Showing papers by "Banaras Hindu University published in 1987"
TL;DR: In this paper, a review dealing with the forest vegetation of the Himalaya with emphasis on: paleoecological, phytogeographical, and phytosociological aspects of vegetation; structural and functional features of forest ecosystem; and relationship between man and forests.
Abstract: This review deals with the forest vegetation of the Himalaya with emphasis on: paleoecological, phytogeographical, and phytosociological aspects of vegetation; structural and functional features of forest ecosystem; and relationship between man and forests.
356 citations
TL;DR: Two new acylsterylglucosides were isolated from the roots of Withania somnifera Dun.
Abstract: Two new acylsterylglucosides, sitoindoside VII and sitoindoside VIII, were isolated from the roots of Withania somnifera Dun., and were screened for putative anti-stress activity because the plant is widely regarded as the ‘Indian Ginseng’ by practitioners of the traditional Indian system of medicine. Since an acceptable paradigm of pharmacological tests for anti-stress screening has yet to be evolved, a battery of tests were employed to delineate the activity of the test compounds.
The total MeOH-H2O (1:1) extractives of the roots of W. somnifera (SG-1) and equimolecular combination of sitoindosides VII, VIII and withaferin-A, a common withanolide, (SG-2), exhibited significant anti-stress activity in all the test parameters used. The two sitoindosides also produced per se anti-stress activity, which was potentiated by withaferin-A. A preliminary acute toxicity study indicated that the compounds have a low order of acute toxicity. The anti-stress activity of SG-1 and SG-2 is consonant with the therapeutic use of W. somnifera in the Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine.
129 citations
TL;DR: In vitro clonal propagation of guava ‘Banaras local’ was achieved by culturing nodal explants of mature trees on Murashige and Skoog with a revised medium supplemented with 4.5 μM 6-benzyladanine alone or in combination with either 0.6 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or 0.3 μM gibberellic acid (GA3).
Abstract: In vitro clonal propagation of guava ‘Banaras local’ was achieved by culturing nodal explants of mature trees on Murashige and Skoog (MS) revised medium supplemented with 4.5 μM 6-benzyladanine (BA) alone or in combination with either 0.6 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 0.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or 0.3 μM gibberellic acid (GA3). Multiple shoots were induced to form by enhancement of axillary branching and BA (4.5 μM) without any auxin and gibberellin was found to give best shoot multiplication rate. In this medium 3–6 shoots developed on explants collected from field-grown plants and 5–10 shoots developed on explants taken from in vitro proliferated shoots within 12 wk of culture. A prior transfer of shoot clumps to a medium containing a lower concentration of BA (0.5 μM) before harvesting of cuttings for rooting allowed rapid extension growth and increased the number of usable shoots per culture. Adventitious rooting occurred after subculturing excised shoots on a medium containing 1/2 strength MS salts, 1.5% sucrose, 1 μM each of IBA and α-naphtha-leneacetic acid (NAA), and 1 gl-1 activated charcoal. Regenerated plantlets were successfully established on soil.
110 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the removal of Cd(II) by adsorption on fly ash has been found to be contact time, concentration, temperature and pH dependent, and the process of removal follows first order adsorization kinetics and the rate controlling step is intrap article transport into the pores of fly ash particles.
Abstract: The removal of Cd(II) by adsorption on fly ash has been found to be contact time, concentration, temperature and pH dependent. The process of removal follows first order adsorption kinetics and the rate controlling step is intrap article transport into the pores of fly ash particles. The equilibrium nature of Cd(II) adsorption at different temperatures has been described by the Langmuir isotherm. The temperature dependence of Cd(II) adsorption on fly ash indicates the exothermic nature of adsorption. Alkaline aqueous medium favours the removal of Cd(II) by fly ash. The increase in adsorption of Cd(II) with pH has been explained on the basis of surface complex formation approach.
109 citations
TL;DR: Electron donation by reduced glutathione was insensitive to DCMU and Cu(2+, indicating that the action site of Cu( 2+) is prior to its electron donation site, and the phenanthroline reversal ofCu(2+) inhibition of Hill activity suggested a tentative action site at the level of cytochrome.
