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Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Tables of integrals

Metamaterials are composed of periodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structures that resonantly couple to the electric and/or magnetic components of the incident electromagnetic fields, exhibiting properties that are not found in nature. This class of micro- and nano-structured artificial media have attracted great interest during the past 15 years and yielded ground-breaking electromagnetic and photonic phenomena. However, the high losses and strong dispersion associated with the resonant responses and the use of metallic structures, as well as the difficulty in fabricating the micro- and nanoscale 3D structures, have hindered practical applications of metamaterials. Planar metamaterials with subwavelength thickness, or metasurfaces, consisting of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures, can be readily fabricated using lithography and nanoprinting methods, and the ultrathin thickness in the wave propagation direction can greatly suppress the undesirable losses. Metasurfaces enable a spatially varying optical response (e.g. scattering amplitude, phase, and polarization), mold optical wavefronts into shapes that can be designed at will, and facilitate the integration of functional materials to accomplish active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. This paper reviews recent progress in the physics of metasurfaces operating at wavelengths ranging from microwave to visible. We provide an overview of key metasurface concepts such as anomalous reflection and refraction, and introduce metasurfaces based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase and Huygens' metasurfaces, as well as their use in wavefront shaping and beam forming applications, followed by a discussion of polarization conversion in few-layer metasurfaces and their related properties. An overview of dielectric metasurfaces reveals their ability to realize unique functionalities coupled with Mie resonances and their low ohmic losses. We also describe metasurfaces for wave guidance and radiation control, as well as active and nonlinear metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude by providing our opinions of opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing research field.

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications.

The advent of negative index materials has spawned extensive research into metamaterials over the past decade. Metamaterials are attractive not only for their exotic electromagnetic properties, but also their promise for applications. A particular branch–the metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA)–has garnered interest due to the fact that it can achieve unity absorptivity of electromagnetic waves. Since its first experimental demonstration in 2008, the MPA has progressed significantly with designs shown across the electromagnetic spectrum, from microwave to optical. In this Progress Report we give an overview of the field and discuss a selection of examples and related applications. The ability of the MPA to exhibit extreme performance flexibility will be discussed and the theory underlying their operation and limitations will be established. Insight is given into what we can expect from this rapidly expanding field and future challenges will be addressed.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adma.201200674

Metamaterial Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers

Metamaterials are composed of periodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structures that resonantly couple to the electric and/or magnetic components of the incident electromagnetic fields, exhibiting properties that are not found in nature. Planar metamaterials with subwavelength thickness, or metasurfaces, consisting of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures, can be readily fabricated using lithography and nanoprinting methods, and the ultrathin thickness in the wave propagation direction can greatly suppress the undesirable losses. Metasurfaces enable a spatially varying optical response, mold optical wavefronts into shapes that can be designed at will, and facilitate the integration of functional materials to accomplish active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. This paper reviews recent progress in the physics of metasurfaces operating at wavelengths ranging from microwave to visible. We provide an overview of key metasurface concepts such as anomalous reflection and refraction, and introduce metasurfaces based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase and Huygens' metasurfaces, as well as their use in wavefront shaping and beam forming applications, followed by a discussion of polarization conversion in few-layer metasurfaces and their related properties. An overview of dielectric metasurfaces reveals their ability to realize unique functionalities coupled with Mie resonances and their low ohmic losses. We also describe metasurfaces for wave guidance and radiation control, as well as active and nonlinear metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude by providing our opinions of opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing research field.

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications

In this paper, the equivalent circuit for modeling the thin wire array in metamaterial is proposed. The macro effect of the thin wire array can be clearly described by the equivalent circuit method, while a plane wave is propagating through it, according to the response of the thin wire array to the incident electromagnetic wave and the equivalence relation of uniform medium and uniform transmission line. In addition, the effective permittivity model of the asymmetric wire array is derived based on the transmission line theory. The validity of the model is proven by numerical simulations. The description of mathematical derivation exhibits clear physical concepts and provides a new approach for better understanding of the negative permittivity effect of the thin wire array

Research on the macro effect of the thin wire array in metamaterial by equivalent circuit method

In this paper discussed the interaction of the plane wave with the cylindrical metamaterial cloak. The total fields are analyzed in detail, and analytical expression of the field inside the cloak has been demonstrated. The result is valid, and is helpful for the analysis and design of the cylindrically cloak, meanwhile the comprehension of the physical mechanism in cloaking.

Analytical expression of the electromagnetic field inside the cylindrical metamaterial cloak excited by plane wave

In this paper, a multi-layered structure based on coupled magnetic/electric resonators is presented. The multi-layered structure can generate a significant electromagnetic force in the terahertz band. The electromagnetic force is calculated by using Maxwell Stress Tensor. The asymmetrical split ring is utilized for field confinement and the multi-layered structure enhances the coupling in the dielectric layer and in the air gap. This leads to a high Q factor and large electromagnetic force. By taking the gravity and the area of the unit cell into consideration, we prove that this force is large enough (about three orders of magnitude higher than in the visible band) to manipulate the unit cell with a small incident power density (<50 nW/μm2).

Electromagnetic force based on trapped mode of asymmetrical split ring

In this paper, an approach to the shielding effectiveness evaluation of electronic enclosures with small apertures or slots is discussed. We use transmission line theory to analyze the equipment enclosures or boxes with small apertures or slots. The enclosure was represented by a length of coplanar strip transmission line. The effect of frequency, the dimensions of the enclosure and the size of the apertures in the enclosure are taken into account in the shielding effectiveness calculation. A computer simulation is used for the evaluation. Simulation results are in good agreement with tested data.

An approach to shielding effectiveness estimation of electronic equipment enclosures

Among various flat lens devices, meta-surfaces have presented great performance in a versatile and compact platform for manipulating the polarization, phase and amplitude of microwave. However, most meta-surface could only give the best achievement in the exact polarization. Here, this review propose a new antenna lens which was designed to realize achromatic meta-surface devices successfully enhanced gain of muti-polarization patch antenna. A four polarization gain increasing meta-surface was implemented, which was able to locate in the near field of patch antenna without affecting the polarization character. Moreover, because of meta-surface planar nature, patch antenna lens enable the construction of integrated metamaterial circuits as well as easy coupling with other electronic elements. Through this approach, various flat antenna lens with different polarization gain enhancing devices that were previously impossible can be realized, which will allow innovation in patch antenna application.

Qun Wu

Papers

Research on the macro effect of the thin wire array in metamaterial by equivalent circuit method

Analytical expression of the electromagnetic field inside the cylindrical metamaterial cloak excited by plane wave

Electromagnetic force based on trapped mode of asymmetrical split ring

An approach to shielding effectiveness estimation of electronic equipment enclosures

All polarization gain enhancing lens Based on Meta-surface