Institution
Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
Other•Harrogate, United Kingdom•
About: Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland is a other organization based out in Harrogate, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Euphrasia & Biodiversity. The organization has 9 authors who have published 33 publications receiving 1725 citations. The organization is also known as: Botanical Society of the British Isles.
Topics: Euphrasia, Biodiversity, Vegetation, Population, Species richness
Papers
More filters
••
University of Vienna1, University of Oldenburg2, Zoological Society of London3, University College London4, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources5, Lincoln University (New Zealand)6, Free University of Berlin7, Leibniz Association8, University of Auckland9, Stellenbosch University10, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic11, Charles University in Prague12, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens13, University of Fribourg14, University of Sassari15, University of Porto16, Sapienza University of Rome17, Durham University18, University of Konstanz19, University of Concepción20, Charles Darwin Foundation21, CABI22, University of Göttingen23, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ24, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg25, United States Forest Service26, Bielefeld University27, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland28, Environment Agency29, National Museum of Natural History30, Institut national de la recherche agronomique31, University of Silesia in Katowice32
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a database of 45,813 first records of 16,926 established alien species and showed that the annual rate of first records worldwide has increased during the last 200 years, with 37% of all first records reported most recently (1970-2014).
Abstract: Although research on human-mediated exchanges of species has substantially intensified during the last centuries, we know surprisingly little about temporal dynamics of alien species accumulations across regions and taxa. Using a novel database of 45,813 first records of 16,926 established alien species, we show that the annual rate of first records worldwide has increased during the last 200 years, with 37% of all first records reported most recently (1970-2014). Inter-continental and inter-taxonomic variation can be largely attributed to the diaspora of European settlers in the nineteenth century and to the acceleration in trade in the twentieth century. For all taxonomic groups, the increase in numbers of alien species does not show any sign of saturation and most taxa even show increases in the rate of first records over time. This highlights that past efforts to mitigate invasions have not been effective enough to keep up with increasing globalization.
1,301 citations
••
University of Vienna1, University College London2, Zoological Society of London3, Stellenbosch University4, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources5, Lincoln University (Pennsylvania)6, Leibniz Association7, Free University of Berlin8, University of Auckland9, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic10, Charles University in Prague11, University of Konstanz12, Taizhou University13, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology14, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens15, University of Fribourg16, University of Oldenburg17, Scion18, University of Sassari19, Universidade Nova de Lisboa20, University of Porto21, Charles Darwin Foundation22, Durham University23, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology24, University of Concepción25, University of Hong Kong26, CABI27, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ28, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg29, United States Forest Service30, Bielefeld University31, University of Bern32, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland33, Environment Agency34, Smithsonian Institution35, Institut national de la recherche agronomique36, University of Silesia in Katowice37, Landcare Research38, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization39
TL;DR: Using a global database of the first regional records of alien species covering the years 1500–2005, a surprisingly high proportion of species in recent records that have never been recorded as alien before are detected.
Abstract: Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history Emerging alien species—those never encountered as aliens before—therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dynamics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide Even after many centuries of invasions the rate of emergence of new alien species is still high: One-quarter of first records during 2000–2005 were of species that had not been previously recorded anywhere as alien, though with large variation across taxa Model results show that the high proportion of emerging alien species cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known drivers such as the amount of imported commodities from historically important source regions Instead, these dynamics reflect the incorporation of new regions into the pool of potential alien species, likely as a consequence of expanding trade networks and environmental change This process compensates for the depletion of the historically important source species pool through successive invasions We estimate that 1–16% of all species on Earth, depending on the taxonomic group, qualify as potential alien species These results suggest that there remains a high proportion of emerging alien species we have yet to encounter, with future impacts that are difficult to predict
382 citations
••
University of Cambridge1, Stellenbosch University2, Zoological Society of London3, Natural History Museum4, Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland5, Coventry University6, National University of Distance Education7, Open University8, British Trust for Ornithology9, Veterinary Laboratories Agency10, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom11, CABI12, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science13, University of Sussex14, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland15
TL;DR: The aim was to consider IAS that were likely to impact on native biodiversity but were not yet established in the wild in Great Britain, and a novel extension of the consensus method for horizon scanning was developed which coupled consensus methods with rapid risk assessment.