Abstract: Addition of 5 micromolar Cu2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ was inhibitory to 10 micromolar H2O2-supported Hill activity (dichlorophenolindophenol reduction) and O2 evolution in membrane preparation from Anacystis nidulans. The reversal of Cd2+ and Zn2+ inhibition, in contrast to Cu2+, by exogenously added catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) suggested that the former cations were inhibitory to H2O2 degradation. Ascorbic acid (20 micromolar) supported 27% of the Hill activity which was insensitive to DCMU (10 micromolar) and the remaining activity, attributable to the DCMU sensitive process, was sensitive to inhibition by Cu2+ only. It is suggestive that the action site of Cd2+ and Zn2+ is located between the electron donation sites of H2O2 and ascorbic acid, while that of Cu2+ is located beyond it. Electron donation by reduced glutathione was insensitive to DCMU and Cu2+, indicating that the action site of Cu2+ is prior to its electron donation site. Further, the phenanthroline (10 micromolar) reversal of Cu2+ inhibition of Hill activity suggested a tentative action site of Cu2+ at the level of cytochrome.
92 citations
TL;DR: A compartment model of dry matter on the basis of mean data across sites was developed to show dry matter storage and flow of dry Matter within the ecosystem.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a no-pair formalism employing external field projection operators correct to second order in the one-particle potential is used to calculate the potential curves in the neighborhood of the equilibrium geometry for the ground state X1Σ+ and the first excited state A1π+ of the AgH molecule, thereby determining equilibrium bond length and harmonic frequencies for these species.
Abstract: A no-pair formalism employing external field projection operators correct to second order in the one-particle potential is used to calculate the potential curves in the neighborhood of the equilibrium geometry for the ground state X1Σ+ and the first excited state A1Σ+ of the AgH molecule, thereby determining equilibrium bond length and harmonic frequencies for these species. We report all electron calculations in the self consistent field (SCF) approximation and on configuration interaction (CI) level, for the non-relativistic hamiltonian operator as well as for its spin-free relativistic counterpart. The SCF results for the bond length of the ground state (rel. 169.2 pm, non-rel. 176.2 pm) are in good agreement with earlier all-electron Dirac-Hartree-Fock (DHF) calculations, and the CI results (rel. 162.1 pm, non-rel. 169.7 pm) show the relativistic contribution to the bond length contraction including correlation and can be compared with the experimental value of 161.8 pm.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a clustering analysis of the like and cross-polarized scattering cross sections,?HHo and?HVo, and the H polarized emissivity?H, has been used to identify distinct microwave sea-ice signatures for each ice type and to trace the evolution of these signatures with region and season.
Abstract: Ku-band (13.3 GHz) scatterometer and K-band (19.4 GHz) radiometer data acquired by the CCRS CV-580 aircraft over the period from 1979 to 1982 in Canadian and Danish (Greenland) coastal waters have been analyzed to determine the seasonal and regional variations of microwave sea-ice signatures. A clustering analysis of the like and cross-polarized scattering cross sections, ?HHo and ?HVo, and the H polarized emissivity ?H, has been used to identify distinct microwave sea-ice signatures for each ice type and to trace the evolution of these signatures with region and season. Ice-type signatures in the high Arctic under cold conditions are quite stable, and major ice classes are readily identified from microwave measurements. Under warmer conditions the signatures change with the structure, moisture content of the snow pack, and with the free water in the surface layers of the underlying ice. An attempt is made to create a consistent picture of the microwave signature transformation by grouping the data into " seaice seasons" (snow and ice surface transformation stages). The separation between microwave ice-class signatures reaches a minimum at the peak of the summer melt.
76 citations
TL;DR: In a comparison of reactions to expressed emotions, schizophrenics identified the extreme expressions of emotions significantly better than the least extreme ones, whilst depressives and controls were uninfluenced by those factors.
Abstract: In a comparison of reactions to expressed emotions, 48 schizophrenics, 40 depressives, and 50 nonpatient controls were asked to identify the extreme and the least extreme expressions of six emotions. Schizophrenics identified the extreme expressions of emotions significantly better than the least extreme ones, whilst depressives and controls were uninfluenced by those factors. In a second task, groups were asked to judge the degree of expressiveness within the photographs of each emotion. Depressives' judgments were more consistent and closer to those of controls, as compared to schizophrenics' judgments.
