Showing papers by "Carleton University published in 1970"
TL;DR: In this article, the optically active phonons can be separated into two groups; in one group (above 300 cm−1) the internal vibrations of (R.E.-O6) octahedrons are preponderant, whereas in the other group (below 200 cm− 1) the translational motions of these octahedral and the R.E. ions are dominant.
Abstract: Laser-excited Raman spectra have been observed in single crystals of Y2O3, Y2O3(Eu3+), Er2O3, and YB2O3 at 10, 80, and 300 K. In Y2O3(Eu3+) the symmetries of the excited levels have been determined. The optically active phonons can be separated into two groups; in one group (above 300 cm−1) the internal vibrations of (R.E.-O6) octahedrons are preponderant, whereas in the other group (below 200 cm−1) the translational motions of these octahedrons and the R.E. ions are dominant. In Y2O3(Eu3+) electronic transitions (2F0 → 2F2) of the Eu ions in C3i-site symmetry have been observed and the symmetries of the crystal-field-split levels have been determined. Other effects, which may also be attributed to electronic Raman transitions, have been observed in Er2O3 and Yb2O3.
131 citations
TL;DR: A light microscopic study has been made of the origin and development of lateral roots inea mays and found that cells derived from the parent pericycle form most of the young lateral but its epidermis and root cap are composed of cells of endodermal origin.
Abstract: A light microscopic study has been made of the origin and development of lateral roots inZea mays. The initiation of a lateral occurs adjacent to a xylem pole and involves an increase in cytoplasmic basophilia and subsequent divisions of cells of the pericycle and the parenchyma of the stele of the mother root. Cells derived from the parent pericycle form most of the young lateral but its epidermis and root cap are composed of cells of endodermal origin. Two different types of polysaccharides are secreted by cells of the young lateral root. One type which is PAS-positive and non-metachromatic, is produced by the epidermal cells, while the other type, metachromatic and only slightly PAS-positive, is secreted by the root cap cells.
120 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that given any ϵ > 0 there exists c0 > 0 such that | L(u, v) − (12π −2 log 2) log v | log v) 1 2 +ϵ for all except at most x 2 exp {−c 0 ( log x) ϵ 2 } of the pairs u, v with 1 ≤ u ≤ v ≤ x.
92 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that an extended structure of this type is also optimum for the completely general case of M multiplexed PAM signals transmitted over random-time and frequency-dispersive multichannel systems with I inputs and N outputs, where each output is subjected to arbitrarily correlated additive noise.
Abstract: It is well known that the optimum receiver for pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) signals, transmitted over a single channel, consists of a cascade of continuous and transversal filters. It is shown that an extended structure of this type is also optimum for the completely general case of M multiplexed PAM signals transmitted over random-time and frequency-dispersive multichannel systems with I inputs and N outputs, where each output is subjected to arbitrarily correlated additive noise. The random channels may also be arbitrarily correlated. In general, the receiver consists of MN continuous filters and M tapped delay lines with M2sets of taps. An adaptive version is also described. The results include, as special cases, the situations considered by Gonsalves and Tufts [8], Shnidman [5], and Kaye [3]. Also, included as special cases are new results for diversity systems, multi-input systems such as multipair cables, and multiple-terminal systems such as multiple access repeaters in which cochannel interference occurs.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived the magnetic anisotropy screening and the electric field screening effect of the CO group in a complete series of monoketo-androstanes, including the values of the anisotropies of the CO double bond and of K, a parameter descriptive of the electric screening effect.
84 citations
TL;DR: Results of such studies suggest that the acidic polysaccharides form the bulk of the extracellular matrices of the seaweeds and that some neutral poly Saccharides such as cellulose, polyxylans, and polymannans are found in the cell walls proper.
