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Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Tables of integrals

Metamaterials are composed of periodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structures that resonantly couple to the electric and/or magnetic components of the incident electromagnetic fields, exhibiting properties that are not found in nature. This class of micro- and nano-structured artificial media have attracted great interest during the past 15 years and yielded ground-breaking electromagnetic and photonic phenomena. However, the high losses and strong dispersion associated with the resonant responses and the use of metallic structures, as well as the difficulty in fabricating the micro- and nanoscale 3D structures, have hindered practical applications of metamaterials. Planar metamaterials with subwavelength thickness, or metasurfaces, consisting of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures, can be readily fabricated using lithography and nanoprinting methods, and the ultrathin thickness in the wave propagation direction can greatly suppress the undesirable losses. Metasurfaces enable a spatially varying optical response (e.g. scattering amplitude, phase, and polarization), mold optical wavefronts into shapes that can be designed at will, and facilitate the integration of functional materials to accomplish active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. This paper reviews recent progress in the physics of metasurfaces operating at wavelengths ranging from microwave to visible. We provide an overview of key metasurface concepts such as anomalous reflection and refraction, and introduce metasurfaces based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase and Huygens' metasurfaces, as well as their use in wavefront shaping and beam forming applications, followed by a discussion of polarization conversion in few-layer metasurfaces and their related properties. An overview of dielectric metasurfaces reveals their ability to realize unique functionalities coupled with Mie resonances and their low ohmic losses. We also describe metasurfaces for wave guidance and radiation control, as well as active and nonlinear metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude by providing our opinions of opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing research field.

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications.

The advent of negative index materials has spawned extensive research into metamaterials over the past decade. Metamaterials are attractive not only for their exotic electromagnetic properties, but also their promise for applications. A particular branch–the metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA)–has garnered interest due to the fact that it can achieve unity absorptivity of electromagnetic waves. Since its first experimental demonstration in 2008, the MPA has progressed significantly with designs shown across the electromagnetic spectrum, from microwave to optical. In this Progress Report we give an overview of the field and discuss a selection of examples and related applications. The ability of the MPA to exhibit extreme performance flexibility will be discussed and the theory underlying their operation and limitations will be established. Insight is given into what we can expect from this rapidly expanding field and future challenges will be addressed.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adma.201200674

Metamaterial Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers

Metamaterials are composed of periodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structures that resonantly couple to the electric and/or magnetic components of the incident electromagnetic fields, exhibiting properties that are not found in nature. Planar metamaterials with subwavelength thickness, or metasurfaces, consisting of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures, can be readily fabricated using lithography and nanoprinting methods, and the ultrathin thickness in the wave propagation direction can greatly suppress the undesirable losses. Metasurfaces enable a spatially varying optical response, mold optical wavefronts into shapes that can be designed at will, and facilitate the integration of functional materials to accomplish active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. This paper reviews recent progress in the physics of metasurfaces operating at wavelengths ranging from microwave to visible. We provide an overview of key metasurface concepts such as anomalous reflection and refraction, and introduce metasurfaces based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase and Huygens' metasurfaces, as well as their use in wavefront shaping and beam forming applications, followed by a discussion of polarization conversion in few-layer metasurfaces and their related properties. An overview of dielectric metasurfaces reveals their ability to realize unique functionalities coupled with Mie resonances and their low ohmic losses. We also describe metasurfaces for wave guidance and radiation control, as well as active and nonlinear metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude by providing our opinions of opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing research field.

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications

In this paper, the design method for a two-dimensional (2D) beam-scanning reflectarray based on liquid crystals (LCs) and static driving technique in the millimeter-wave band is proposed. The reflectarray is composed of multi-resonant elements which obtain the phase shift by applying the driving voltage on the LC. The LC elements of the reflectarray are controlled by static driving method. In order to reduce the negative impact of the densely distributed LC driving lines on the performance of the reflectarray, a novel LC driving strategy is presented to further reduce the number of driving lines. Subarray partition is employed, and more importantly, the ground plane of the reflectarray is divided into several segments so that about one third part of the driving lines can be transferred from the patch layer to the ground plane layer. A 32 × 30 reflectarray is designed and taken for an example to demonstrate the proposed method. Full wave numerical simulations are conducted, and the results show large beam scanning ranges of the reflectarray over 50° in the plane containing the offset feed and over 40° in the plane perpendicular to the feed plane.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6463/ab16bc/pdf

Design and numerical demonstration of a 2D millimeter-wave beam-scanning reflectarray based on liquid crystals and a static driving technique

A compact novel topology rectenna system is presented. The proposed rectenna is developed by decomposition a rectenna topology into two function parts, and then re-combination the two parts into a new topology to reach a very compact system size. The operation mechanism of the proposed novel topology rectenna is explained and analyzed. In addition, the proposed architecture is uni-planar, robust and compact, which lead to an easy design and realization at the required frequency ranges with a very low cost. A 2.45 GHz rectenna system is designed and measured to show their microwave performances.

Study of a novel compact rectenna for wireless energy harvesting

An electronically-scanned circularly-polarized leaky-wave antenna (LWA) designed for ETC system is proposed in this paper. Based on the theory of composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL), the proposed antenna can fulfill the beam-scan from -6° to -21° in the half plane continuously at the fixed frequency of 5.8 GHz by tuning the bias voltage of varactors loaded on the CRLH TL. By loading corner-cut square patches, a circularly-polarized radiation is obtained at the main beam, and the maximum gain in the main beam direction keeps above 11 dB.

Metamaterial Based Electronically-Scanned Circularly-Polarized LWA

An ultra-wideband(UWB) Vivaldi antenna designed to detect brain tumor is presented in this paper. By transforming the conventional two-layer Vivaldi antenna into a three-layer structure, the cross-polarization effect of antenna is sharply reduced. Based on different conductivity of brain tissues, the microwave absorption effect of brain tumors is analyzed in the end, which indicates the broad prospect of microwave imaging system in the field of tumor detection.

Design and optimization of UWB Vivaldi antenna for brain tumor detection

Abstract In this paper, a novel strategy based on a metasurface composed of simple and compact unit cells to achieve ultra-high-speed trigonometric operations under specific input values is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. An electromagnetic wave (EM)-based optical diffractive neural network with only one hidden layer is physically built to perform four trigonometric operations (sine, cosine, tangent, and cotangent functions). Under the unique composite input mode strategy, the designed optical trigonometric operator responds to incident light source modes that represent different trigonometric operations and input values (within one period), and generates correct and clear calculated results in the output layer. Such a wave-based operation is implemented with specific input values, and the proposed concept work may offer breakthrough inspiration to achieve integrable optical computing devices and photonic signal processors with ultra-fast running speeds. 

/pdf/deep-learning-enabled-compact-optical-trigonometric-operator-3ixryebf.pdf

Qun Wu

Papers

Design and numerical demonstration of a 2D millimeter-wave beam-scanning reflectarray based on liquid crystals and a static driving technique

Study of a novel compact rectenna for wireless energy harvesting

Metamaterial Based Electronically-Scanned Circularly-Polarized LWA

Design and optimization of UWB Vivaldi antenna for brain tumor detection

Deep learning-enabled compact optical trigonometric operator with metasurface