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Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Tables of integrals

Metamaterials are composed of periodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structures that resonantly couple to the electric and/or magnetic components of the incident electromagnetic fields, exhibiting properties that are not found in nature. This class of micro- and nano-structured artificial media have attracted great interest during the past 15 years and yielded ground-breaking electromagnetic and photonic phenomena. However, the high losses and strong dispersion associated with the resonant responses and the use of metallic structures, as well as the difficulty in fabricating the micro- and nanoscale 3D structures, have hindered practical applications of metamaterials. Planar metamaterials with subwavelength thickness, or metasurfaces, consisting of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures, can be readily fabricated using lithography and nanoprinting methods, and the ultrathin thickness in the wave propagation direction can greatly suppress the undesirable losses. Metasurfaces enable a spatially varying optical response (e.g. scattering amplitude, phase, and polarization), mold optical wavefronts into shapes that can be designed at will, and facilitate the integration of functional materials to accomplish active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. This paper reviews recent progress in the physics of metasurfaces operating at wavelengths ranging from microwave to visible. We provide an overview of key metasurface concepts such as anomalous reflection and refraction, and introduce metasurfaces based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase and Huygens' metasurfaces, as well as their use in wavefront shaping and beam forming applications, followed by a discussion of polarization conversion in few-layer metasurfaces and their related properties. An overview of dielectric metasurfaces reveals their ability to realize unique functionalities coupled with Mie resonances and their low ohmic losses. We also describe metasurfaces for wave guidance and radiation control, as well as active and nonlinear metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude by providing our opinions of opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing research field.

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications.

The advent of negative index materials has spawned extensive research into metamaterials over the past decade. Metamaterials are attractive not only for their exotic electromagnetic properties, but also their promise for applications. A particular branch–the metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA)–has garnered interest due to the fact that it can achieve unity absorptivity of electromagnetic waves. Since its first experimental demonstration in 2008, the MPA has progressed significantly with designs shown across the electromagnetic spectrum, from microwave to optical. In this Progress Report we give an overview of the field and discuss a selection of examples and related applications. The ability of the MPA to exhibit extreme performance flexibility will be discussed and the theory underlying their operation and limitations will be established. Insight is given into what we can expect from this rapidly expanding field and future challenges will be addressed.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adma.201200674

Metamaterial Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers

Metamaterials are composed of periodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structures that resonantly couple to the electric and/or magnetic components of the incident electromagnetic fields, exhibiting properties that are not found in nature. Planar metamaterials with subwavelength thickness, or metasurfaces, consisting of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures, can be readily fabricated using lithography and nanoprinting methods, and the ultrathin thickness in the wave propagation direction can greatly suppress the undesirable losses. Metasurfaces enable a spatially varying optical response, mold optical wavefronts into shapes that can be designed at will, and facilitate the integration of functional materials to accomplish active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. This paper reviews recent progress in the physics of metasurfaces operating at wavelengths ranging from microwave to visible. We provide an overview of key metasurface concepts such as anomalous reflection and refraction, and introduce metasurfaces based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase and Huygens' metasurfaces, as well as their use in wavefront shaping and beam forming applications, followed by a discussion of polarization conversion in few-layer metasurfaces and their related properties. An overview of dielectric metasurfaces reveals their ability to realize unique functionalities coupled with Mie resonances and their low ohmic losses. We also describe metasurfaces for wave guidance and radiation control, as well as active and nonlinear metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude by providing our opinions of opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing research field.

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications

We propose an efiective way to realize the ultra-low loss in a split ring resonator (SRR) by suppressing the electric dipole moment approach. To tremendously reduce the loss, the loss mechanism of the SRR is theoretically analyzed in detail. The nonuniform current distribution on the SRR loop results in the residual electric dipole moment and thus brings the high radiation losses. Three difierent SRR conflgurations that the lumped capacitor, the distributed capacitor and the dielectric medium are incorporated into the SRR metamaterial are conceived, by which the uniform current distribution can be observed. This leads to in a flnite bandwidth deviated from the resonance frequency where the SRR's loss performance dramatically improves owing to suppression of the residual electric dipole moment. The proposed the loss reduction mechanism has potential applications in negative and zero index metamaterials, especially at THz frequencies and in the optical regime.

/pdf/an-ultra-low-loss-split-ring-resonator-by-suppressing-the-26jyhgnk95.pdf

An ultra-low loss split ring resonator by suppressing the electric dipole moment approach

The operating principle of the RF MEMS phase shifter is described. A novel design concept for dual-frequency RF MEMS phase shifter is proposed. By using network theory and CST microwave studio simulation tool, the proposed RF MEMS phase shifter is modelled. Simulation results show that the proposed model has the return loss less than -10dB and the insertion loss more than -2dB in two operating frequencies, both of which are more than 1 GHz bandwidth. For one RF MEMS phase shifter, both 180-degree and 90-degree phase shift are realized.

A novel dual-frequency RF MEMS phase shifter

A characteristic analysis method for finite difference time domain (FDTD) based on frequency response is presented. By this method, the characteristic of FDTD can be mapped into the characteristic of frequency response of a system. So FDTD can be studied through the system. In this paper, we deduce the frequency response of the system with respect to one dimensional scalar wave in free space, discuss the distortion of magnitude and phase, build the relation between frequency and attenuation and phase velocity, then reveal the effect of FDTD algorithm on signal and give the criterion to choose appropriate signal for simulation to avoid excessive distortion. At last, the simulation validates the theory analysis.

Characteristic Analysis for FDTD Based on Frequency Response

In this paper, a strategy to develop a compact transition of the spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) transmission line (TL) is proposed. First, an equivalent distributed circuit model is employed for the theoretical analysis and optimization design of the SSPP unit. The mapping relation between the unit performance and the geometric parameters is deduced from the transmission matrix. The calculated results are compared with the numerical ones from the three-dimensional (3D) simulations for validation. Then, a compact transition (only 0.26λ g) is built with only two matching units and a tapered strip through optimizations. The optimizations are implemented with the circuit simulations based on the equivalent model, which can remarkably save time in comparison with the 3D simulations. The transition principle is also explained by quantitatively extracting the dispersion properties and impedance characteristics. Finally, a prototype of the proposed SSPP TL is fabricated and measured for demonstration. The measured operating band (0–7.7 GHz) is almost up to the cut-off frequency (about 8 GHz), which remains the inherent broadband low-pass transmission characteristics. Meanwhile, the measured in-band return loss is almost higher than 10 dB, which verifies the high-efficiency propagation. This work can pave the way for building up a new SSPP-based framework of microwave circuits.

Compact transition enabled broadband propagation of spoof surface plasmon polaritons based on the equivalent circuit model

Cancer claimed the death of over 7.6 million people each year all over the world. Many attempts have being practiced in clinical applications, yet some new technologies are believed to make up for the shortcomings of existing methods. Some latest advances have aroused interests in terahertz imaging and the biological effect as promising diagnostic methods for cancer. This review, however, taps into the biological effects of terahertz radiation as well as the possible mechanism to reveal the potentials and prospects of THz in cancer treatment.

Qun Wu

Papers

An ultra-low loss split ring resonator by suppressing the electric dipole moment approach

A novel dual-frequency RF MEMS phase shifter

Characteristic Analysis for FDTD Based on Frequency Response

Compact transition enabled broadband propagation of spoof surface plasmon polaritons based on the equivalent circuit model

An overview of cancer treatment by terahertz radiation