67 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the discrete longitudinal dielectric support bars for a TWT helical slow-wave structure of either of the circular and rectangular cross sections have been analyzed using the theoretical approach of smoothing out the supports azimuthally into a large number of dielectrics of their respective effective permittivity values.
Abstract: The discrete longitudinal dielectric support bars for a TWT helical slow-wave structure of either of the circular and rectangular cross sections have been analyzed using the theoretical approach of smoothing out the supports azimuthally into a large number of dielectric tubes of their respective effective permittivity values. The number of such tubes is increased to a very large value in order to ensure converging results for better theoretical predictions. The method has been applied to study the dispersion characteristics of a helix in a metal envelope. The method has a special significance for better results for high-permittivity supports, large helix-to-envelope separation and high operating frequencies. The theoretical predictions are also compared with experimental values available elsewhere. The theoretical method suggested is general and is applicable to arbitrarily shaped support bars as well as to both glass/ceramic and metal envelopes.
54 citations
TL;DR: Happy and neutral expressions were chosen, while fearful and angry expressions were rejected by neurotic and control subjects, and Schizophrenics were largely inconsistent in their choice.
Abstract: Schizophrenics, anxious-neurotics, and nonpatient controls were asked to recognize facial affect in photographs depicting six emotions and a neutral expression. The time elapsed between presentation of the photograph and response to it was also noted. Schizophrenics were significantly less accurate at judging the expressed affect and had the largest mean response time compared to others. Preference to interact with the type of affect expressions was also analyzed. Happy and neutral expressions were chosen, while fearful and angry expressions were rejected by neurotic and control subjects. Schizophrenics were largely inconsistent in their choice.
TL;DR: It is suggested that banana treatment increased and aspirin decreased the gastric mucosal resistance as evidenced by a respective decrease and increase in gastric juice DNA, the latter serving as an index of the rate of mucosal shedding.
TL;DR: Sex steroids were measured in plasma and ovaries of the catfish, Clarias batrachus, mainly over the course of their annual reproductive cycle, and Ovarian levels of sex steroids were always lower than plasma levels, indicating low storage and rapid secretion.
TL;DR: In this article, the forest canopy, biomass, and basal tree-trunk cover, of an area of about 200,000 ha, comprising 10 subcatchments in the Indian Central Himalaya, were mapped by employing aerial photographs and non-destructive field sampling.
Abstract: The forest canopy, biomass, and basal tree-trunk cover, of an area of about 200,000 ha, comprising 10 subcatchments in the Indian Central Himalaya, were mapped by employing aerial photographs and non-destructive field sampling. This method provides basic information on the current forest land-use and biomass for enlightened environmental planning and conservation. Regression equations developed to describe predictive relationships between crown-cover and basal tree-trunk cover; biomass and crown-cover; basal tree-trunk cover and bole biomass; and basal tree-trunk cover and total above-ground biomass, for different forests occurring in the area, should prove of value for future ecological studies in the Central Himalaya.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that shoot tip explants from mature trees are capable of forming multiple shoots and addition of activated charcoal showed beneficial effects on rooting percentages and plantlet growth.
TL;DR: Antagonism between Fusarium udum Butler causing wilt of pigeon-pea and the saprophytic microflora of the root region of the host was studied with reference to colony interaction, hyphal interference, volatile and non-volatile metabolites and staling growth products.
Abstract: Antagonism betweenFusarium udum Butler causing wilt of pigeon-pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) and the saprophytic microflora of the root region of the host was studied with reference to colony interaction, hyphal interference, volatile and non-volatile metabolites and staling growth products. Studies were extended to screen potential antagonists against the wilt pathogen in soil.
TL;DR: Drugs with a potent anti-dopaminergic character caused a preovulatory gonadotropin surge, which seems to be independent of their anti-serotonergic properties.
TL;DR: There were extremely high level of FFA in liver, plasma, ovary and muscle throughout the annual reproductive cycle in C. batrachus, and FFA appears to be the main lipid metabolite which had a very high turnover.
