Timothy W. Hand

TL;DR: In high-income countries, overuse of antibiotics, changes in diet, and elimination of constitutive partners, such as nematodes, may have selected for a microbiota that lack the resilience and diversity required to establish balanced immune responses.

TL;DR: Findings reveal a fundamental role for the RA-RARα axis in the development of both regulatory and inflammatory arms of adaptive immunity and establish nutritional status as a broad regulator of adaptive T cell responses.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that Treg cells display broad heterogeneity in their metabolism of glucose within normal and transformed tissues, and can engage an alternative metabolic pathway to maintain suppressive function and proliferation.

TL;DR: It is shown that during a gastrointestinal infection, tolerance to commensals is lost, and microbiota-specific T cells are activated and differentiate to inflammatory effector cells, and these T cells go on to form memory cells that are phenotypically and functionally consistent with pathogen- specific T cells.

TL;DR: It is reported that a single acute infection can have dramatic and long-term consequences for tissue-specific immunity, and persistent disruption of communication between tissues and the immune system following clearance of an acute infection represents an inflection point beyond which tissue homeostasis and immunity is compromised for the long- term.