Abstract: Even a casual hand section made from any of the large marine algae will show that extracellular material occupies much of the volume of the tissue. Studies of the growth and development of these plants should, therefore, include consideration not only of the cellular components but also of the formation and organization of the extracellular material since it is obviously involved in the development and maintenance of form at both the tissue and the whole organism level. Surprisingly few such studies have been made. I t is generally known (based mainly on gross chemical studies) that the extracellular materials of the seaweeds are polysaccharides. Some of these (notably alginic acid and carrageenan) are of considerable economic importance and this has stimulated much research on the chemical structure of these compounds and recently there has been interest in their biosynthesis.' Again, probably because of economic interest, some research has been done on the influence of environment and season on the polysaccharide composition and content of the seaweeds 2-5 and there is a little data available on variation in polysaccharide content between young and mature plants and between various regions of plants.2 But such information is sparse and confined to a few species. The results of chemical studies show that most of the marine algal polysaccharides can be classified as one of three types: neutral polysaccharides (e.g., starch, laminarin, and cellulose), polyuronides '( e.g., alginic acid) or polysaccharides containing sulfate esters (e.g., carrageenan and fucoidan) . A few algal polysaccharides (e.g., ascophyllan) contain both uronic acid residues and sulfate esters. Although studies based on gross extractions yield information about the chemical structure and the relative amounts of the polysaccharides present, they can only give a very general idea as to where these are located in the tissue. Results of such studies suggest that the acidic polysaccharides form the bulk of the extracellular matrices of the seaweeds and that some neutral polysaccharides such as cellulose, polyxylans, and polymannans are found in the cell walls proper. The literature contains only a few accounts of attempts to specifically localize marine algal polysaccharides by any method. Outstanding among these have been studies using physical techniques. These include the use of x-ray diffraction by Preston's group for the identification of celluloses, polyxylans, and polymannans, and the use of polarized light for the localization of alginic acid and cellulose.8 When used in conjunction with rather drastic extraction procedures the x-ray diffraction technique allows identification of specific polysaccharides, but the method precludes their accurate localization in intact tissue. The viewing of sections with polarized light does facilitate the localization of
69 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of the phonon spectra of several rare earth aluminum garnet crystals was made and the conclusion drawn is that the Raman Spectra with shifts >400 cm−1 can be interpreted in terms of motions associated with AlO4-tetrahedrons of symmetryS4.
Abstract: A comparison is made of the phonon spectra of several rare earth aluminum garnet crystals. The conclusion drawn is that the Raman Spectra with shifts >400 cm−1 can be interpreted in terms of motions associated with AlO4-tetrahedrons of symmetryS4. Phonon modes associated with the movements of the rare earth ions could also be assigned and the frequency dependence of these modes could be correlated to the apparent change in environment of the rare earth ions in the aluminum garnet crystals when the radii of the ions decrease.
36 citations
TL;DR: The structural geometry is the result of four episodes of deformation (F 1 -F 4 ) with most major folds belonging to the second or third episodes as discussed by the authors, but slides of the F 1 episode are not ruled out.