Abstract: The levels of free fatty acid (FFA), monoglyceride (MG), diglyceride (DG), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL), free cholesterol (CF) and esterified cholesterol (CE) were measured in the liver, plasma, ovary, abdominal fat and muscle during different phases of the annual reproductive cycle in femaleClarias batrachus. During the preparatory phase, hepatic lipogenic activity predominated over mobilization and consumption. In the prespawning season, an increased hepatic lipogenic activity was maintained, but lipids were transferred from the liver to the ovary. In the spawning phase, the diminished food intake, and enhanced caloric demand for spawning behaviour and activity limited hepatic lipogenic activity, and TG lypolysis was increased as was the production of more FFA. Maximum accumulation of vitellogenin, as reflected by maximum rise in ovarian PL titre was characteristic of this phase. Marked reductions in ovarian lipid occurred during the postspawning phase. In the resting phase, there was a recovery of lipogenic activity, but PL synthesis was still inhibited. In contrast to other investigated teleosts, there were extremely high level of FFA in liver, plasma, ovary and muscle throughout the annual reproductive cycle inC. batrachus. FFA appears to be the main lipid metabolite which had a very high turnover. As evidenced by the high TG content, abdominal fat seems to be the main fat depot, not the liver and muscle.
TL;DR: Compartment models for nutrient dynamics have been developed to represent the distribution of nutrient contents and net annual fluxes within the system and ranged between 0·40-0·64 and 1·56-2·50 year, respectively.
TL;DR: It is suggested that Hg 2+ inhibited photosynthesis at the very initial stage, and photosynthetic 0 2 -evolution is more sensitive to H g 2+ -stress than 14 CO 2 -uptake, and Hg2+ ions predominantly attack the action sites of Mn 2+ and ATP generating steps of photosynthesis in the cyanobacteria.
TL;DR: There is a positive correlation between mating activity and fertility in D. ananassae and the data suggest that the males are more subject to intrasexual selection.
Abstract: Mating propensity and fertility were studied in five laboratory strains of Drosophila ananassae which were established from single females collected from different geographical localities. The results show statistically significant variation among different isofemale lines with respect to mating propensity and fertility. The strains showing greater sexual activity produce more progeny. Thus, there is a positive correlation between mating activity and fertility in D. ananassae. The comparison of mating frequencies of strains and their hybrids reveals the existence of heterosis and reciprocal effects. The data suggest that the males are more subject to intrasexual selection.
TL;DR: The findings suggest that the giant cells are formed as a result of the fusion of spermatids due to alterations in the intercellular bridges, and the orientation of acrosomes, nuclei, and organelles for formation of the tail in the Giant cells is related to the polarity of the sPermatids.
Abstract: Multinucleated giant cells in the mouse testis after ligation of the efferent duct were examined by light and electron microscopy. The findings suggest that the giant cells are formed as a result of the fusion of spermatids due to alterations in the intercellular bridges. Further, the orientation of acrosomes, nuclei, and organelles for formation of the tail in the giant cells is related to the polarity of the spermatids.
TL;DR: The strong conservation of its inducible properties, of the organisation rather than the primary DNA base sequence and of the pattern of heat shock transcripts of 93D locus in the genusDrosophila point to important but hitherto little understood functions of this locus.
