Showing papers by "Deutsche Telekom published in 2013"

Qualinet White Paper on Definitions of Quality of Experience

Abstract: This White Paper is a contribution of the European Network on Quality of Experience in Multimedia Systems and Services, Qualinet (COST Action IC 1003, see www.qualinet.eu), to the scientific discussion about the term "Quality of Experience" (QoE) and its underlying concepts. It resulted from the need to agree on a working definition for this term which facilitates the communication of ideas within a multidisciplinary group, where a joint interest around multimedia communication systems exists, however approached from different perspectives. Thus, the concepts and ideas cited in this paper mainly refer to the Quality of Experience of multimedia communication systems, but may be helpful also for other areas where QoE is an issue. The Network of Excellence (NoE) Qualinet aims at extending the notion of network-centric Quality of Service (QoS) in multimedia systems, by relying on the concept of Quality of Experience (QoE). The main scientific objective is the development of methodologies for subjective and objective quality metrics taking into account current and new trends in multimedia communication systems as witnessed by the appearance of new types of content and interactions. A substantial scientific impact on fragmented efforts carried out in this field will be achieved by coordinating the research of European experts under the catalytic COST umbrella. The White Paper has been compiled on the basis of a first open call for ideas which was launched for the February 2012 Qualinet Meeting held in Prague, Czech Republic. The ideas were presented as short statements during that meeting, reflecting the ideas of the persons listed under the headline "Contributors" in the previous section. During the Prague meeting, the ideas have been further discussed and consolidated in the form of a general structure of the present document. An open call for authors was issued at that meeting, to which the persons listed as "Authors" in the previous section have announced their willingness to contribute in the preparation of individual sections. For each section, a coordinating author has been assigned which coordinated the writing of that section, and which is underlined in the author list preceding each section. The individual sections were then integrated and aligned by an editing group (listed as "Editors" in the previous section), and the entire document was iterated with the entire group of authors. Furthermore, the draft text was discussed with the participants of the Dagstuhl Seminar 12181 "Quality of Experience: From User Perception to Instrumental Metrics" which was held in Schlos Dagstuhl, Germany, May 1-4 2012, and a number of changes were proposed, resulting in the present document. As a result of the writing process and the large number of contributors, authors and editors, the document will not reflect the opinion of each individual person at all points. Still, we hope that it is found to be useful for everybody working in the field of Quality of Experience of multimedia communication systems, and most probably also beyond that field.

A measurement-based study of MultiPath TCP performance over wireless networks

Abstract: With the popularity of mobile devices and the pervasive use of cellular technology, there is widespread interest in hybrid networks and on how to achieve robustness and good performance from them. As most smart phones and mobile devices are equipped with dual interfaces (WiFi and 3G/4G), a promising approach is through the use of multi-path TCP, which leverages path diversity to improve performance and provide robust data transfers. In this paper we explore the performance of multi-path TCP in the wild, focusing on simple 2-path multi-path TCP scenarios. We seek to answer the following questions: How much can a user benefit from using multi-path TCP over cellular and WiFi relative to using the either interface alone? What is the impact of flow size on average latency? What is the effect of the rate/route control algorithm on performance? We are especially interested in understanding how application level performance is affected when path characteristics (e.g., round trip times and loss rates) are diverse. We address these questions by conducting measurements using one commercial Internet service provider and three major cellular carriers in the US.

A multilayer cost model for metro/core networks

Abstract: A capital expenditure model is a key requirement to evaluate multilayer (ML) metro and core network architectures. Based on the Internet protocol/multiprotocol label switching (IP/MPLS), MPLS-transport profile, optical transport network and WDM technology, a detailed capital expenditure model developed by researchers from system vendors and network operators is introduced. Besides current equipment and corresponding prices for the different layers, it also contains predictions for technology evolution and pricing until 2018. We show how to determine the price of anML node by constructing it from components specified in the cost model. We use the model in a case study where we benchmark the price of an integrated IP/MPLS/WDM solution.

