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Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Tables of integrals

Metamaterials are composed of periodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structures that resonantly couple to the electric and/or magnetic components of the incident electromagnetic fields, exhibiting properties that are not found in nature. This class of micro- and nano-structured artificial media have attracted great interest during the past 15 years and yielded ground-breaking electromagnetic and photonic phenomena. However, the high losses and strong dispersion associated with the resonant responses and the use of metallic structures, as well as the difficulty in fabricating the micro- and nanoscale 3D structures, have hindered practical applications of metamaterials. Planar metamaterials with subwavelength thickness, or metasurfaces, consisting of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures, can be readily fabricated using lithography and nanoprinting methods, and the ultrathin thickness in the wave propagation direction can greatly suppress the undesirable losses. Metasurfaces enable a spatially varying optical response (e.g. scattering amplitude, phase, and polarization), mold optical wavefronts into shapes that can be designed at will, and facilitate the integration of functional materials to accomplish active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. This paper reviews recent progress in the physics of metasurfaces operating at wavelengths ranging from microwave to visible. We provide an overview of key metasurface concepts such as anomalous reflection and refraction, and introduce metasurfaces based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase and Huygens' metasurfaces, as well as their use in wavefront shaping and beam forming applications, followed by a discussion of polarization conversion in few-layer metasurfaces and their related properties. An overview of dielectric metasurfaces reveals their ability to realize unique functionalities coupled with Mie resonances and their low ohmic losses. We also describe metasurfaces for wave guidance and radiation control, as well as active and nonlinear metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude by providing our opinions of opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing research field.

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications.

The advent of negative index materials has spawned extensive research into metamaterials over the past decade. Metamaterials are attractive not only for their exotic electromagnetic properties, but also their promise for applications. A particular branch–the metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA)–has garnered interest due to the fact that it can achieve unity absorptivity of electromagnetic waves. Since its first experimental demonstration in 2008, the MPA has progressed significantly with designs shown across the electromagnetic spectrum, from microwave to optical. In this Progress Report we give an overview of the field and discuss a selection of examples and related applications. The ability of the MPA to exhibit extreme performance flexibility will be discussed and the theory underlying their operation and limitations will be established. Insight is given into what we can expect from this rapidly expanding field and future challenges will be addressed.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adma.201200674

Metamaterial Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers

Metamaterials are composed of periodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structures that resonantly couple to the electric and/or magnetic components of the incident electromagnetic fields, exhibiting properties that are not found in nature. Planar metamaterials with subwavelength thickness, or metasurfaces, consisting of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures, can be readily fabricated using lithography and nanoprinting methods, and the ultrathin thickness in the wave propagation direction can greatly suppress the undesirable losses. Metasurfaces enable a spatially varying optical response, mold optical wavefronts into shapes that can be designed at will, and facilitate the integration of functional materials to accomplish active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. This paper reviews recent progress in the physics of metasurfaces operating at wavelengths ranging from microwave to visible. We provide an overview of key metasurface concepts such as anomalous reflection and refraction, and introduce metasurfaces based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase and Huygens' metasurfaces, as well as their use in wavefront shaping and beam forming applications, followed by a discussion of polarization conversion in few-layer metasurfaces and their related properties. An overview of dielectric metasurfaces reveals their ability to realize unique functionalities coupled with Mie resonances and their low ohmic losses. We also describe metasurfaces for wave guidance and radiation control, as well as active and nonlinear metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude by providing our opinions of opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing research field.

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications

A novel band-pass Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) working on L-band is presented in this paper. By means of the coupling effect of the metallic patches on three different layers, the distributed capacitance of the periodic structure is formed and therefore decreases the resonant frequency. Investigations on the structure variables are presented and a novel unit cell, whose size is only λ0/20, is proposed. Furthermore, the novel FSS structure has shown a quite stable response for different incident angles and polarization modes as for its symmetry and miniaturization configuration. In addition, the miniaturization performance is investigated and optimized by changing the parameter of the structure.

A novel miniaturized frequency selective surface with stable responses

By use of the spectral-domain approach, the Weyl's identity and the technique of exponential-integral function, a simple and accurate closed-form expression is derived for dyadic Green's function of planar artificially soft and hard surface. The Green's function is expressed as the sum of three parts: primary field, image field reflected by a perfect electric conductor boundary and field created by a transmission-line current source

Dyadic Green's Function for Quasi-Isotropic Generalized Soft-and-Hard Planar Surface

We propose a design method for a passive polarization agile antenna based on the electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) effect. Benefiting from strong dispersion properties governed by EIT-like effects, the proposed structure can endow electromagnetic waves transmitted through it with quite different polarization states at very close frequencies. The experimental measurement was conducted to demonstrate agile polarization controls by placing a designed EIT-like waveplate in front of a standard microwave horn antenna. Results show that the polarization state of radiated waves by the horn antenna with a waveplate can be easily transformed among linear, circular and elliptical polarizations through fine-tuning the operating frequency, which is extremely important for certain special applications, e.g. electronic countermeasures. Our scheme could also be utilized at higher operating frequencies by the simply scaling principle.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3727/47/41/415006/pdf

Passive polarization agile antenna based on the electromagnetically induced transparency-like effect

The operating principle of the RF MEMS phase shifter is described. Two improved design approaches based on the CPW discontinuities to decrease the return loss are proposed. By using network theory and CST microwave studio simulation tool, the proposed RF MEMS phase shifters are modeled. Simulation results for the two designs are compared and discussed based on the analysis. Simulation results show that less than -10 dB return loss and more than -2 dB insertion loss is achieved for over 1 GHz bandwidth range for the proposed models. At least 6 dB return loss decrease is realized compared with the conventional MEMS phase shifter design methods.

RF characteristics investigation of MEMS phase shifter with CPW discontinuities

In this paper, the electric field oscillations at terahertz range from single-walled metallic armchair carbon nanotubes upon applications of a dipole antenna are presented. A carbon nanotube is considered as an axisymmetric cylinder and modeled using finite integral technique which is especially suited for high frequency electromagnetic radiation. Numerical experiments are performed to study the radial and the longitudinal terahertz wave oscillations. The tendency of scattering coefficient varies with the length of carbon nanotubes are also studied. The results will be useful for analysis and design of a terahertz source based on nano-structure materials.

Qun Wu

Papers

A novel miniaturized frequency selective surface with stable responses

Dyadic Green's Function for Quasi-Isotropic Generalized Soft-and-Hard Planar Surface

Passive polarization agile antenna based on the electromagnetically induced transparency-like effect

RF characteristics investigation of MEMS phase shifter with CPW discontinuities

Terahertz Wave Electric Field Oscillation from Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Antenna