Abstract: One of the major heat shock induced genes ofDrosophila melanogaster is located in the 93D6-7 bands of polytene chromosomes. The 93D locus shows many unique and intriguing features which are reviewed here. This locus is induced selectively and independently of the other heat shock loci by very diverse agents. The heat shock inducibility of this locus shows a remarkable dependence on the developmental history of the organism, its genetic background and other specific inducers of 93D. In all species ofDrosophila so far tested, one of the major heat shock loci is also selectively induced by the same set of 93D inducers and thus this locus is conserved in the genus. However, cloning and molecular characterisation of the primary DNA base sequence of the 93D ofD. melanogaster and the 93D-like locus ofD. hydei (the 2–48C locus) reveal that except for certain small stretches, the primary DNA base sequence of this locus has diverged rapidly. Interestingly, the structural organisation of the 93D ofD. melanogaster and 2–48C ofD. hydei is remarkably similar-both have a 5’ unique sequence followed on the 3’ end by a long stretch of a species-specific repetitive sequence apparently unique to the locus. Heat shock in both cases induces 3 major transcripts: a long 10–12 kb RNA covering the 5’ unique and 3’ repeat part, a 1.9–2.0 kb RNA complementary to the 5’ unique part and a 1.2 kb transcript which lacks the 0.7 kb “intron” of the 2 kb RNA. None of the transcripts in either species has any appreciable open reading frames, and other evidence also suggests that the 93D or 2–48C loci do not code for any polypeptide. Functions of 93D or 93D-like loci remain uncertain although the locus is essential for ecdysone-induced differentiation of imaginal disks and viability of flies. Strong evidence exists that the activity pattern of the 93D heat shock locus inD. melanogaster distinctly influences heat shock puffing of the 87C locus, one of the two duplicate loci carrying the coding sequences for the major 70 kd heat shock polypeptide; presently available evidence suggests that this effect on 87C puffing is mediated via the mid-repetitive and heat-inducibleas sequences residing at the 87C locus. The strong conservation of its inducible properties, of the organisation rather than the primary DNA base sequence and of the pattern of heat shock transcripts of 93D locus in the genusDrosophila point to important but hitherto little understood functions of this locus. The structure of its transcripts may have vital regulatory roles.
TL;DR: The higher dose levels of melatonin showed the initiation of counter inhibitory impacts on testosterone and T3, T4 levels, and the melatonin acted more effectively than 5‐MT.
Abstract: Melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine have been studied in the freshwater teleost Clarias batrachus during the prespawning period. The data have provided evidence of the inhibitory effects on sex steroids and thyroid hormones when the pineal indoleamines melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT) are administered intramuscularly daily in the afternoon for 27 days. The different dose levels had different effects. The higher dose levels of melatonin showed the initiation of counter inhibitory impacts on testosterone and T3, T4 levels. The melatonin acted more effectively than 5-MT.
TL;DR: In this article, a chemical bath deposition technique was used to obtain n-CdS and lithium-doped CdS films, which apparently decreases the band gap and lowers the resistivity.
TL;DR: In this article, a helix, supported by a number of longitudinal dielectric support rods of circular cross section enclosed in a glass/dielectric tube envelope, is field analyzed for dispersion characteristics, treating the support rods as a continuous homogeneous Dielectric of an effective permittivity suitably interpreted in terms of the support parameters.
Abstract: A helix, supported by a number of longitudinal dielectric support rods of circular cross section enclosed in a glass/dielectric tube envelope, is field analyzed for dispersion characteristics, treating the support rods as a continuous homogeneous dielectric of an effective permittivity suitably interpreted in terms of the support parameters. Measurements are made on two typical structures in two different frequency bands for dispersion characteristics. The experimental observations agree very closely with the theoretical prediction when the effect of the finiteness of the helix-wire thickness is taken into consideration in the analysis. A calculation of interaction impedance adds a relevance to the problem.
TL;DR: In both sexes, esterification of free fatty acids to acyl glycerides and their mobilization from liver to gonads seemed to be restricted as a result of pesticides action, while various lipid fractions responded differently to two concentrations of the pesticides.
TL;DR: The structure of withaminimin, a new ergostane-type steroid from Physalis minima, was established by spectral analysis and chemical transformations, as (20S,22R)-15α-acetoxy-5α,6β,14α-trihydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,16,24-trienolide.
TL;DR: Influence de la compressibilite du fluide loge dans les degagements sur les caracteristiques dynamiques d'un palier a segments en tenant compte de la rotation de l'arbre as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Influence de la compressibilite du fluide loge dans les degagements sur les caracteristiques dynamiques d'un palier a segments en tenant compte de la rotation de l'arbre
TL;DR: Thyroid peroxidase activity in the pharyngeal thyroid tissue, along with the extra-thyroidal conversion of T(4) into T(3) were measured in a freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis and malathion was found to stimulate TPO activity during the in vitro experiments but to inhibit it in the in vivo study.