Institution
Blackburn College
Education•Carlinville, Illinois, United States•
About: Blackburn College is a education organization based out in Carlinville, Illinois, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Tuberculosis. The organization has 2271 authors who have published 2010 publications receiving 38185 citations.
Topics: Population, Tuberculosis, Health care, Aortic dissection, Percutaneous coronary intervention
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1,193 citations
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TL;DR: A separation between health effects, morbidity and mortality, and similar to what has been shown in rodents, study design, husbandry and diet composition may strongly affect the life-prolonging effect of CR in a long-lived nonhuman primate is suggested.
Abstract: Calorie restriction (CR), a reduction of 10–40% in intake of a nutritious diet, is often reported as the most robust non-genetic mechanism to extend lifespan and healthspan. CR is frequently used as a tool to understand mechanisms behind ageing and age-associated diseases. In addition to and independently of increasing lifespan, CR has been reported to delay or prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases in a variety of animals. Beneficial effects of CR on outcomes such as immune function, motor coordination and resistance to sarcopenia in rhesus monkeys have recently been reported. We report here that a CR regimen implemented in young and older age rhesus monkeys at the National Institute on Aging (NIA) has not improved survival outcomes. Our findings contrast with an ongoing study at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), which reported improved survival associated with 30% CR initiated in adult rhesus monkeys (7–14 years) and a preliminary report with a small number of CR monkeys. Over the years, both NIA and WNPRC have extensively documented beneficial health effects of CR in these two apparently parallel studies. The implications of the WNPRC findings were important as they extended CR findings beyond the laboratory rodent and to a long-lived primate. Our study suggests a separation between health effects, morbidity and mortality, and similar to what has been shown in rodents, study design, husbandry and diet composition may strongly affect the life-prolonging effect of CR in a long-lived nonhuman primate.
979 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the sources of DOC adsorption on two proposed waste-site soils are defined, and the chemical mechanisms operative during the adaption process are specified. But the results of the experiments were limited to the two soils, which was related to their contrasting indigenous organic matter contents and mineralogies.
Abstract: (…) In this study, the sources of DOC adsorption on two proposed waste-site soils are defined, and the chemical mechanisms operative during the adsorption process are specified. Adsorption isotherms for the two soils determined at constant pH, ionic strength (I), and temperature indicated that DOC adsorption increased with increasing soil profile depth. Different adsorption capacities were exhibited by the two soils, however, which was related to their contrasting indigenous organic matter contents and mineralogies. (…)
625 citations
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TL;DR: This poster discusses the management of Hypoxaemia and Cardiac arrhythmias with a focus on the treatment of the former and the importance of knowing the signs and symptoms of the latter.
Abstract: ### Monitoring, precautions and complications
### Hypoxaemia
### Cardiac arrhythmias
### Bleeding complications
541 citations
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The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust1, Institute of Cancer Research2, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust3, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre4, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust5, University of Leeds6, Queen's University Belfast7, Musgrove Park Hospital8, Blackburn College9, University of Southampton10, Royal Sussex County Hospital11, Western General Hospital12, Royal Lancaster Infirmary13, Cardiff University14
TL;DR: The TOPARP-B trial aims to prospectively validate the association between DDR gene aberrations and response to olaparib in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer by recruiting participants from 17 UK hospitals and following follow-up for a period of 24·8 months.
Abstract: Summary Background Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is enriched in DNA damage response (DDR) gene aberrations. The TOPARP-B trial aims to prospectively validate the association between DDR gene aberrations and response to olaparib in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Methods In this open-label, investigator-initiated, randomised phase 2 trial following a selection (or pick-the-winner) design, we recruited participants from 17 UK hospitals. Men aged 18 years or older with progressing metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with one or two taxane chemotherapy regimens and with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or less had tumour biopsies tested with targeted sequencing. Patients with DDR gene aberrations were randomly assigned (1:1) by a computer-generated minimisation method, with balancing for circulating tumour cell count at screening, to receive 400 mg or 300 mg olaparib twice daily, given continuously in 4-week cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Neither participants nor investigators were masked to dose allocation. The primary endpoint of confirmed response was defined as a composite of all patients presenting with any of the following outcomes: radiological objective response (as assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1), a decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of 50% or more (PSA50) from baseline, or conversion of circulating tumour cell count (from ≥5 cells per 7·5 mL blood at baseline to ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT01682772 . Recruitment for the trial has completed and follow-up is ongoing. Findings 711 patients consented for targeted screening between April 1, 2015, and Aug 30, 2018. 161 patients had DDR gene aberrations, 98 of whom were randomly assigned and treated (49 patients for each olaparib dose), with 92 evaluable for the primary endpoint (46 patients for each olaparib dose). Median follow-up was 24·8 months (IQR 16·7–35·9). Confirmed composite response was achieved in 25 (54·3%; 95% CI 39·0–69·1) of 46 evaluable patients in the 400 mg cohort, and 18 (39·1%; 25·1–54·6) of 46 evaluable patients in the 300 mg cohort. Radiological response was achieved in eight (24·2%; 11·1–42·3) of 33 evaluable patients in the 400 mg cohort and six (16·2%; 6·2–32·0) of 37 in the 300 mg cohort; PSA50 response was achieved in 17 (37·0%; 23·2–52·5) of 46 and 13 (30·2%; 17·2–46·1) of 43; and circulating tumour cell count conversion was achieved in 15 (53·6%; 33·9–72·5) of 28 and 13 (48·1%; 28·7–68·1) of 27. The most common grade 3–4 adverse event in both cohorts was anaemia (15 [31%] of 49 patients in the 300 mg cohort and 18 [37%] of 49 in the 400 mg cohort). 19 serious adverse reactions were reported in 13 patients. One death possibly related to treatment (myocardial infarction) occurred after 11 days of treatment in the 300 mg cohort. Interpretation Olaparib has antitumour activity against metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with DDR gene aberrations, supporting the implementation of genomic stratification of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in clinical practice. Funding Cancer Research UK, AstraZeneca, Prostate Cancer UK, the Prostate Cancer Foundation, the Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres Network, and the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres.
386 citations
Authors
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Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Jerry W. Shay | 133 | 639 | 74774 |
Austin Smith | 111 | 301 | 63156 |
Huan Liu | 110 | 727 | 57903 |
Woodring E. Wright | 109 | 356 | 53087 |
Elizabeth H. Blackburn | 108 | 344 | 50726 |
Tim M. Blackburn | 92 | 320 | 33755 |
San Ping Jiang | 85 | 528 | 26619 |
Alex Fornito | 75 | 240 | 21733 |
Andrew G Renehan | 63 | 269 | 18791 |
Stephen J Walters | 62 | 282 | 13857 |
Bernd Schnabl | 60 | 190 | 14233 |
Sukhvinder P.S. Badwal | 49 | 167 | 8671 |
James J. Watkins | 48 | 193 | 6494 |
Christopher Leckie | 47 | 365 | 9879 |
Alexander E. P. Heazell | 47 | 285 | 7250 |