Showing papers by "Griffith University published in 1980"
TL;DR: Slight differences between juveniles and adults, little sexual dimorphism and few discrete calls suggests that the social organization of the Budgerigar is simple compared to that of the Eastern Rosella Platycercus eximius.
Abstract: The Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus was studied in the field in eastern Australia. Flocks occurred throughout the year, during most diurnal activities and at most stages of the life cycle. Daily activity began about sunrise and ceased during dusk. It consisted of feeding in the morning and afternoon and resting and preening in the foliage of trees during the middle of the day. Birds drank intermittently and at no specific time of the day. Different ages and sexes mixed in flocks and there was no obvious hierarchical construction nor high- and low-status groups within flocks or popula- tions. At times, flocks occurred that were composed predominantly of young birds. Eight discrete calls were identified. Slight differences between juveniles and adults, little sexual dimorphism and few discrete calls suggests that the social organization of the Budgerigar is simple compared to that of the Eastern Rosella Platycercus eximius. Behaviour of birds in the field is compared to that described from studies of domestic birds in cages.
103 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the results of research concerned with the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons on aquatic organisms and to a lesser extent, ecosystems, and considers some of the implications for human health.
Abstract: Most research on the effects of petroleum in aquatic systems has concentrated on the immediate and short‐term toxic effects. This review collates and evaluates the results of research concerned with the effects of sublethal concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons on aquatic organisms and to a lesser extent, ecosystems, and considers some of the implications for human health. The available information on quantities of petroleum hydrocarbons which are released into the sea as well as the concentration and types which occur in oceanic areas is presented. The various mechanisms by which hydrocarbons can enter different classes of aquatic organisms are outlined, as well as storage, metabolic, and excretion processes. This information is utilized in applying to petroleum hydrocarbons the mathematical modeling principles which have been developed during investigations of other environmentally persistent substances. In this context the behavior of petroleum hydrocarbons in food webs is considered, particularly t...
93 citations
TL;DR: Information from the literature and the data suggest there is considerable stability and seasonal regularity in the budgerigar's food supply.
Abstract: Budgerigars range and breed over most of the interior of Australia. During a year, budgerigars may experience a maximal change in day length of about 5 h, and temperatures range from well below to above their zone of thermo-neutrality. In the north of the budgerigar's range there is growth of pastures in summer and autumn and in the south there is growth in spring and early summer. In the arid interior, growth is irregular from year-to-year and varies from site-to-site. However, in northern arid regions growth tends to occur in summer and autumn; in southern arid regions in spring and early summer; and over most of the arid regions in most years there is some growth in run-on areas.
In inland mid-eastern Australia budgerigars ate only seeds of ground vegetation. These seeds were from about 0.5 to 2.5 mm in length, weighed between about 0.3 and 1.3 mg and had an energy content of about 18.9 kJ g-1. Ata site on Mitchell grass plains Astrebla spp. were the main seeds eaten. At a site further inland the diet was more diverse: in the hot months of 1973–74 they ate mainly Boerhavia diffusa, Atriplex spp. and Astrebla pectinata, during the cold months of 1974 mainly Iseilema and an unidentified seed, and in spring 1974 mainly Atriplex spp. There was no evidence of special dietary requirements for breeding; in particular no requirements of soft, unripened seed or insect food to feed young. Males and females, adults and juveniles, and individuals in the same flock had similar diets.
Information from the literature and my data suggest there is considerable stability and seasonal regularity in the budgerigar's food supply.
48 citations
TL;DR: Results have shown that EPF is formed as two separate components, which appear similar to component A and component B formed after dissociation of EPF by 40% ammonium sulphate, which are oestrus-dependent and pregnancy-dependent.
47 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is presented in this paper which suggests that EPF is a novel substance, which differentiate EPF from other pregnancy-associated substances with putative immunosuppressive properties.
44 citations
TL;DR: Isolation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) from sea mullet ( Mugil cephalus ) collected in the Brisbane River estuary indicated that these corresponded approximately to the Arochlor Grade 1260, although minor amounts of Grade 1254 were present as mentioned in this paper.
37 citations
TL;DR: Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activities, electrophoretic phenotypes, and the extent of ethanol resource utilization are compared for three groups of species distinguishable on ecological criteria: the cosmopolitan species D. melanogaster, a frequent inhabitant of wineries; fruit‐baited species of the typically Australian subgenus Scaptodrosophila; and species not attracted to fermented‐fruit baits being collected by sweeping in temperate rain forests.
Abstract: Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activities, electrophoretic phenotypes, and the extent of ethanol resource utilization are compared for three groups of species distinguishable on ecological criteria: 1) the cosmopolitan species D. melanogaster, a frequent inhabitant of wineries; 2) fruit-baited species of the typically Australian subgenus Scaptodrosophila: D. lativittata, D. nitidithorax and D. howensis; and 3) Scaptodrosophila species not attracted to fermented-fruit baits being collected by sweeping in temperate rain forests (D. inornata, D. collessi) or from Hibiscus flowers (D. hibisci). D. melanogaster showed the highest levels of ADH activity and an electrophoretic polymorphism with two active allelic forms, while group 2) species showed intermediate ADH activities and polymorphisms, which were consistent with "high activity" and "low activity" allelic forms in natural populations of these species, and group 3) species showed only "low activity" forms. Ethanol resource utilization follows the same sequence, being 1 greater than 2 greater than 3 (D. howensis and D. collessi were not tested). Therefore the species considered show an association of ADH biochemical phenotype, laboratory ethanol utilization, and resources utilized.
