Tommi Vatanen

TL;DR: Deep sequencing of the gut microbiomes of 1135 participants from a Dutch population-based cohort shows relations between the microbiome and 126 exogenous and intrinsic host factors, including 31 intrinsic factors, 12 diseases, 19 drug groups, 4 smoking categories, and 60 dietary factors, and an important step toward a better understanding of environment-diet-microbe-host interactions.

TL;DR: Analysis of stool samples from 903 children as part of the TEDDY study shows that breastfeeding was the most important factor associated with microbiome structure, and the cessation of breast milk resulted in faster maturation of the gut microbiome.

TL;DR: Using metabolomics and shotgun metagenomics on stool samples from individuals with and without inflammatory bowel disease, metabolites, microbial species and genes associated with disease were identified and validated in an independent cohort, providing an improved understanding of perturbations of the microbiome–metabolome interface in IBD.

TL;DR: It is shown that Bacteroides LPS is structurally distinct from E. coli LPS and inhibits innate immune signaling and endotoxin tolerance, and that early colonization by immunologically silencing microbiota may preclude aspects of immune education.

TL;DR: Trends in the development of the human infant gut microbiome along with specific alterations that precede T1D onset and distinguish T2D progressors from nonprogressors are identified.