System for detection of mobile applications network behavior-netwise

Abstract: The invention is a system for protecting mobile devices in cellular networks from unauthorized harmful applications and for protecting cellular network infrastructure from targeted or benign overloads. The system comprises mobile cellular devices and a cellular network infrastructure. Some of the mobile devices comprise an application manager, which is adapted to manage the aggregation and learning processes, and a detection manager, which is adapted to analyze network behavior and detect deviations. The application manager and the detection manager are adapted to monitor the applications running on a device, learn the patterns of mobile applications network behavior and detect meaningful deviations from the application's observed normal behavior. The cellular network infrastructure comprises a services module, a logic module, and a database access unit adapted for aggregation and analysis of an application's network traffic patterns for numerous users.

IT Tools for Foresight: The Integrated Insight and Response System of Deutsche Telekom Innovation Laboratories

Abstract: In this article we present and discuss the IT tools that Deutsche Telekom Innovation Laboratories use to support their corporate foresight activities. These tools are integrated into an approach that encompasses the discovery of change, interpretation, and triggering managerial responses. The overall system consists of a tool for scanning for weak signals on change (PEACOQ Scouting Tool), a tool for collecting internal ideas (PEACOQ Gate 0.5), and a tool for triggering organizational responses (Foresight Landing page). Particularly the link to innovation management and R&D strategy is discussed in detail. We further report on the value creation and lessons learned that have accumulated over the last eight years throughout which the tools and approach have been built gradually.

Transmission of 200 G PDM-CSRZ-QPSK and PDM-16 QAM With a SE of 4 b/s/Hz

Abstract: We have realized the first field transmission of 8 × 216.8-Gb/s Nyquist wavelength-division-multiplexing (N-WDM) signals over 1750-km G.652 fiber consisting of 950-km real and 800-km lab fibers with erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)-only amplification. The average loss per span is 21.6 dB. Each channel is modulated with 54.2-Gbaud (216.8-Gb/s) polarization-division-multiplexing carrier-suppressed return-to-zero quadrature-phase-shift-keying (PDM-CSRZ-QPSK) data on a 50-GHz grid giving a record spectral efficiency (SE) of 4 b/s/Hz. Digital post filtering and 1-bit maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) are introduced into the offline digital signal processing (DSP) at the receiver to suppress noise, linear crosstalk and filtering effects. We have also investigated the co-transmission of 200 G PDM-CSRZ-QPSK and 200 G PDM 16-ary quadrature-amplitude-modulation (PDM-16 QAM) signals on a 50-GHz grid, and found that PDM-CSRZ-QPSK signals have better bit-error-rate (BER) performance for both back-to-back and 700-km transmission cases. Meanwhile, PDM-16 QAM signals are subject to larger crosstalk from the neighboring Nyquist QPSK channels.

Unifying Cloud and Carrier Network: EU FP7 Project UNIFY

Abstract: Telecom providers struggle with low service flexibility, increasing complexity and related costs. Although "cloud" has been an active field of research, there is currently little integration between the vast networking assets and data centres of telecom providers. UNIFY considers the entire network, from home networks up to data centre, as a "unified production environment" supporting virtualization, programmability and automation and guarantee a high level of agility for network operations and for deploying new, secure and quality services, seamlessly instantiatable across the entire infrastructure. UNIFY focuses on the required enablers and will develop an automated, dynamic service creation platform, leveraging fine-granular service chaining. A service abstraction model and a proper service creation language and a global orchestrator, with novel optimization algorithms, will enable the automatic optimal placement of networking, computing and storage components across the infrastructure. New management technologies based on experience from DCs, called Service Provider DevOps, will be developed and integrated into the orchestration architecture to cope with the dynamicity of services. The applicability of a universal node based on commodity hardware will be evaluated in order to support both network functions and traditional data centre workloads, with an investigation of the need of hardware acceleration.

Offloading mobile data from cellular networks through peer-to-peer WiFi communication: A subscribe-and-send architecture

Abstract: Currently cellular networks do not have sufficient capacity to accommodate the exponential growth of mobile data requirements. Data can be delivered between mobile terminals through peer-to-peer WiFi communications (e.g. WiFi direct), but contacts between mobile terminals are frequently disrupted because of the user mobility. In this paper, we propose a Sub-scribe-and-Send architecture and an opportunistic forwarding protocol for it called HPRO. Under Subscribe-and-Send, a user subscribes contents on the Content Service Provider (CSP) but does not download the subscribed contents. Some users who have these contents deliver them to the subscribers through WiFi opportunistic peer-to-peer communications. Numerical simulations provide a robust evaluation of the forwarding performance and the traffic offloading performance of Subscribe-and-Send and HPRO.