Abstract: Synopsis The structural geometry is the result of four episodes of deformation (F 1 –F 4 ), with most major folds belonging to the second or third episodes. Major F 1 folds are probably absent (on stratigraphical evidence) but slides of the F 1 episode are not ruled out. Complex F 2 geometries—with curvilinear axes, and antiforms which turn into synforms when traced along traces—are found where F 2 folds are ‘folded’ by F 3 folds, and also remote from F 3 fold hinges. Intense inhomogeneous flattening explains these features, and it is considered that this flattening may be part of the second, rather than the third deformation. In the prevailing high-temperature conditions, the amount of flattening seems to be a function of rock-type and it is possible to distinguish between the simpler structures in thick psammites and the more complicated, highly flattened, structures in pelitic/striped rocks. The major rock units probably represent a stratigraphic sequence, from bottom to top, 1. Morar Division, 2. Glenfinnan Division and 3. Loch Eil Division.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Dahl et Milbrath asume que les citoyens disposent d'un certain nombre de possibilites qu'ils peuvent consacrer a la participation politique and that le type des activites politiques dans lesquelles ils vont accepter de sengaging sera defini d'apres the concordance de leurs possibiliites avec les exigences specifiques of ces activites; exigence qui component diverses '' dimensions » Ces
Abstract: La litterature relative a la participation politique a fourni a l'auteur le cadre theorique de son etude sur le sujet au Canada Conformement aux suggestions de Dahl et Milbrath, l'auteur asume que les citoyens disposent d'un certain nombre de possibilites qu'ils peuvent consacrer a la participation politique et que le type des activites politiques dans lesquelles ils vont accepter de s'engager sera defini d'apres la concordance de leurs possibilites avec les exigences specifiques de ces activites; exigences qui component diverses « dimensions » Ces concepts et cadre d'analyse ont ete utilises par l'auteur dans son etude de la participation des Canadiens a la campagne electorale de 1965On a trouve que le statut socio-economique, de meme que les ecarts dans le revenu et l'education, constituaient des variables virtuellement universelles pour tous les types d'activite electorate et que, en consequence, de larges secteurs de la population canadienne ne contribuent pas a la vie du systeme politique du Canada De meme, on a remarque que les dimensions (ou caracteristiques) d'une activite electorate determinent le degre de correlation qui peut etre observe entre cette activite et la classe socialeCertaines variables politiques sont importantes pour determiner la participation probable d'un citoyen Les Canadiens qui s'identifient avec un parti en particulier sont plus actifs que les non-partisans ; les membres des partis NDP et Credit social le sont davantage que ceux des partis plus anciensC'est l'attitude d'une personne a l'egard du systeme politique qui rend le mieux compte de sa participation Si le sens de l'efficacite a de l'importance, il est paradoxal par contre d'observer que plus une personne est active moins cet objectif est, pour elle, determinant C'est le niveau de l'interet qu'une personne porte a la politique qui s'est avere la variable la plus importante quant a la probabilite de la participationCe dernier point, de concert avec les autres resultats de cette recherche, suggerent que la culture politique des canadiens en est une de « spectateur-participant » Il est a craindre, si les « leaders » politiques ignorent ce fait et n'y ajustent pas leur action, que la vie politique du Canada ne se « depolitise »; une telle conjoncture, couplee avec les exigences croissantes des classes sociales moins favorisees, pourrait engendrer une situation politique hautement instable
31 citations
TL;DR: The giant cells of the petiolar hairs of Heracleum mantegazzianum contain cytoplasmic fibres that are readily visible with phase contrast or interference contrast optics and are believed to be the living image of similar fibres reported in electron micrographs.
Abstract: The giant cells of the petiolar hairs of Heracleum mantegazzianum contain cytoplasmic fibres that are readily visible with phase contrast or interference contrast optics. These fibres are associated with saltatory particle movement and protoplasmic streaming in this cell and are believed to be the living image of similar fibres reported in electron micrographs of a variety of cell types.
30 citations
TL;DR: The brain temperature of trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) was altered by perfusion of the gills with warm or cool water, and neurons responded to an increase in temperature with increased activity.
Abstract: The brain temperature of trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) was altered by perfusion of the gills with warm or cool water. Neuronal activity was recorded with microelectrodes. Twelve neurons responded to an increase in temperature with increased activity, and five neurons responded to a decrease in temperature with an increase in activity.
TL;DR: Highβ-glucosidase activity has been demonstrated histochemically in the epidermis, and outer cortex of the root meristem, and in the peripheral cells along the flanks of theRoot cap.
Abstract: Highβ-glucosidase activity has been demonstrated histochemically in the epidermis, and outer cortex of the root meristem, and in the peripheral cells along the flanks of the root cap. Low enzyme activity is found in the central part of the root cap and in the developing stele. Enzyme activity increases in cells just before they elongate and declines after elongation. Theβ-glucosidase activity is located peripherally in the cells and usually occurs in the form of networks of strands and particles.
