Showing papers by "Arizona State University published in 1972"
TL;DR: In this paper, a model for the generation of the calcalkaline suite by partial melting of H,O-rich basalts was presented, and the results of the model substantiate the model for partial melting.
Abstract: Equilibrium H,O pressure (POH.O) was fixed at values less than total pressure (PT) in melting experiments on mixtures of 1921 Kilauea tholeiite, H,O, and CO, (58-5 mole per cent H,O, 41-5 mole per cent CO,), buffered by Ni+NiO. New determinations of the beginning of melting of mixtures of 1921 Kilauea tholeiite and H,O buffered by quartz+ fayalite+magnetite were made at 2 and 3 kb. Microprobe analyses of coexisting glass, clinopyroxene, ±olivine, ;£ amphibole were determined for several runs. Decreasing H,O fugacity (/H,O) to about six-tenths the fugacity of pure H,O ( /H,O) raises the solidus and the upper stability limit of plagioclase. Plagioclase and clinopyroxene coexist in equilibrium with liquid—a feature not observed in the pure H,O system. Amphibole is stable to about 970 °C at 2 kb, 1025 °C at 5 kb and 1060 °C at 8 kb. The Al (VI)+Ti contents of the amphibole increase with P, yielding kaersutite at 1050 °C and 8 kb. Calculated modes for the condensed phases reveal large differences in the amount of glass (liquid) present and large differences in liquid composition below and above the breakdown temperature of amphibole at 5 and 8 kb. Liquids coexisting with amphibole, clinopyroxene, olivine, and magnetite are dacitic near the solidus and silica-rich andesites around 1000 °C at 5 and 8 kb. The results of this study substantiate the model for the generation of the calcalkaline suite by partial melting of H,O-rich basalts.
437 citations
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TL;DR: The theoretical matching law is but one of many possible ways to define utility, and it may eventually be rejected in favor of a more useful definition.
Abstract: The matching law may be viewed either as an empirical generalization, and therby subject to disproof, or as part of a system of equations used to define the utility ("value") of a reinforcer. In the latter case it is tautologous, and not subject to disproof within the defining context. A failure to obtain matching will most often be a signal that the independent variables have not been properly scaled. If, however, the proper transformations have been made on the independent variables, and matching is not obtained, the experimental paradigm may be outside the purview of the matching law. At that point, reinterpretations or revisions of the law are called for. The theoretical matching law is but one of many possible ways to define utility, and it may eventually be rejected in favor of a more useful definition.
242 citations
204 citations
TL;DR: An instrument for the detection of mercury based on the adsorption of elemental mercury vapor on a thin gold film is simple and rapid and requires no chemical separations other than passage of the vapor sample through a few standard dry filters.
Abstract: The adsorption of elemental mercury vapor on a thin (several hundred angstroms) gold film produces resistance changes in the film. An instrument for the detection of mercury based on this phenomenon is simple and rapid and requires no chemical separations other than passage of the vapor sample through a few standard dry filters. The instrument is portable, and the technique is directly applicable to environmental problems and geochemical prospecting. The limit of detection of the prototype instrument is 0.05 nanogram of mercury.
182 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the orientation and shape of the two-dimensional finite strain ellipse, computed from measured bubbles and Y-shaped shards, demonstrates that the long axis parallels the foliation and that there is a close correspondence between the ratio of the principal strains and the bulk density.
Abstract: The foliation in welded tuffs is defined by planar alignment of glass shards, platy crystals, and flattened pumice fragments. The textural features and interrelationships of these elements are clearly the result of the deformation of ash-flow material. The strain involved in developing the alignment can be determined by measuring deformed objects of known original shape. The orientation and shape of the two-dimensional finite strain ellipse, computed from measured bubbles and Y-shaped shards, demonstrates that the long axis parallels the foliation and that there is a close correspondence between the ratio of the principal strains and the bulk density. The measured strain is inhomogeneous on at least two scales. Single cooling units show a regular and continuous vertical variation in deformation: the upper and lower portions are nearly undeformed, whereas the middle portion of the sheet is strongly deformed. On a small scale, the strain varies systematically around rigid lithic fragments and crystals and reaches high ratios at the tops and bottoms of these objects, while pressure shadow zones develop at the sides, which may have complex strain histories. All the lines of evidence point to compaction as the only mechanism involved in the production of the observed characteristic features of the Bishop Tuff, a Pleistocene ash-flow sheet in eastern California. Deformation in the tuff is defined by (1 + e 1 ) = 1.0. During flow and the earliest stages of compaction, pumice lapilli behave as rigid bodies. At about 50 percent porosity, the pumice collapses with the matrix, but at a more rapid rate, and the final forms are flattened in the plane of the foliation. Final shape ratios may reach 25 by simple volume loss; further flattening by essentially volume constant deformation may account for the relatively high mean ratios in fully compacted tuff, and for large ratios reported by others. A comparison of these results with selected specimens of other tuff units and published data strongly suggests that compaction is the dominant mechanism in producing the strong parallel alignment of textural components in all these welded tuffs. In cases where late or postcompactional deformation has also taken place, its effects are superimposed on the earlier compactional features; even so, the results appear to be more closely related to processes in the compactional stage. Extensive flow at or near final tuff densities does not explain most of these features.