Comparison of PAM and CAP Modulation Schemes for Data Transmission Over SI-POF

Abstract: An experimental comparison of multilevel modulation schemes for polymer optical fiber (POF) transmission systems is shown in this letter. The performance of a non-return-to-zero, pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM), and carrierless amplitude phase (CAP) modulation was tested under the different conditions, including various link lengths and fiber-coupled power. As an optical transmitter, the commercial laser diode operating at 655 nm was used. A maximum bit rate of 5 Gb/s over 50-m 1-mm step-index POF link was achieved with 16-CAP modulation format at +6 dBm fiber-coupled power and a bit-error ratio of 10-3. Over 100 m, a maximum bit rate of 3.4 Gb/s was realized with 4-PAM.

Comparison of Modulation Schemes for 10.7 Gb/s Transmission Over Large-Core 1 mm PMMA Polymer Optical Fiber

Abstract: The authors give an overview of experimental results on 10.7 Gb/s over large-core 1 mm polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) polymer optical fiber (POF). The comparison starts with simple non-return-to-zero (NRZ) transmission without equalization. Next, measurement results with feed-forward-, decision -feedback equalization (FFE, DFE) and maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) are presented. Finally, experimental results with more advanced modulation schemes like pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and discrete multitone (DMT) modulation are investigated. The experiments were carried out with a Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) at 0 dBm to comply with consumer eye-safety regulation or with a 10 mW laser diode (LD) that could be used in active optical cables.

Method and apparatus for network and service controlled hybrid access

Abstract: A method for network controlled optimization of hybrid access traffic management for a residential user connected via a hybrid access home gateway, which provides at least two different network links with different technology to a core network, wherein the core network has a connection to the internet, wherein in the core network a Hybrid Access Server is located, includes: extracting by the Hybrid Access Server one or more of the following information: Network link availability, Network link utilization, Quality of Service information with respect to the services requested from the home gateway; and selecting networks links, network traffic routing, and/or service routing by the Hybrid Access Server in communication with the hybrid access home gateway and/or other components in the network.

Method for using a user equipment with a first public land mobile network and with a second public land mobile network, user equipment, program and computer program product

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for using a user equipment with a first public land mobile network and with a second public land mobile network, wherein the user equipment is a DSDS user equipment (Dual SIM dual standby user equipment), wherein with respect to the first public land mobile network and with respect to an idle mode of the user equipment in the first public land mobile network, a first discontinuous reception scheme is implemented in case that the first public land mobile network is a registered public land mobile network to the user equipment, wherein in the first discontinuous reception scheme of the user equipment, a first paging occasion time interval is defined by means of: -- a first time interval corresponding to a first discontinuous reception cycle length, and -- a first paging time within the first time interval such that, in the first discontinuous reception scheme, the user equipment needs only to monitor a paging channel during the first paging occasion time interval, wherein with respect to the second public land mobile network and with respect to an idle mode of the user equipment in the second public land mobile network, a second discontinuous reception scheme is implemented in case that the second public land mobile network is a registered public land mobile network to the user equipment, wherein in the second discontinuous reception scheme of the user equipment, a second paging occasion time interval is defined by means of: -- a second time interval corresponding to a second discontinuous reception cycle length, and -- a second paging time within the second time interval such that, in the second discontinuous reception scheme, the user equipment needs only to monitor a paging channel during the second paging occasion time interval, wherein the beginning of the first paging occasion time interval and the beginning of the second paging occasion time interval are spaced in time in a predetermined manner by a separation time interval.