TL;DR: High levels of naphthol AS-B 1 phosphatase activity have been localized in the main and lateral root meristems of pea and corn and it is concluded that this enzyme is involved in the differentiation of the lateral root itself.
Abstract: High levels of naphthol AS-B 1 phosphatase activity have been localized in the main and lateral root meristems of pea and corn. The highest activity in the primordia of each species occurs in the root cap and epidermis although all cells of the meristem show activity. Activity in the main root meristem is compared with that in the lateral root and it is concluded that this enzyme does not facilitate penetration of the lateral root through the parent cortex but rather that it is involved in the differentiation of the lateral root itself.
TL;DR: The primary leaf blades of Cacurbita were exposed to 14CO2 for 15 s at different temperatures between 0 and 55° and the assimilation, metabolism, and translocation of 14C studied for periods of 5 min to 1 h, and the rate of incorporation was significantly reduced at the lower temperatures.
Abstract: The primary leaf blades of Cacurbita were exposed to 14CO2 for 15 s at different temperatures between 0 and 55° and the assimilation, metabolism, and translocation of 14C studied for periods of 5 min to 1 h. There was little significant change in net assimilation between 15 and 45°, but at 10° or lower and at 55° there was an appreciable decrease. The qualitative pattern of 14C incorporation into the ethanol-soluble fraction of the blade remained undisturbed by a temperature change from 0 to 45° but the rate of incorporation was significantly reduced at the lower temperatures. Sucrose, stachyose, and raffinose were predominantly labeled throughout except at 55° when 14C-malate predominated. Translocation from the blade was more sensitive to temperature change. At 15° and below, movement became restricted. At 5° or lower, and at 55° transport was almost completely inhibited. Between 25 and 45° there was little change in transport rate. Sucrose, stachyose, and raffinose were the major compounds translocated...
TL;DR: The results suggest that the effect of septal lesions in an approach-avoidance situation is determined, to a considerable degree, by post-operative approach training whereas the effects of hippocampal lesions appear to interact with pre-operatively determined set.
TL;DR: Developmental stages of wheat striate mosaic virus (WSMV) were observed in thin sections of infected wheat plants suggesting that virions can mature in a linear series with alternate particles developing in opposite directions.
TL;DR: In this article, the symmetry of some of the states of the ions in this crystal has been determined and the justification of the cubic and tetragonal approximations of the crystal field in this compound is discussed.
Abstract: Electronic Raman transitions of ${\mathrm{Tb}}^{3+}$ in ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{5}$${\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ (garnet) within the $^{7}F_{6}$ ground-state components and to the excited states of the $^{7}F_{5}$ components have been observed. From the polarization properties of the Raman transitions, the symmetry of some of the states of the ${\mathrm{Tb}}^{3+}$ ions in this crystal has been determined. A Zeeman-Raman experiment has been performed. Relations between the observed components of the scattering tensors of cubic symmetry and the tensors for transitions of the ions in the orthorhombic site symmetry have been established. Based on these results, the justification of the cubic and tetragonal approximations of the crystal field in this compound is discussed.
TL;DR: The findings indicate that Tiger salamanders may be usefully employed in experiments on learning, particularly paleocortical contributions to learning.
TL;DR: In this article, a second-order nonlinear model of steel refining in an electric are furnace is formulated and optimized, and the existence of an optimal singular arc is found more precisely by directly applying necessary conditions for such an arc.
Abstract: A second-order nonlinear model of steel refining in an electric are furnace is formulated and optimized. Iterative computation using steepest descent shows the existence of an optimal singular arc, which is then found more precisely by directly applying necessary conditions for such an arc. When a soft (penalty-function) constraint on state is replaced by a hard constraint, a state-constrained arc is found which corresponds directly to the singular arc. The dependence of the singular arc on problem parameters is explored.
TL;DR: In this article, the existence of identities and approximate identities in A1 ⊗αA2 versus their existence in A 1 and A 2 was studied and a method of proof was proposed.
