Glenfield Hospital

About: Glenfield Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Leicester, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The organization has 1382 authors who have published 1812 publications receiving 99238 citations. The organization is also known as: Glenfield General Hospital.

The Current State of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine.

Abstract: The last decade has seen a huge surge in interest surrounding artificial intelligence (AI). AI has been around since the 1950s, although technological limitations in the early days meant performance was initially inferior compared to humans.1 With rapid progression of algorithm design, growth of vast digital datasets and development of powerful computing power, AI now has the capability to outperform humans. Consequently, the integration of AI into the modern world is skyrocketing. This review article will give an overview of the use of AI in the modern world and discuss current and potential uses in healthcare, with a particular focus on its applications and likely impact in medical imaging. We will discuss the consequences and challenges of AI integration into healthcare.

Can cutaneous telangiectasiae as late normal-tissue injury predict cardiovascular disease in women receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer?

Abstract: Overall, ∼5% of patients show late normal-tissue damage after radiotherapy with a smaller number having a risk of radiation-induced heart disease. Although the data are conflicting, large studies have shown increased risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) for irradiated patients compared with non-irradiated ones, or for those treated to the left breast or chest wall compared with those treated to the right. Cutaneous telangiectasiae as late normal-tissue injury have so far only been regarded as a cosmetic burden. The relationship between late normal-tissue radiation injury phenotypes in 149 irradiated breast cancer patients and the presence of cardiovascular disease were examined. A statistically significant association between the presence of skin telangiectasiae and the long-term risk of CVD was shown in these patients (P=0.017; Fisher's exact test). This association may represent initial evidence that telangiectasiae can be used as a marker of future radiation-induced cardiac complications. It could also suggest a common biological pathway for the development of both telangiectasiae and CVD on the basis of a genetically predisposed endothelium. To our knowledge this is the first reported study looking at this association.

Is Acute heart failure a distinctive disorder? An analysis from BIOSTAT-CHF

Abstract: AIMS This retrospective analysis sought to identify markers that might distinguish between acute heart failure (HF) and worsening HF in chronic outpatients. METHODS AND RESULTS The BIOSTAT-CHF index cohort included 2516 patients with new or worsening HF symptoms: 1694 enrolled as inpatients (acute HF) and 822 as outpatients (worsening HF in chronic outpatients). A validation cohort included 935 inpatients and 803 outpatients. Multivariable models were developed in the index cohort using clinical characteristics, routine laboratory values, and proteomics data to examine which factors predict adverse outcomes in both conditions and to determine which factors differ between acute HF and worsening HF in chronic outpatients, validated in the validation cohort. Patients with acute HF had substantially higher morbidity and mortality (6-month mortality was 12.3% for acute HF and 4.7% for worsening HF in chronic outpatients). Multivariable models predicting 180-day mortality and 180-day HF readmission differed substantially between acute HF and worsening HF in chronic outpatients. Carbohydrate antigen 125 was the strongest single biomarker to distinguish acute HF from worsening HF in chronic outpatients, but only yielded a C-index of 0.71. A model including multiple biomarkers and clinical variables achieved a high degree of discrimination with a C-index of 0.913 in the index cohort and 0.901 in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies different characteristics and predictors of outcome in acute HF patients as compared to outpatients with chronic HF developing worsening HF. The markers identified may be useful in better diagnosing acute HF and may become targets for treatment development.

Acute Cardiovascular Manifestations in 286 Children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with COVID-19 Infection in Europe

Abstract: Background: The aim of the study was to document cardiovascular clinical findings, cardiac imaging and laboratory markers in children presenting with the novel multisystemic inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19. Methods: A real-time internet based survey was sent via the member mailing database for Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiologists (AEPC) working groups for Cardiac Imaging and Cardiovascular Intensive Care member. Inclusion criteria was children 0-18 years admitted to hospital between March 1 and June 6, 2020 with diagnosis of an inflammatory syndrome and acute cardiovascular complications. Findings: A total of 286 children from 55 centres from 17 European countries were included. The median age was 8·4 years (IQR 3·8-12·4 years) and 67% were males. Most common cardiovascular complications were shock (40%), cardiac arrhythmias (35%), pericardial effusion (28%) and coronary artery dilatation (24%). Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction was present in 52% of patients and 93% had raised cardiac troponin (cTnT). The biochemical markers of inflammation were raised in majority of patients on admission: elevated CRP (99%), ferritin (79%), procalcitonin (96%), NT-proBNP (93%), IL-6 level (88%) and D-dimers (90%). There was a statistically significant correlation between degree of elevation in cardiac and biochemical parameters and need of intensive care support (p <0·05). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 was positive in 33·6% while IgM antibody was positive in 15·7% and IgG 43·6% cases. Only 1 death was reported· Interpretation: Cardiac involvement is common in children with multi-inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 pandemic. A majority of children have significantly raised levels of NT pro-BNP, ferritin, D-dimers and cardiac troponin in addition to high CRP and procalcitonin levels. Compared to adults, mortality in children with PIMS-TS is extremely rare despite multi-system involvement, very elevated inflammatory markers and need of intensive care support. Funding Statement: There was no external funding source for this study Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: Local institutional approval was obtained, where required, by participating centres as collaborative anonymised data, according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Naclerio's V Sign

Abstract: On chest radiographs, pneumomediastinum is seen as multiple lucent streaks of air outlining mediastinal structures. It may be extensive, with air tracking up into the neck or chest wall (1,2). Pneumomediastinum can be secondary to alveolar rupture, which leads to pulmonary interstitial emphysema that travels centrally back to the mediastinum (3). Other conditions that can produce pneumomediastinum include asthma, chest trauma, and barotrauma. Tracheobronchial injury and esophageal perforation are less common causes of pneumomediastinum (4). Naclerio described the V sign in patients with spontaneous esophageal rupture (5). Leakage of air from the perforated or ruptured distal esophagus produces pneumomediastinum, which results in outlining of the medial left hemidiaphragm and left lower lateral mediastinal area on radiographs. Naclerio attributed the finding to air “dissecting along diaphragmatic and mediastinal fascial planes in the region of the lower esophagus” (5). Iatrogenic and traumatic perfoPublished online 10.1148/radiol.2451042197