2-State (semi-)Markov processes beyond Gilbert-Elliott: Traffic and channel models based on 2 nd order statistics

Abstract: Two-state Markov models are applied in many performance evaluation studies as a simple form of autocorrelated processes, starting with Gilbert-Elliott channels for the analysis of transmission protocols subject to error bursts. We derive an explicit formula for the 2nd order statistics of 2state semi-Markov processes in order to adapt them to correlated traffic and error processes. State and transition specific distribution functions are included in a general representation covering the special cases being usually studied in the literature. The results reveal the influence of model parameters on short and long term dependency and give rise to a straightforward procedure for parameter adaption. In general, 2-state models provide a 2-dimensional fitting space, whereas special 2-state cases often have only one parameter left to fit the shape of the 2nd order statistics. In our evaluation of IP packet measurements on aggregation links we experienced that adaptations by general 2state Markov models achieve a much closer fit to the traffic variability in different time scales than self-similar processes.

Method and system for improvement of handover quality in mobile radio systems

Abstract: A handover method includes the steps: (1a) detecting, at a serving node, signal quality of a signal transmitted from the serving node to a user equipment (UE) being worse than a predefined threshold; (1b) identifying, at the serving node, node(s) transmitting to the UE the strongest signals interfering with signals being transmitted to the UE; (1c) sending, by the serving node, a request for starting an inter-cell interference coordination scheme; (1d) rescheduling, by the node(s) identified in step (1b), users currently being served by the node(s); (1e) informing, by the node(s) identified in step (1b), the serving node of the UE which resources have, been reserved in step (1d); (1f) scheduling, by the serving node, the UE to the resources reserved in step (1d); (1g) starting, by the serving node, handover of the UE from the serving node to a target node; and (1h) completing the handover of the UE.

Method and system for terminal device-based communication between third-party applications and an electronic wallet

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a system for terminal device-based communication between third-party applications and an electronic wallet. The method comprises the following steps: (a) the third-party application establishes a connection to an Internet service, wherein the connection requires a transmission of data to the Internet service; (b) the third-party application receives a query aimed at the transmission of the data specified from the Internet service; (c) the third-party application passes the query received from the Internet service in step (b) to the electronic wallet; (d) the electronic wallet processes the query and generates a corresponding response; (e) the response from the electronic wallet is forwarded to the Internet service; (f) the third-party application receives a confirmation of the successful forwarding of the response to the Internet service in accordance with step (e).

Location prediction for large scale urban vehicular mobility

Abstract: Knowledge of where vehicles will be in near future helps users in daily planning, traffic monitors in vehicles scheduling, advertisers in fixed point advertising, and especially helps in communication network source provisioning. In this paper, we analyze the predictability of taxi mobility based on their locations and time period records and we present a prediction method of taxis for their next locations in 15 seconds using Markov predictor. The historical location trace of each taxi is used to train the transition probability matrix of next location for our predictor, and we use 3 different scenarios to predict. Based on records from over 2,000 taxis in Shanghai, and over 14,000 taxis in Beijing, we are able to predict the next vehicular location with an accuracy of 82%.

Contextual and predictive prioritization of spectrum access

Abstract: A method for optimizing network spectrum utilization of a wireless communications network utilizing a radiofrequency spectrum includes determining, by a processor, spectrum resources at a location by determining the properties of the communication nodes and the utilization of bandwidth by all priority classes of user terminals in a defined area. Future geo-located contextual network needs for users terminals of a plurality of priority classes in the defined area is predicted by the processor based on historical profiles. The use of the radiofrequency spectrum is optimized by the processor based on the priority classes of the user terminals and the future geo-located contextual network needs of the user terminals in the defined area.

Terastream implementation of all IP new architecture

Abstract: In this paper we describe Terastream all IP architecture including market and economic drivers, IPv6 addressing scheme, routing and tunneling protocols, interfaces and optical integration, front end data centers, home networking and performance aspects initial findings. We point out standardization efforts where we are contributing and present initial findings after actual implementation of pilot network.