Abstract: Let A1, A2 be Banach algebras, A1 ⊗ A2 their algebraic tensor product over the complex field. If ‖ · ‖α is an algebra norm on A1 ⊗ A2 we write A1 ⊗αA2 for the ‖ · ‖α-completion of A1 ⊗ A2. In this note we study the existence of identities and approximate identities in A1 ⊗αA2 versus their existence in A1 and A2. Some of the results obtained are already known, but our method of proof appears new, though it is quite elementary.
TL;DR: The confidence measure did prove to be a stable index of response uncertainty even in those cases where the subjective probability distribution departed from the objective distribution and did not show a systematic relation to variations in accuracy of processing.
Abstract: The effects of variations in accuracy of information processing on confidence in decision were explored within a complex decision task. Ss were exposed to a series of decision problems under different time-pressure conditions and were required to make a choice and a confidence rating in the case of each problem. Problems varied in terms of response uncertainty and relative amount of information. The confidence measure was significantly affected by the response uncertainty and amount of information variables, but did not show a systematic relation to variations in accuracy of processing. The confidence measure did prove to be a stable index of response uncertainty even in those cases where the subjective probability distribution departed from the objective distribution.
TL;DR: ' (Horst, 1966; Burkheimer, Zimmerman and Williams, 1967) p is the constant probability of guessing correctly, N is the number of test items, is the mean score, and s is the variance of the scores.
Abstract: ' (Horst, 1966; Burkheimer, Zimmerman and Williams, 1967). Here p is the constant probability of guessing correctly, N is the number of test items, is the mean score, and s : is the variance of the scores. This simple result does not allow for certain possibilities which may arise in testing procedures. Specifically, the probability of guessing correctly when an answer is not known may vary from one item to another and from one examinee to another. It appears reasonable to suppose that both these kinds of variation may occur in a testing situation, partly due perhaps to elimination of varying numbers of wrong choices on items which are not known. An-, other cause might be omission of items by some examinees or;
TL;DR: In this article, the phonon Raman spectra of isomorphous single crystals of LaCl 3, CeCl 3, NdCl 3 and EuCl 3 have been investigated.
TL;DR: In addition to articles, the section includes bibliographies, notes on ongoing and projected research and review symposia, and readers are invited to submit articles or provide information about work in the field.
Abstract: In addition to articles, the section includes bibliographies, notes on ongoing and projected research and review symposia. Readers are invited to submit articles or provide information about work in the field. La section que nous arons ouverte dans le numiro de février est coiisacrie à des articles qui, par 1’eniploi des concepts et l’utilisation des données, permettent d’approfondir notre connaissance des micanisnies et fonctions propres aux sciences sociales dans divers contextes socio-econonriques et politiques, et dans difJérentes phases de développement. Notre but est de contribuer à la difinition des perspec°
TL;DR: The following new taxa are described: Cioeotus farri n.
Abstract: Notes and records are given for the species in the nine subfamilies of Scarabaeidae occurring on Jamaica. New records for Jamaica include Ataenius scabrelloides Pet. and Ataenius havanensis Balth. in the Aphodiinae, and Hybosorus illigeri Reiche in the Hybosorinae. The following new taxa are described: Cioeotus farri n. sp. and Cloeotus pecki n. sp. in the Acanthocerinae; Anomala sandersoni n. sp. in the Rutelinae; Stenocrates beckeri n. sp., Calypsoryctes dynastoides n. g., n. sp., and Epiphileurus jamaicensis n. sp. in the Dynastinae. Reasons are given for considering the deletion of at least four names from the lists of Jamaican Scarabaeidae.
TL;DR: In this article, the positions of the low lying levels of trivalent cobalt ion in Co(NH 4 ) 2 SO · 6H 2 O have been identified on the basis of measurement of the scattering tensor and their temperature dependent intensity.
TL;DR: In this article, a study of the distributions of metallic atoms in their ground electronic state when an aqueous or an organic solvent containing the metal present in the solution in various combined forms is sprayed into various flames used in atomic absorption spectroscopy was made.