96 citations
TL;DR: The NADP + -dependent isocitric dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli E-26 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and partially characterized and exhibited maximum stability at pH 6 and had a broad pH optimum from 7 to 9.
92 citations
88 citations
78 citations
TL;DR: Matching of relative response frequency to relative reinforcement frequency was affected by the relative amounts of time in each component, by rate of changeovers, and by manipulations of the variable-interval scheduling.
Abstract: Pigeons were exposed to alternative pairs of variable-interval schedules correlated with red and green lights on one key (the food key). In one experimental chamber, responses on a white key (the changeover key) changed the color of the food key and initiated a 2-sec changeover delay. Pigeons in a second chamber obtained food by pecking on a colored key whenever the pigeons in the first (concurrent) chamber had obtained food for a peck on that key color. There was no changeover key in the second (multiple) chamber: changeover responses in the first chamber alternated the schedules and colors in both chambers. The pigeons in both chambers emitted the same proportion of responses on each of the variable-interval schedules, and mastered discrimination reversals at the same rate. The pigeons differed only in their absolute response rates, which were greater under the concurrent schedules. In a second experiment, changes in key color occurred automatically, with different proportions of time allocated to the two variable-interval schedules. Matching of relative response frequency to relative reinforcement frequency was affected by the relative amounts of time in each component, by rate of changeovers, and by manipulations of the variable-interval scheduling.
73 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the radiation resistance of a beam is theoretically determined from the total acoustic power radiated into the far field, where the beam is supported in an infinite baffle, with both hinged and clamped supports considered.
Abstract: The radiation resistance of a beam is theoretically determined from the total acoustic power radiated into the farfield. The beam is supported in an infinite baffle, with both hinged and clamped supports considered. Asymptotic solutions are derived for frequencies well below the critical frequency. Curves, covering the entire frequency range between the low‐ and high‐frequency asymptotic solutions, are obtained through numerical integration for the first ten modes of beams with various width‐to‐length ratios. For frequencies well below the critical frequency, the ratio of the radiation resistance of a beam clamped at each end to that of a beam hinged at each end is 0.851 for the first mode, 0.711 for the second mode, and asymptotically approaches 2 as the mode number tends to infinity. For both hinged and clamped supports, the radiation resistance of all modes increases with the beam width‐to‐length ratio.
66 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: This article argued that moral autonomy is not a capacity to choose and not moral autonomy which confers dignity or worth upon persons, and argued that it is moral autonomy and not capacity-to-choose which is worthy on persons.
Abstract: This article is concerned with an examination of the rights and responsibilities of those individuals having what psychoanalysts, psychiatrists, and psychologists call psychopathic, sociopathic, or antisocial personalities. It invokes a Kantian theme, however, because in coming to terms with the concept of psycopathy, one is also forced to come to terms with the question of what it is to be a person with dignity and thereby meriting that special kind of respect which is entailed by a moral commitment to justice rather than mere utility. While the author first addressed this issue in his book Kant: The Philosophy of Right, this article expands further on this issue and constitutes a significant rejection of that book’s arguments. While, in the book, the author argued that it is a capacity to choose and not moral autonomy which confers dignity or worth upon persons, this article reverses that position and argues that it is moral autonomy and not capacity to choose which confers dignity or worthy on persons. No one had articulated a theoretical defense for this position, however, and this article attempts to fill that theoretical gap.
TL;DR: Differences in total chromosome lengths between two karyotypically divergent groups of Peromyscus maniculatus are taken as evidence for an deletion mechanism of chromosomal variation in the species.
Abstract: Differences in total chromosome lengths between two karyotypically divergent groups of Peromyscus maniculatus are taken as evidence for an deletion mechanism of chromosomal variation in the species. The differences may be due in part to variation in the amount of constitutive heterochromatin in the two karyotypes.
TL;DR: A relatively consistent pattern of input to the contralateral striate cortex was observed in the pigmented guinea pigs, while several patterns were seen in the albinos.