Performance Measurement Results Obtained in a Heterogeneous LTE Field Trial Network

Abstract: In order to get practical experience with heterogeneous LTE networks Deutsche Telekom and Huawei built up a field trial network consisting of one macro site and eight pico sites which are spatially spread in different environments to cover many pico site deployment scenarios. The main performance results obtained in the field trial are presented for both relevant deployment aspects: Either macro and pico cells are running on the same frequency or the pico cell layer uses an individual carrier frequency. Outdoor as well as indoor conditions are covered in the paper. As the measure for the pico cell size we introduce a coverage radius based on a minimum throughput threshold. For the best performing scenario - outdoor condition and different frequencies for macro and pico cells - the mean throughput ranges between 40-65 Mb/s for most pico cells and the coverage radius exceeds 200m. For the other scenarios the performance measures are partly significantly lower.

An Analytic Connector Loss Model for Step-Index Polymer Optical Fiber Links

Abstract: The authors report on an analytic connector loss model for step-index polymer optical fibers (SI-POF). The model describes the non-linear dependencies for combinations of the most important intrinsic and extrinsic influence parameters like Fresnel reflections, mismatches in numerical aperture (NA) and core diameters, as well as lateral, longitudinal and angular offsets. As connector losses strongly depend on the mode distribution, expressions for the mode-dependent coupling efficiencies for the various influence parameters are derived. This way, the model can handle any rotationally symmetric mode distribution including the uniform mode distribution (UMD) and the equilibrium mode distribution (EMD) in the steady-state. It is shown that for step-index fibers, lateral and longitudinal offsets can be handled in a similar way, which reduces the overall effort for the mathematical description. For the typical case of identical fibers, the authors also derive easy-to-apply approximations for a combination of lateral and longitudinal offsets under UMD and EMD conditions. The results are in good agreement with ray-tracing simulations and are evaluated for the cases of identical fibers and the worst case parameter constellation for the SI-POF in the IEC A4a.2 fiber class.

Cost and performance evaluation of WDM-based access networks

Abstract: WDM-based next-generation access systems have been compared to G-PON/XG-PON1 for high per-user bandwidths and access-node consolidation. Only with increasing sustained user bandwidth and decreasing node number, WDM-PON gets increasingly efficient.

Computer-implemented method, system and computer program product for deploying an application on a computing resource

Abstract: The invention relates to a computer-implemented method for deploying an application on a computing resource, wherein the application is provided remotely to a plurality of tenants of users, wherein the application comprises a plurality of application components, the computer-implemented method comprising: - defining sets of groups of tenants for categorizing the plurality of tenants, - assigning each tenant of the plurality of tenants to at least one group of tenants of the sets of groups of tenants, - providing a deployment model for each combination of - an application component of the plurality of application components and - a tenant of the plurality of tenants, - determining constraint information for each combination of application component and tenant depending on the deployment model, wherein the deployment model is configured to enable each tenant of the plurality of tenants to include and/or exclude entire groups of tenants from sharing one or more application components and/or infrastructure of the computing resource, - determining a valid deployment configuration of the application on the computing resource depending on the constraint information associated with each application of the plurality of application components, - deploying the application on the computing resource depending on the determined valid deployment configuration.

Unified access and aggregation network allowing fixed and mobile networks to converge

Abstract: A new concept for unified access and aggregation network architecture allowing fixed and mobile networks to converge is proposed based on the concepts of Next Generation POP combining structural and functional convergence.

Elastic optical networks: The vision of the ICT project IDEALIST

Abstract: The current generation of optical networks based on a fixed wavelength grid and on fixed-rate transponders would impose relevant limitations for future transmission rates exceeding 100 Gb/s, thereby limiting the number of potential implementations and making a new generation of elastic optical networks (EON) necessary To this regard, flexible-grid (Flexgrid) transmission and switching technologies could significantly increase both transport network scalability and flexibility Further benefits would come from multilayer interworking mechanisms enabling direct control of bandwidth-variable transponders (BVT) based on electronic switching technologies (IP/MPLS, OTN, etc) for optical bandwidth optimization purposes The development of data and control plane solutions based on EONs enabling adaptive network and service interworking is the main objective of the ICT project IDEALIST The paper describes the data plane architecture of a future EON based on the vision of the IDEALIST project

A method to guide the placement of new small cells

Abstract: A method to guide the placement of new small cell, wherein a small cell is a radio cell station with much smaller coverage area than a macro cell, having one or more existing wireless cells, one or more mobile devices of known location and application use and context, a processor and database system, a new small cell, a device for guiding the user in the placement of the new small cell, includes the steps: the location dependant measured network characteristics and location dependant contextual data needs of the mobile device are recorded and stored in the database system over time; and the contents of the database system are used to determine the likely future location specific network needs, such that this information together with the characteristics of the new small cell are used to determine the placement co-ordinates of the new small cell, and use the placement co-ordinates to guide a user in the placement of the new small cell, with the device for guiding the user.

