There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Solid-state electrolytes are attracting increasing interest for electrochemical energy storage technologies. In this Review, we provide a background overview and discuss the state of the art, ion-transport mechanisms and fundamental properties of solid-state electrolyte materials of interest for energy storage applications. We focus on recent advances in various classes of battery chemistries and systems that are enabled by solid electrolytes, including all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries and emerging solid-electrolyte lithium batteries that feature cathodes with liquid or gaseous active materials (for example, lithium–air, lithium–sulfur and lithium–bromine systems). A low-cost, safe, aqueous electrochemical energy storage concept with a ‘mediator-ion’ solid electrolyte is also discussed. Advanced battery systems based on solid electrolytes would revitalize the rechargeable battery field because of their safety, excellent stability, long cycle lives and low cost. However, great effort will be needed to implement solid-electrolyte batteries as viable energy storage systems. In this context, we discuss the main issues that must be addressed, such as achieving acceptable ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability and mechanical properties of the solid electrolytes, as well as a compatible electrolyte/electrode interface. This Review details recent advances in battery chemistries and systems enabled by solid electrolytes, including all-solid-state lithium-ion, lithium–air, lithium–sulfur and lithium–bromine batteries, as well as an aqueous battery concept with a mediator-ion solid electrolyte.

Lithium battery chemistries enabled by solid-state electrolytes

The science and technology of ultracapacitors are reviewed for a number of electrode materials, including carbon, mixed metal oxides, and conducting polymers. More work has been done using microporous carbons than with the other materials and most of the commercially available devices use carbon electrodes and an organic electrolytes. The energy density of these devices is 3¯5 Wh/kg with a power density of 300¯500 W/kg for high efficiency (90¯95%) charge/discharges. Projections of future developments using carbon indicate that energy densities of 10 Wh/kg or higher are likely with power densities of 1¯2 kW/kg. A key problem in the fabrication of these advanced devices is the bonding of the thin electrodes to a current collector such the contact resistance is less than 0.1 cm2. Special attention is given in the paper to comparing the power density characteristics of ultracapacitors and batteries. The comparisons should be made at the same charge/discharge efficiency.

Ultracapacitors: Why, How, and Where is the Technology

羟氨苄青霉素引起大疱性类天疱疮样疹

Note: Times Cited: 875 Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-206025doi:10.1021/cr0501846View record in Web of Science URL: ://WOS:000249839900009 Record created on 2015-03-03, modified on 2017-05-12

Complex Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage

In-situ SiN combined with etch-stop barrier structure for high-frequency AlGaN/GaN HEMT

/pdf/the-characteristics-of-fluorinated-gate-dielectric-algan-gan-8v547zw1is.pdf

The characteristics of fluorinated gate dielectric AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMT

Several square meters of solar cells often need to generate hundreds of watts of electrical power because of the diffusivity of sunlight. Therefore, it is necessary to develop large-area thin-film solar cells to reduce costs.

Thin-Film Solar Cells Based on Amorphous Silicon

Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) has become a serious reliability problem, and the interface traps and oxide charges play an important role in the degradation process. In this paper, we studied the recovery of NBTI systemically at different cycles, and explained the various recovery phenomena and concluded the possible processes occurring in the recovery.

Recovery of PMOSFET NBTI at different cycles

Trapping effect in normally-off Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) high-electron-mobility transistors (MOS-HEMTs) with post-etch surface treatment was studied in this paper. Diffusion-controlled interface oxidation treatment and wet etch process were adopted to improve the interface quality of MOS-HEMTs. With capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurement, the density of interface and border traps were calculated to be 1.13 × 1012 cm−2 and 6.35 × 1012 cm−2, effectively reduced by 27% and 14% compared to controlled devices, respectively. Furthermore, the state density distribution of border traps with large activation energy was analyzed using photo-assisted C–V measurement. It is found that irradiation of monochromatic light results in negative shift of C–V curves, which indicates the electron emission process from border traps. The experimental results reveals that the major border traps have an activation energy about 3.29 eV and the change of post-etch surface treatment process has little effect on this major activation energy.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-1056/ab99bb/pdf

Xiaohua Ma

Papers

In-situ SiN combined with etch-stop barrier structure for high-frequency AlGaN/GaN HEMT

The characteristics of fluorinated gate dielectric AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMT

Thin-Film Solar Cells Based on Amorphous Silicon

Recovery of PMOSFET NBTI at different cycles

Interface and border trapping effects in normally-off Al 2 O 3 /AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMTs with different post-etch surface treatment