TL;DR: In this paper, the infrared data for normal rare earth carbonate hydrates Ln2(CO3)3 ·nH2O(n = 8 from La to Nd; 3 > n > 2 from Sm to Tm) J and hydroxycarbonates H2O (n near 2.0 and n near 0.5) are presented and discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental study of the heat transfer characteristics of impingement into cavities which model the cooled leading edges of gas turbine engine airfoils is presented, including both two-dimensional slot jets and single lines of evenly-spaced circular jets.
Abstract: An experimental study of the heat transfer characteristics of impingement into cavities which model the cooled leading edges of gas turbine engine airfoils is presented. The study includes both two-dimensional slot jets and single lines of evenly-spaced circular jets. For broad cylindrical cavities correlations are given for the maximum heat transfer rates attainable with optimum positioning of the jet nozzle with respect to the cooled surface. For elongated narrow cavities heat transfer rates relative to these maximum values are presented for a variety of cavity shapes.
TL;DR: Yilmia, a new enstatite chondrite, contains moderately well defined radiating and granular chondrules as mentioned in this paper, is a type II (E6) chondite that is transitional toward the intermediate type (E5).
Abstract: Yilmia, a new enstatite chondrite contains moderately well defined radiating and granular chondrules. The plagioclase to enstatite ratio is appreciably higher within than outside of the two granular chondrules in our microprobe sections. Osbornite was observed within the granular chondrules, but not in the rayed chondrules or surrounding matrix
Major phases include enstatite, plagioclase (Ab80 An16 Or4), silica, silicon-rich kamacite and titanian troilite. Minor phases are many and varied: sinoite, silicon-rich taenite, schreibersite, graphite, osbornite, oldhamite, “normal” and zincian daubreelite, ferroan alabandite and a new FeZnMn monosulfide
The new mineral (Fe.538 Zn.246 Mn.159 Mg.004 S) closely resembles albandite and could easily have been overlooked in other meteorites unless a microprobe was used. A new form of oldhamite was also found. Indarch oldhamite, analyzed for comparative purposes, consists of two similar but distinct species: Ca.96 Mn.005 Mg.04 Fe.01 S and Ca1.000 Mn.004 Mg.02 Fe.005 S. These have not been reported from other meteorites
Based on its mineralogy and texture this is a type II (E6) enstatite chondrite that is transitional toward the intermediate type (E5). It is unique in its mineralogical complexity, abundance of taenite, diversity of zincian minerals and monosulfides, and restriction of osbornite to certain chondrules
TL;DR: In this article, the topological distortions of anion nets are considered in simplified terms involving single layers and their stacking, and an attempt is made to provide plausible model mechanisms for some high-pressure transformations.
Abstract: An attempt is made to provide plausible model mechanisms for some high-pressure transformations. Topological distortions of three-dimensional anion nets are considered in simplified terms involving single layers and their stacking. Prototype structures with the same stoichiometry but different cation-coordination numbers are seen to be simply related to one another.
TL;DR: In this paper, annealing of vanadium was investigated in the temperature range 100-300°C using internal friction and resistivity measurements. And the results indicated that the resistivity annealed stage at about 185°C is due to the migration of interstitial oxygen and carbon to radiation-produced defects, possibly small dislocation loops.
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TL;DR: The Colorado Plateau was one of the last areas in the United States to be developed economically as mentioned in this paper, and it was virtually empty except for Indians until the 1880s except for the last few years.
Abstract: The Colorado Plateau was one of the last areas in the United States to be developed economically. Before the 1880s it was virtually empty except for Indians. Today the vast scenic and energy resources of the area are under development, and projections for future development are frightening. Problems of land use management are directly related to the fragmented nature of landholdings. Present methods of consolidation are inadequate, and new approaches to the organization of space must be devised if further degradation of the environment is to be prevented.
TL;DR: The venom apparatus of the scorpion, C. sculpturatus (Ewing) was studied with light and electron microscopy and found that extensive folding in the epithelial layer creates a primitive acinar gland.
Abstract: The venom apparatus of the scorpion, C. sculpturatus (Ewing) was studied with light and electron microscopy. Each of the paired glands is lined by secretory epithelium made up of a single layer of columnar cells. Extensive folding in the epithelial layer creates a primitive acinar gland. The secretory products are either membrane-bound or unbound vesicles with discrete morphologies and are observed in the extruded venom, within the lumen of the gland, and within single secretory cells.
The venom apparatus, including connective tissues, nerve cells, and muscle tunic is described and correlations are made with observations in other Athropods.
TL;DR: In this article, the characterization of the cardiac glycosides by a combination of electron impact and field ionization methods is discussed, with emphasis on the information obtained regarding the sequence of monosaccharide residues.
