Chaminade University of Honolulu

About: Chaminade University of Honolulu is a education organization based out in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Experiential learning. The organization has 164 authors who have published 223 publications receiving 5381 citations.

The garrison state revisited: civil–military implications of terrorism and security

Abstract: Lasswell’s original vision of the garrison state was spurred by the increasing militarization of states in the industrial age. The advent of the Cold War seemed to confirm Lasswell’s predictions. In the post-industrial age, conventional warfare and the attendant mobilization of societies seem less probable, but the changing threat of terrorism may lead to a variation of Lasswell’s construct. While states no longer appear likely to evolve into a system of armed camps directed at one another, this article argues that the threat of terrorism may necessitate the garrisoning of society and enhance the role of military and police organizations, as Lasswell warned.

Glycoconjugate organization of enteromorpha (=ulva) flexuosa and ulva fasciata (chlorophyta) zoospores(1).

Abstract: Ecologically successful algae that colonize natural and artificial substrates in the marine environment have distinct strategies for opportunistic dispersal and settlement. The objective of this research was to visualize molecular architecture of zoospores from Enteromorpha (=Ulva) flexuosa (Wulfen) J. Agardh and Ulva fasciata Delile that coexist but alternate in dominance on an intertidal bench. Multiple fluorescent lectins were used to stabilize and probe for diverse zoospore glycoconjugates (GC) that could be involved in cell and substrate interactions. Results from epifluorescence microscopy showed distinct cellular and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) domains of GC relative to settlement morphologies. Glycoconjugates were similar for both species with (1) α-d mannose and/or glucose moieties localized on flagella, the anterior domes and anterior regions, the plasma membranes, and EPS; (2) α-fucose localized on flagella and anterior regions; (3) N or α,s-N acetylglucosamine localized on flagella, the anterior regions, and EPS; and (4) varied N-acetylgalactosamine and/or galactose moieties localized on each domain for both species excluding the plasma membranes. Some differences in lectin binding were observed for each species at the flagella, the anterior domes, and the plasma membranes. Glycoconjugate distributions shifted with morphological changes that followed initial adhesion. TEM of E. flexuosa zoospore stages following carbohydrate-stabilizing fixations and gold-conjugated lectin probes resolved GC with α-d mannose and/or glucose, and/or N-acetylglucosamine at the plasma membrane, ER and diverse vesicles of the anterior pole, EPS, and discontinuous regions or knobs associated with flagellar surfaces. The distinct distribution and diversity of zoospore GC may be central to recognition and attachment on diverse substrata by these algae.

Placental profiling of UGT1A enzyme expression and activity and interactions with preeclampsia at term

Abstract: Placental UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes have critical roles in hormone, nutrient, chemical balance and fetal exposure during pregnancy. Placental UGT1A isoforms were profiled and differences between preeclamptic (PE) and non-PE placental UGT expression determined. In third trimester villous placenta, UGT1A1, 1A4, 1A6 and 1A9 were expressed and active in all specimens (n = 10), but UGT1A3, 1A5, 1A7, 1A8 and 1A10 were absent. The UGT1A activities were comparable to human liver microsomes per milligram, but placental microsome yields were only 2 % of liver (1 mg/g of tissue vs. 45 mg/g of tissue). For successful PCR, placental collection and processing within 60 min from delivery, including DNAse and ≥300 ng of RNA in reverse transcription were essential and snap freezing in liquid nitrogen immediately was the best preservation method. Although UGT1A6 mRNA was lower in PE (P < 0.001), there were no other significant effects on UGT mRNA, protein or activities. A more comprehensive tissue sample set is required for confirmation of PE interactions with UGT. Placental UGT1A enzyme expression patterns are similar to the liver and a detoxicative role for placental UGT1A is inferred.

Translation of a One-Dimensional to a Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Method with Dual-Channel Detection for Volatile Organic Compound Measurement in Forensic Applications.

Abstract: After its introduction in the early 1990s, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) has evolved from a separation science research tool to the central component of many industries. Despite the maturity of the technique, some fields remain reluctant to its use in routine applications. In the case of forensic science, some constraints are the strict requirements enforced in forensic laboratories and the time and effort that must be invested for intralaboratory method validation. Concerns may also arise about whether information could be lost when transitioning to a new technique. This study reports on a method translation from conventional one-dimensional (1D) GC to GC×GC, ensuring the integrity of data as conversion is made. The GC was retrofitted with a reverse fill/flush (RFF) flow modulator and equipped with dual-channel detection using a quadrupole mass spectrometer (qMS) and a flame ionization detector (FID). The parallel use of two detectors, where qMS was applied for qualitative identification and FID for quantification, allowed higher flows and slightly wider peaks to be exploited for the analysis of a volatile organic compound (VOC) reference mixture relevant to forensic VOC profiling. Peak quality assessment and calibration curves using GC-qMS and GC×GC-qMS/FID document the transfer and adaptation of the original method without a loss in data quality. Furthermore, the preprocessing and the data analysis processing steps, including calibration and peak quality assessment for each of the three data sets, are explained in detail. This information provides benchmark data for routine laboratories that want to implement a GC×GC approach into routine workflows.