I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

Object-based cloud and cloud shadow detection in Landsat imagery

This document provides updates to IEEE Std 802.16's MIB for the MAC, PHY and asso- ciated management procedures in order to accommodate recent extensions to the standard.

IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems Draft Amendment: Management Information Base Extensions

The objective of this study was to develop anatomically correct whole body human models of an adult male (34 years old), an adult female (26 years old) and two children (an 11-year-old girl and a six-year-old boy) for the optimized evaluation of electromagnetic exposure. These four models are referred to as the Virtual Family. They are based on high resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images of healthy volunteers. More than 80 different tissue types were distinguished during the segmentation. To improve the accuracy and the effectiveness of the segmentation, a novel semi-automated tool was used to analyze and segment the data. All tissues and organs were reconstructed as three-dimensional (3D) unstructured triangulated surface objects, yielding high precision images of individual features of the body. This greatly enhances the meshing flexibility and the accuracy with respect to thin tissue layers and small organs in comparison with the traditional voxel-based representation of anatomical models. Conformal computational techniques were also applied. The techniques and tools developed in this study can be used to more effectively develop future models and further improve the accuracy of the models for various applications. For research purposes, the four models are provided for free to the scientific community.

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The Virtual Family—development of surface-based anatomical models of two adults and two children for dosimetric simulations

Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility

We investigated the thermal effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) on the variation in core temperature and gene expression of some stress markers in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 2.14 GHz wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) RF signals at a whole-body averaged specific absorption rate (WBA-SAR) of 4 W/kg, which causes behavioral disruption in laboratory animals, and 0.4 W/kg, which is the limit for the occupational exposure set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection guideline. It is important to understand the possible in vivo effects derived from RF-EMF exposures at these intensities. Because of inadequate data on real-time core temperature analyses using free-moving animal and the association between stress and thermal effects of RF-EMF exposure, we analyzed the core body temperature under nonanesthetic condition during RF-EMF exposure. The results revealed that the core temperature increased by approximately 1.5°C compared with the baseline and reached a plateau till the end of RF-EMF exposure. Furthermore, we analyzed the gene expression of heat-shock proteins (Hsp) and heat-shock transcription factors (Hsf) family after RF-EMF exposure. At WBA-SAR of 4 W/kg, some Hsp and Hsf gene expression levels were significantly upregulated in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum following exposure for 6 hr/day but were not upregulated after exposure for 3 hr/day. On the other hand, there was no significant change in the core temperature and gene expression at WBA-SAR of 0.4 W/kg. Thus, 2.14-GHz RF-EMF exposure at WBA-SAR of 4 W/kg induced increases in the core temperature and upregulation of some stress markers, particularly in the cerebellum.

/pdf/exposure-time-dependent-thermal-effects-of-radiofrequency-1mjwm8r1wb.pdf

Exposure time-dependent thermal effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on the whole body of rats

Enhancements of the localized specific absorption rate (SAR) caused by metal-framed spectacles are analyzed numerically for 1.5GHz hand-held mobile telephones. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and an anatomically based human head model are employed in the analysis. Enhancements up to 1.2 times for the ten-gram-averaged spatial peak SAR in the head and up to 2.75 times for the onegram-averaged SAR in the eye are found, whereas there is no significant variation on the absorbed power or averaged SAR in the whole head. The mechanism of localized SAR enhancement is clarified to be due to an induced current on the metal frame.

Localized Specific Absorption Rate in the Human Head in Metal-Framed Spectacles for 1.5 GHz hand-Held Mobile Telephones

This paper presents a dosimetric analysis in an anatomically realistic human head model for a helical antenna portable telephone by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The head model, developed from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of a Japanese adult head, consists of 530 thousand voxels, of 2 mm dimensions, segmented into 15 tissue types. The helical antenna was modeled as a stack of dipoles and loops with an adequate relative weight, whose validity was confirmed by comparing the calculated near magnetic fields with published measured data. SARs are given both for the spatial peak value in the whole head and the averages in various major organs. key words: electromagnetic dosimetry, helical antenna,

/pdf/fdtd-analysis-of-dosimetry-in-human-head-model-for-a-helical-1br2rdal7c.pdf

FDTD Analysis of Dosimetry in Human Head Model for a Helical Antenna Portable Telephone

A sub-grid finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was applied to analyze electromagnetic (EM) interaction between a 5 GH band antenna mounted laptop personal computer (PC) and a human body model in realistic use situations. The investigated situations were a typing and a non-typing PC users, who were simulated with a realistic whole body or half body model. It was found that the body proximity effect was mainly blocking the radiation up to 20 dB towards the body side, and the hands on the keyboard were mainly blocking the radiation up to 10 dB towards the direction at an angle to the head. It was also found that the highest EM absorption in the typing and non-typing situations occurred in the hand and in the chest, respectively, and the hands on the keyboard had a significantly blocking effect for the SAR spread to the head region. The peak SAR levels were low enough compared to the safety guidelines.

/pdf/em-interaction-between-a-5-ghz-band-antenna-mounted-pc-and-a-4ekdbr95f2.pdf

EM Interaction between a 5 GHz Band Antenna Mounted PC and a Realistic Human Body Model

A dual-mode impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) system, which combines body channel communication for wearable on-body transmission with conventional UWB communication for in-body to on-body transmission, is proposed. The basic system structure is presented, and the path loss characteristics are derived based on numerical analysis and measurement. Moreover, through a bit error rate performance analysis, the required transmit power against communication distance shows the feasibility for on-body and in-body transmissions at a data rate of at least 10 Mbps.

Jianqing Wang

Papers

Exposure time-dependent thermal effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on the whole body of rats

Localized Specific Absorption Rate in the Human Head in Metal-Framed Spectacles for 1.5 GHz hand-Held Mobile Telephones

FDTD Analysis of Dosimetry in Human Head Model for a Helical Antenna Portable Telephone

EM Interaction between a 5 GHz Band Antenna Mounted PC and a Realistic Human Body Model

Dual-mode impulse radio ultra-wideband transmission for body area networks