Abstract: The mass spectrometry of cardenolides is briefly reviewed. Recent developments in the characterization of the cardiac glycosides by a combination of electron impact and field ionization methods are discussed, with emphasis on the information obtained regarding the sequence of monosaccharide residues in the case of oligosaccharide glycosides. Recent efforts to understand the detailed fragmentation behaviour of cardenolide aglycones in terms of their structure and substitution pattern are also discussed.
TL;DR: If the unexplained fission xenon component in meteorites is due to a volatile superheavy element, this element must have had a heat of vaporization of 54 � 3 kilocalories per mole and a normal boiling point of 2500� � 400�K.
Abstract: If the unexplained fission xenon component in meteorites is due to a volatile superheavy element, this element must have had a heat of vaporization of 54 ± 3 kilocalories per mole and a normal boiling point of 2500° ± 400°K. The prime candidates are elements 111 and 115, followed by 113, 114, 112, and 116. Elements 105 to 110 are not volatile enough and can therefore be excluded.
01 Dec 1972
TL;DR: A critical analysis of experimental data for the Nb-H system shows that the partial molar entropy data are best interpreted by assuming a random solution of hydrogen in the metal on one site per metal atom even in concentrated solutions as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A critical analysis of experimental data for the Nb-H system shows that the partial molar entropy data are best interpreted by assuming a random solution of hydrogen in the metal on one site per metal atom even in concentrated solutions. A possible geometrical interpretation of this result is suggested.
Eine kritische Analyse der Versuchsergebnisse fur das Nb-H-System zeigt, daβ die Werte der partiellen molaren Entropie am besten erklart werden konnen durch die Annahme einer statistisch ungeordneten Verteilung des Wasserstoffs im Metall mit einem verfugbaren Gitterplatz pro Metallatom, auch in konzentrierten Losungen. Eine mogliche geometrische Erklarung fur diese Deutung wird vorgeschlagen.
TL;DR: On the basis of histological evaluation an osmo(iono)regulatory role for the interrenal organ is strongly supported, and a relationship between corpuscle of Stannius activity and osmoregulation is also probable, and the influence of temperature and increased gonadal activity in stimulation ofInterrenal tissue appears conclusive.
TL;DR: Comparison of the theoretical CD curves with available experimental data for PLP and PPALP indicate that these polypeptides form right‐handed helices with side‐chain conformations similar to that of PLT, and side-chain nπ* transitions present in POALT and PPNLP were found to have small rotational strength.
Abstract: We have calculated rotational strengths and circular dichroism (CD) curves for sidechain and backbone transitions in poly-L-Phenylalanine (PLP), POLY-p-amino-L-phenylalanine (PPALP), poly-p-chloro-L-phenylalanine (PPCLP), poly-o-acetyl-L-tyrosine (POALT), and poly-p-nitro-L-phenylanine (PPNLP), using methods applied previously to poly-L-tyrosine (PLT). Comparison of the theoretical CD curves with available experimental data for PLP and PPALP indicate that these polypeptides form right-handed helices with side-chain conformations similar to that of PLT. For PPNLP, where experimental data are also available, no conformational assignment could be made, as none of the calculated curves gave good agreement with experiment. Possible reasons for this lack of agreement are discussed. For the other two polypeptides, PPCLP and POALT, although no experimental data are yet available, the calculated curves indicate that an unambiguous assignment should be possible. For the conformations (RA and LA) in which the side chains are packed more loosely, there are strong similarities in the calculated CD curves of a particular conformation, regardless of the para substituent. In the tighter R1 and L1 conformations, few generalizations can be drawn, each derivative having a distinctive pattern. In PLP, PPCLP, and POALT, where the side-chain La band is in the 200–210 nm region, the L1 conformation exhibits a negative nπ* rotational strength, opposite to that expected for a left-handed helix. One must therefore be cautious about assigning the helix sense of aromatic polypeptides on the basis of the sign of the nπ* CD band. Side-chain nπ* transitions present in POALT and PPNLP were found to have small rotational strength.
TL;DR: A general quantum mechanical approach for treating a great number of rate processes is developed and the temperature dependence of the rate constants is discussed.
Abstract: A general quantum mechanical approach for treating a great number of rate processes is developed and the temperature dependence of the rate constants is discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared five previously employed numerical methods for the solution of Orr-Sommerfeld problems and to a new method, the differential method of near-orthonormalized integration.
Abstract: Five previously employed numerical methods for the solution of Orr–Sommerfeld problems have been compared to each other and to a new method, the differential method of near-orthonormalized integration. Brief summaries of each method are included. The comparison, based on seven factors, reflects the results of an implementation of a computer program for each method for the classic Orr–Sommerfeld problem of plane Poiseuille flow. This comparison shows that the new method and the algebraic finite difference method are currently the best available numerical solution methods for the problems in this class, with the new method being less problem dependent.