다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Functional analysis of large gene lists, derived in most cases from emerging high-throughput genomic, proteomic and bioinformatics scanning approaches, is still a challenging and daunting task. The gene-annotation enrichment analysis is a promising high-throughput strategy that increases the likelihood for investigators to identify biological processes most pertinent to their study. Approximately 68 bioinformatics enrichment tools that are currently available in the community are collected in this survey. Tools are uniquely categorized into three major classes, according to their underlying enrichment algorithms. The comprehensive collections, unique tool classifications and associated questions/issues will provide a more comprehensive and up-to-date view regarding the advantages, pitfalls and recent trends in a simpler tool-class level rather than by a tool-by-tool approach. Thus, the survey will help tool designers/developers and experienced end users understand the underlying algorithms and pertinent details of particular tool categories/tools, enabling them to make the best choices for their particular research interests.

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Bioinformatics enrichment tools: paths toward the comprehensive functional analysis of large gene lists

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

XI. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING DIABETES CARE D iabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes care is complex and requires that many issues, beyond glycemic control, be addressed. A large body of evidence exists that supports a range of interventions to improve diabetes outcomes. These standards of care are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payors, and other interested individuals with the components of diabetes care, treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. While individual preferences, comorbidities, and other patient factors may require modification of goals, targets that are desirable for most patients with diabetes are provided. These standards are not intended to preclude more extensive evaluation and management of the patient by other specialists as needed. For more detailed information, refer to Bode (Ed.): Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes (1), Burant (Ed): Medical Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2), and Klingensmith (Ed): Intensive Diabetes Management (3). The recommendations included are diagnostic and therapeutic actions that are known or believed to favorably affect health outcomes of patients with diabetes. A grading system (Table 1), developed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and modeled after existing methods, was utilized to clarify and codify the evidence that forms the basis for the recommendations. The level of evidence that supports each recommendation is listed after each recommendation using the letters A, B, C, or E.

Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes

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Modern Applied Statistics With S

Purpose of review This review focuses on the recent findings from lipidomics studies as related to nutrition and health research. Recent findings Several lipidomics studies have investigated malnutrition, including both under- and overnutrition. Focus has been both on the early-life nutrition as well as on the impact of overfeeding later in life. Multiple studies have investigated the impact of different macronutrients in lipidome on human health, demonstrating that overfeeding with saturated fat is metabolically more harmful than overfeeding with polyunsaturated fat or carbohydrate-rich food. Diet rich in saturated fat increases the lipotoxic lipids, such as ceramides and saturated fatty-acyl-containing triacylglycerols, increasing also the low-density lipoprotein aggregation rate. In contrast, diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as n-3 fatty acids, decreases the triacylglycerol levels, although some individuals are poor responders to n-3 supplementation. Summary The results highlight the benefits of lipidomics in clinical nutrition research, also providing an opportunity for personalized nutrition. An area of increasing interest is the interplay of diet, gut microbiome, and metabolome, and how they together impact individuals’ responses to nutritional challenges.

Lipidomics in nutrition research

Obesity and Diabetes: Lipotoxicity

Current evidence suggests that chemical exposure alters gut microbiota composition, with higher exposure to environmental chemicals being associated with reduced microbiome diversity. However, not much is known about the impact of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on gut bacteria. Here we set out to identify the gut bacterial species that associate with chemical exposure before (maternal) and after (maternal, infant) birth in a mother-infant series. Paired blood and stool samples were collected from mother-infant dyads (n = 30) in a longitudinal setting. PFAS were quantified in maternal blood to examine their associations with the microbial compositions (determined by shotgun metagenomic sequencing) in mothers and infants. High maternal exposure to PFAS was persistently associated with increased abundance of Methanobrevibacter smithii in maternal stool. Among individual PFAS compounds, PFOS and PFHpS showed the strongest connection with M. smithii. However, maternal PFAS exposure associated only weakly with the infant microbiome. Our findings suggest that PFAS exposure contributes to the modulation of the adult gut microbiome composition.

Impact of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on fecal microbiota composition in mother-infant dyads

Metabolic changes are the final answer of the cell to environmental or genetic changes. While gene expression in breast cancer has extensively been studied, studies on the breast cancer metabolome and its correlation to transcriptional changes are rare. Therefore, a combined metabolomics and transcriptomics study was carried out by the METAcancer consortium. In this project, 275 breast cancer tissues collected as fresh-frozen samples in the METAcancer tumor bank were analyzed using gas chromatography combined with time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). Out of these, 156 tumor samples were transcriptionally profiled using whole genome DASL. Before, we identified 10 increased and 9 decreased metabolites in the more aggressive estrogen receptor negative (ER-) compared to the estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer (poster #5573, AACR Annual Meeting 2010). Among these changes, the increase of beta-alanine (fold change = 2.4, p = 1.7E-20) was the strongest and most significant alteration. Comparing breast cancer and normal tissues, beta-alanine turned out to be strongly increased in the cancer tissues (fold change = 2.6, p = 1.1E-34). Using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) we identified 135 enzymes that catalyze reactions of the 19 regulated metabolites. These enzymes were subjected to correlation analysis with their substrates and products. As most significant result, a negative relationship between 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT) expression and beta-alanine concentration was detected (Pearson correlation = –0.62, p = 1.1E-17). ABAT was significantly down-regulated in the more aggressive ER- subtype (fold change = –1.9, p = 1.6E-08). The differential expression of ABAT was confirmed in three publicly available breast cancer microarray data sets. The effect of ABAT inhibition was investigated in estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In both cell lines, treatment with vigabatrin, a small molecule that binds irreversibly to ABAT and inhibits the enzymatic activity, increased proliferation. In summary, we detected an accumulation of beta-alanine in breast cancer and an increase of beta-alanine and a down-regulation of ABAT in the more aggressive ER- subtype. The regulation of beta-alanine metabolism that underlies these changes is currently investigated in cell culture models. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4806. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4806

Abstract 4806: Association of changes in 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT) and beta-alanine metabolism with breast cancer and the more aggressive estrogen receptor negative subtype

Human gut is colonized by a vast number of microbes known as gut microbiota. The microbiota plays a significant role in the maintenance of health and well-being. A dysbiosis in the microbiota has b ...

Matej Orešič

Papers

Lipidomics in nutrition research

Obesity and Diabetes: Lipotoxicity

Impact of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on fecal microbiota composition in mother-infant dyads

Abstract 4806: Association of changes in 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT) and beta-alanine metabolism with breast cancer and the more aggressive estrogen receptor negative subtype

The Role of Omic Technologies in the Study of the Human Gut Microbiome