There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Solid-state electrolytes are attracting increasing interest for electrochemical energy storage technologies. In this Review, we provide a background overview and discuss the state of the art, ion-transport mechanisms and fundamental properties of solid-state electrolyte materials of interest for energy storage applications. We focus on recent advances in various classes of battery chemistries and systems that are enabled by solid electrolytes, including all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries and emerging solid-electrolyte lithium batteries that feature cathodes with liquid or gaseous active materials (for example, lithium–air, lithium–sulfur and lithium–bromine systems). A low-cost, safe, aqueous electrochemical energy storage concept with a ‘mediator-ion’ solid electrolyte is also discussed. Advanced battery systems based on solid electrolytes would revitalize the rechargeable battery field because of their safety, excellent stability, long cycle lives and low cost. However, great effort will be needed to implement solid-electrolyte batteries as viable energy storage systems. In this context, we discuss the main issues that must be addressed, such as achieving acceptable ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability and mechanical properties of the solid electrolytes, as well as a compatible electrolyte/electrode interface. This Review details recent advances in battery chemistries and systems enabled by solid electrolytes, including all-solid-state lithium-ion, lithium–air, lithium–sulfur and lithium–bromine batteries, as well as an aqueous battery concept with a mediator-ion solid electrolyte.

Lithium battery chemistries enabled by solid-state electrolytes

The science and technology of ultracapacitors are reviewed for a number of electrode materials, including carbon, mixed metal oxides, and conducting polymers. More work has been done using microporous carbons than with the other materials and most of the commercially available devices use carbon electrodes and an organic electrolytes. The energy density of these devices is 3¯5 Wh/kg with a power density of 300¯500 W/kg for high efficiency (90¯95%) charge/discharges. Projections of future developments using carbon indicate that energy densities of 10 Wh/kg or higher are likely with power densities of 1¯2 kW/kg. A key problem in the fabrication of these advanced devices is the bonding of the thin electrodes to a current collector such the contact resistance is less than 0.1 cm2. Special attention is given in the paper to comparing the power density characteristics of ultracapacitors and batteries. The comparisons should be made at the same charge/discharge efficiency.

Ultracapacitors: Why, How, and Where is the Technology

羟氨苄青霉素引起大疱性类天疱疮样疹

Note: Times Cited: 875 Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-206025doi:10.1021/cr0501846View record in Web of Science URL: ://WOS:000249839900009 Record created on 2015-03-03, modified on 2017-05-12

Complex Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage

Corrigendum: The influence of lightly-doped p-GaN cap layer on p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN HEMT (2022 Semicond. Sci. Technol. 37 075005)

Polymer gel electrolyte with addition of fumed silica was prepared by the UV polymerization of methyl methacrylate, oligomer of ethyl glycol dimethacrylate and liquid electrolyte The effect of fumed silica on the cycle efficiency of lithium deposition/striping at stainless steel (SS) electrode was researched by cyclic voltammetry (CV), FTIR and electrochemical AC impedance The addition of fumed silica in the polymer gel electrolyte can enhance the retention ability of liquid electrolyte and it can trap impurities in the polymer gel electrolyte The silica is interactive with carbonyl group (C=O) of the solvent and polymer matrix All of them are beneficial to the cyclic efficiency of lithium deposition/striping at SS electrolyte, which is confirmed in the CV

The effect of fumed silica in the polymer gel electrolyte on the cycle efficiency of lithium deposition/striping process

High Vth and Improved Gate Reliability in P-GaN Gate HEMTs with Oxidation Interlayer

We fabricated relaxed Ge 097 Sn 003 pTFETs on Si(001) The devices show much higher I ON than SiGe, Ge, and compressively strained GeSn planer pTFETs in literatures For the first time, I ON enhancement in GeSn pTFET utilizing uniaxial strain is reported By applying 014% uniaxial tensile strain along channel direction, Ge 097 Sn 003 [110] pTFETs achieve ∼ 10% I ON improvement, over relaxed devices at |V GS − V TH | = |V DS | = 10 V Calculation demonstrates that the reduction of direct E G by tensile strain results in an enhanced G BTBT in GeSn, leading to improvement of I ON in uniaxially tensile strained pTFET

Relaxed Ge 0.97 Sn 0.03 P-channel tunneling FETs with high drive current fabricated on Si and further improvement enabled by uniaxial tensile strain

The lateral AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diode combining floating metal rings (FMR) and P-guard rings (PGR) structures (PGFMR-SBD) is proposed. The forward and reverse characteristics of the PGFMR-SBD are simulated by Silvaco software. The simulation results show that, the breakdown voltage of the PGFMR-SBD can improve to -685V, compared with the conventional SBD of -250 V. Furthermore, in order to analyze the mechanism of the reverse breakdown voltage improvement, the electric field distribution of the PGFMR-SBD is simulated. The result shows that, due to the introduction of p-GaN, the PN junction formed by the p-GaN layer1expands the depletion region at anode edge more effectively than the Schottky junction. Three new electric field peaks appear at PGFMR, and the electric field distribution becomes more uniform in the PGFMR-SBD. Meanwhile, the PGFMR can begin to withstand voltage at lower reverse voltage. Therefore, the electric field concentration effect at the anode edge is alleviated by PGFMR, thus improving the breakdown voltage.

Xiaohua Ma

Papers

Corrigendum: The influence of lightly-doped p-GaN cap layer on p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN HEMT (2022 Semicond. Sci. Technol. 37 075005)

The effect of fumed silica in the polymer gel electrolyte on the cycle efficiency of lithium deposition/striping process

High Vth and Improved Gate Reliability in P-GaN Gate HEMTs with Oxidation Interlayer

Relaxed Ge 0.97 Sn 0.03 P-channel tunneling FETs with high drive current fabricated on Si and further improvement enabled by uniaxial tensile strain

A new lateral AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diode combining with floating metal rings and P-guard rings for high breakdown voltage