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Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Tables of integrals

Metamaterials are composed of periodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structures that resonantly couple to the electric and/or magnetic components of the incident electromagnetic fields, exhibiting properties that are not found in nature. This class of micro- and nano-structured artificial media have attracted great interest during the past 15 years and yielded ground-breaking electromagnetic and photonic phenomena. However, the high losses and strong dispersion associated with the resonant responses and the use of metallic structures, as well as the difficulty in fabricating the micro- and nanoscale 3D structures, have hindered practical applications of metamaterials. Planar metamaterials with subwavelength thickness, or metasurfaces, consisting of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures, can be readily fabricated using lithography and nanoprinting methods, and the ultrathin thickness in the wave propagation direction can greatly suppress the undesirable losses. Metasurfaces enable a spatially varying optical response (e.g. scattering amplitude, phase, and polarization), mold optical wavefronts into shapes that can be designed at will, and facilitate the integration of functional materials to accomplish active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. This paper reviews recent progress in the physics of metasurfaces operating at wavelengths ranging from microwave to visible. We provide an overview of key metasurface concepts such as anomalous reflection and refraction, and introduce metasurfaces based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase and Huygens' metasurfaces, as well as their use in wavefront shaping and beam forming applications, followed by a discussion of polarization conversion in few-layer metasurfaces and their related properties. An overview of dielectric metasurfaces reveals their ability to realize unique functionalities coupled with Mie resonances and their low ohmic losses. We also describe metasurfaces for wave guidance and radiation control, as well as active and nonlinear metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude by providing our opinions of opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing research field.

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications.

The advent of negative index materials has spawned extensive research into metamaterials over the past decade. Metamaterials are attractive not only for their exotic electromagnetic properties, but also their promise for applications. A particular branch–the metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA)–has garnered interest due to the fact that it can achieve unity absorptivity of electromagnetic waves. Since its first experimental demonstration in 2008, the MPA has progressed significantly with designs shown across the electromagnetic spectrum, from microwave to optical. In this Progress Report we give an overview of the field and discuss a selection of examples and related applications. The ability of the MPA to exhibit extreme performance flexibility will be discussed and the theory underlying their operation and limitations will be established. Insight is given into what we can expect from this rapidly expanding field and future challenges will be addressed.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adma.201200674

Metamaterial Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers

Metamaterials are composed of periodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structures that resonantly couple to the electric and/or magnetic components of the incident electromagnetic fields, exhibiting properties that are not found in nature. Planar metamaterials with subwavelength thickness, or metasurfaces, consisting of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures, can be readily fabricated using lithography and nanoprinting methods, and the ultrathin thickness in the wave propagation direction can greatly suppress the undesirable losses. Metasurfaces enable a spatially varying optical response, mold optical wavefronts into shapes that can be designed at will, and facilitate the integration of functional materials to accomplish active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. This paper reviews recent progress in the physics of metasurfaces operating at wavelengths ranging from microwave to visible. We provide an overview of key metasurface concepts such as anomalous reflection and refraction, and introduce metasurfaces based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase and Huygens' metasurfaces, as well as their use in wavefront shaping and beam forming applications, followed by a discussion of polarization conversion in few-layer metasurfaces and their related properties. An overview of dielectric metasurfaces reveals their ability to realize unique functionalities coupled with Mie resonances and their low ohmic losses. We also describe metasurfaces for wave guidance and radiation control, as well as active and nonlinear metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude by providing our opinions of opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing research field.

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications

The Electromagnetic Energy Selective Surface (ESS) can be an effective alternative of radome for high-pwer antenna application. It is from the basic idea that “the energy of the electromagnetic wave can pass smoothly when it is less than the safety threshold, and it is automatically shielded when it is greater than the safety threshold”. The adaptive switching characteristic can effectively protect the strong electromagnetic pulse without affecting the operation of antennas. In this paper, a broadband ESS operating in S-band is designed. The results of CST show that the working frequency bandwidth is approximately 1.1 GHz both for the TE polarization and TM polarization incidence. The insertion loss is less than 3 dB when it is in the wave-transparent state, and the shielding efficiency is more than 30 dB when it is in the shielding state. It can be used for high-power microwave protection of the various antennas and radar systems.

An S-band Broadband Energy Selective Surface Design

In this paper, a novel wide-band frequency selective surface (FSS) based on double-layered hexagonal units is described. The proposed FSS has better wideband performance of 23.6% compared with previous designs. The operating frequency at 12.5 GHz for the application of radome in X-band is obtained by optimizing the coupling of the two layers respectively. In order to improve the broadband performance, an approach is presented and analyzed by controlling the magnetic field inside the structure and the bandwidth is expanded by introducing straight metal strips near the hexagonal loops. To validate the proposed concept, the final design is fabricated, and measured results are also presented and discussed.

A novel wide band FSS structure based on the double-layered hexagonal unit

In this paper, a novel two-dimensional Luneburg lens, composed of artificial impendence surfaces (AIS), is proposed for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. Several detectors are mounted around the Luneburg lens to estimate the DOA of a microwave signal, owing to the surface wave can be focused perfectly on the diametrically opposite side of the lens. The desired refractive index profile of the Luneburg lens is controlled by the variable surface impendence of the unit cells, which is obtained by using an array of complementary unipolar compact photonic band gap (UC-PBG) structure inside a parallel plate waveguide. The proposed Luneburg lens with several probes, which operate in X-band region, are fabricated and measured to demonstrate the direction finding system. Both simulation and measured results show that the system has an excellent focusing ability, and the measured resolution of the system agrees very well with the theoretical value.

Direction Finding System Using Planar Luneburg Lens

A broadband graphene absorber with simple structure is proposed in this paper. The substrate used in this paper is 1.3 mm in thickness and constructed with 0.6 mm depth grooves periodically, which can be treated as substrates with a thickness of 1.3 mm and 0.7 mm arranging periodically. The combination of quartz substrate with different heights can realize the superposition of two adjacent frequency bands which leads to broad band characteristic of the absorber. The absorption rate of the absorber is obtained by software High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) 14.0. The relative bandwidth for the absorption rate above 90% is 27.1%, from 134 GHz to 176 GHz. The graphene absorber proposed has potential in the development of stealth technology.

Broadband graphene absorber in THz based on superposition of bands

The feasibility of terahertz wave radiation emitted form carbon nanotube has been studied based on the simple tight-binding theory. The properties of terahertz wave and the current distribution on carbon nanotube have been characterized. The radiation efficiency of carbon nanotube bundles has been compared with that of single walled carbon nanotube. The result shows the efficiency of single walled carbon nanobue bundle dipole antennas is much higher than that of a single walled carbon nanotue dipole antenna.

Qun Wu

Papers

An S-band Broadband Energy Selective Surface Design

A novel wide band FSS structure based on the double-layered hexagonal unit

Direction Finding System Using Planar Luneburg Lens

Broadband graphene absorber in THz based on superposition of bands

Electromagnetic radiation from carbon nanotube at terahertz frequency