Haptic cues: texture as a guide for non-visual tangible interaction

Abstract: Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) represent digital information via a number of sensory modalities including the haptic, visual and auditory senses We suggest that interaction with tangible interfaces is commonly governed primarily through visual cues, despite the emphasis on tangible representation We do not doubt that visual feedback offers rich interaction guidance, but argue that emphasis on haptic and auditory feedback could support or substitute vision in situations of visual distraction or impairment We have developed a series of simple TUIs that allows for the haptic and auditory exploration of visually hidden textures Our technique is to transmit the force feedback of the texture to the user via the attraction of a ball bearing to a magnet that the user manipulates This allows the detail of the texture to be presented to the user while visually presenting an entirely flat surface The use of both opaque and transparent materials allows for controlling the texture visibility for comparative purposes The resulting Feelable User Interface (FUI), shown in Fig 1, allows for the exploration of which textures and structures are useful for haptic guidance The findings of our haptic exploration shall provide basic understanding about the usage of haptic cues for interacting with tangible objects that are visually hidden or are in the user's visual periphery

Method for finding idle parking positions in e.g. multi-storey car parking region to park motor car, involves prioritizing transmitted idle parking positions based on probability data of respective position for predetermined time

Abstract: The method involves deriving information related to idle parking positions and sending the derived information to a central parking guidance (4). Appropriate information including a list of prioritized selection of idle parking positions in regions (1, 3) are transmitted to a retrieving unit at the central parking guidance. The transmitted idle parking positions are prioritized based on probability data of respective idle parking positions for a predetermined time or determined average time, where the probability data are stored in a database of the central parking guidance. An independent claim is also included for a system for finding idle parking positions in a region.

A Single-Channel MVDR Filter for Acoustic Echo Suppression

Abstract: Acoustic echo suppression techniques for full-duplex communication in low-complexity systems are commonly known to introduce distortion to the desired signal (i.e., near-end speech). Moreover, most traditional echo control techniques typically require accurately detecting the contribution of the near-end speaker to the microphone signal (“double talk”). In this letter, we propose a novel approach to acoustic echo suppression, which aims at extracting the near-end signal using a constraint for minimizing the distortion, and without requiring a double-talk detector.

Method for configuring network nodes of a telecommunications network, telecommunications network, program and computer program product

Abstract: A method for configuring network nodes of a telecommunications network includes configuring a remote network node of a plurality of remote network nodes based on a first set of configuration parameters; authenticating the remote network node based on an encryption information obtained from an encryption information infrastructure; configuring a firewall entity of a plurality of firewall entities based on a second set of configuration parameters, wherein the configuration of the firewall entity is initiated by the remote network node based on an initial configuration message being sent directly or indirectly from the remote network node to the firewall entity; and authenticating the configuration of the firewall entity based on the encryption information of the remote network node, the encryption information being obtained by the firewall entity directly or indirectly from the remote network node with the initial configuration message.

Converged fixed and mobile broadband networks based on next generation point of presence

Abstract: To achieve a joint optimization of fixed and mobile networks, we propose a new broadband network architecture organized around the innovative concept of Next Generation Point of Presence (NG-POP). NG-POP targets a disruptive evolution of the first aggregation node, also called Central Office (CO), or Local POP by opposition to more centralized POPs. It will allow both a better distribution of all essential functions of fixed and mobile networks (functional convergence) and a better mutualisation of fixed and mobile equipment and infrastructures (structural convergence). This paper presents the main ideas related to functional and structural convergence and illustrates the benefits expected from the underlying NG-POP concept for future converged fixed and mobile networks. The architectural concepts presented in this paper will be assessed in details in European large scale integrating project COMBO (COnvergence of fixed and Mobile BrOadband access/aggregation networks).