Abstract: Invasive alien species (IAS) are considered one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, particularly through their interactions with other drivers of change. Horizon scanning, the systematic examination of future potential threats and opportunities, leading to prioritization of IAS threats is seen as an essential component of IAS management. Our aim was to consider IAS that were likely to impact on native biodiversity but were not yet established in the wild in Great Britain. To achieve this, we developed an approach which coupled consensus methods (which have previously been used for collaboratively identifying priorities in other contexts) with rapid risk assessment. The process involved two distinct phases:
1. Preliminary consultation with experts within five groups (plants, terrestrial invertebrates, freshwater invertebrates, vertebrates and marine species) to derive ranked lists of potential IAS.
2. Consensus-building across expert groups to compile and rank the entire list of potential IAS.
Five hundred and ninety-one species not native to Great Britain were considered. Ninety-three of these species were agreed to constitute at least a medium risk (based on score and consensus) with respect to them arriving, establishing and posing a threat to native biodiversity. The quagga mussel, Dreissena rostriformis bugensis, received maximum scores for risk of arrival, establishment and impact; following discussions the unanimous consensus was to rank it in the top position. A further 29 species were considered to constitute a high risk and were grouped according to their ranked risk. The remaining 63 species were considered as medium risk, and included in an unranked long list. The information collated through this novel extension of the consensus method for horizon scanning provides evidence for underpinning and prioritizing management both for the species and, perhaps more importantly, their pathways of arrival. Although our study focused on Great Britain, we suggest that the methods adopted are applicable globally.
232 citations
••
TL;DR: In this article, R.J.W. and I.M.D. were funded by Natural England and by NERC grant NE/L00268X/1 to investigate the effect of noise levels on the performance of an underwater robot.
Abstract: The work was funded by Natural England and by NERC grant NE/L00268X/1 to R.J.W. and I.M.D.M.
217 citations
••
TL;DR: It is found that species’ population change has been most strongly impacted by intensive management of agricultural land and by climatic change and a novel, flexible framework is presented that reviews evidence for the relative importance of these drivers of change and uses it to explain recent alterations inspecies’ populations.
Abstract: Action to reduce anthropogenic impact on the environment and species within it will be most effective when targeted towards activities that have the greatest impact on biodiversity. To do this effectively we need to better understand the relative importance of different activities and how they drive changes in species’ populations. Here, we present a novel, flexible framework that reviews evidence for the relative importance of these drivers of change and uses it to explain recent alterations in species’ populations. We review drivers of change across four hundred species sampled from a broad range of taxonomic groups in the UK. We found that species’ population change (~1970–2012) has been most strongly impacted by intensive management of agricultural land and by climatic change. The impact of the former was primarily deleterious, whereas the impact of climatic change to date has been more mixed. Findings were similar across the three major taxonomic groups assessed (insects, vascular plants and vertebrates). In general, the way a habitat was managed had a greater impact than changes in its extent, which accords with the relatively small changes in the areas occupied by different habitats during our study period, compared to substantial changes in habitat management. Of the drivers classified as conservation measures, low-intensity management of agricultural land and habitat creation had the greatest impact. Our framework could be used to assess the relative importance of drivers at a range of scales to better inform our policy and management decisions. Furthermore, by scoring the quality of evidence, this framework helps us identify research gaps and needs.
66 citations
Authors
Showing all 9 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Jan Pergl | 61 | 186 | 16439 |
Kevin J. Walker | 34 | 77 | 5081 |
David Pearman | 12 | 16 | 1728 |
Peter Stroh | 7 | 11 | 214 |
Chris Metherell | 4 | 8 | 34 |
T. Humphrey | 1 | 1 | 13 |
Pete Stroh | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Andy Mclay | 1 | 1 | 3 |
A Richards | 1 | 1 | 3 |