36 citations
TL;DR: The pattern of distribution of PCBs within body tissues of fish was closely related to lipid content, and pelicans at the highest trophic level examined exhibited the highest muscle tissue concentration.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the reaction of tri-O-acetyl-d-allal or -d-glucal with sodium azide in acetonitrile under catalysis by boron trifluoride diethyl etherate yields a mixture of 4,6-di-O -acetyl -3-azido-3-deoxy-d -allal and - d -gluc al. The mechanism of these reactions is discussed.
27 citations
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, the Blasius equation is integrated with a weighted integral condition for the flow and the accuracy of the solution is improved dramatically when the series is rewritten to avoid the region of divergence.
Abstract: Direct integration of the classical Blasius equation yields a weighted integral condition for the flow. The accuracy of the solution is improved dramatically when the series is rewritten to avoid the region of divergence. The first term of this new series approximates the stress accurately to 0(10{-4}).
24 citations
TL;DR: The gene (ush) specifying a periplasmic enzyme, UDP-sugar hydrolase (5'-nucleotidase) has been cloned using the restriction endonuclease HindIII and the relaxed plasmid pBR322, allowing direct selection of recombinant DNA and possibly secretion of cloned-gene products.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the main features of the course, examine some of the demands that it makes, and explore the applicability of its concepts to other areas of higher education.
Abstract: No matter how participative a course might be in its conduct, it is normal for the aims to be specified by staff for students, the programme to be planned by staff for students and particularly for the assessment to be one way—of students by staff. It is possible for courses to be established on a different basis, and it is especially necessary when one is dealing with professional education.
This paper focuses on an example of a course which is designed jointly by staff and students: the science education component of a post-experience Graduate Diploma in Science Education at the Western Australian Institute of Technology. In keeping with the philosophy of the course this paper has been prepared by the staff member concerned (D J Boud) and one of the students (M T Prosser).
A collaboratively designed course cannot be undertaken lightly for not only does it violate some of the norms of teaching in higher education as we know it, but it also places peculiar demands on both staff and students. These are both of an interpersonal, group interaction kind and of a strucutural, organizational type. The aim of this paper is to describe the main features of the course, to examine some of the demands that it makes, and to explore the applicability of its concepts to other areas of higher education.
TL;DR: Two mechanisms are proposed which attempt to reconcile the existence of sheathed flagella with the rotary motor model, one of which involves rotation of both flagellar sheath and core, and the other of which consists of rotation of the core only, within a flexible wave-propagating sheath.
TL;DR: It has been shown by a combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy that the size distribution of MgO particles prepared by burning magnesium in air is extremely asymmetric as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: It has been shown by a combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy that the size distribution of MgO particles prepared by burning magnesium in air is extremely asymmetric. Less th...
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that secondary crystallization occurs in both smectic and monoclinic polypropylene during annealing processes at temperatures as low as 25°C.
TL;DR: In this paper, a major undergraduate problem-solving exercise is described concerning a problem of foreign policy formulation and the teaching strategy is outlined and important issues in the process are identified and discussed.
Abstract: Large first-year undergraduate classes are criticised for too often concentrating on lower level cognitive skills at the expense of higher level skills such as those involved in problem solving. A distinction is made between ‘pseudoproblems˚s and ‘problems of consequence˚s. A major undergraduate problem-solving exercise is described concerning a problem of foreign policy formulation. The teaching strategy is outlined and important issues in the process are identified and discussed. It is concluded that first-year undergraduate classes are capable of successfully tackling problems of consequence with minimal tutor support providing the correct strategy and organisation is used. Guidelines for improving the strategy described are included together with an outline plan for introductory sequences prior to the problem-solving exercise.
TL;DR: In this article, the 3-azido-glycals and 2,3-unsaturated glycosyl azides were obtained in acetonitrile under boron trifluoride catalysis.
TL;DR: Eggs, final-instar larvae, pupae and adults of Gonocephalum macleayi (Blackburn), Pterohelaeus darlingensis Carter and P. alternatus Pascoe are described and illustrated and compared with each other and with larvae and adults from northern New South Wales by means of identification keys.
Abstract: Eggs, final-instar larvae, pupae and adults of Gonocephalum macleayi (Blackburn), Pterohelaeus darlingensis Carter and P. alternatus Pascoe are described and illustrated. They are compared with each other and with larvae and adults of Saragus magister Pascoe from northern New South Wales by means of identification keys.
TL;DR: This paper proposes to consider briefly, and in quite general terms, the significance of modern private security and its implications for the nature and scope of policing in the authors' society.
Abstract: In this paper we propose to consider briefly, and in quite general terms, the significance of modern private security and its implications for the nature and scope of policing in our society. In doing so, we shall necessarily raise some very far reaching questions in which, although we will not be able to deal with them in detail in the paper, we hope may spark response and elaboration in the discussion which follows our presentation.
TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that objective reality and causality in the strict sense are consistent with the outcome of atomic cascade photon correlation experiments, provided this outcome is not altered by the Aspect experimental modification.
TL;DR: It is established that clofibrate perturbs lipid metabolism in all the major tissues of this animal, and indicates that this response is not solely due to an increase in the number and oxidative capacity of peroxisomes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the tsunami wave response to two idealized tsunami forms, i.e., a smooth transition from a quiescent surface into a sinusoidal wave, and also the arrival of a bore followed by the salinoidal wave.
Abstract: Major tsunamis do not occur regularly, and this haphazard generation pattern is responsible for the scarcity of reliable tsunami wave data. Sophisticated electronic measuring devices have been developed and used, but the difficulties in predicting seismic events imply that most tsunami records are obtained from conventional tide gauges. These relatively crude instruments respond differently to tides, tsunamis, storm surges, etc., all of which are of interest to marine scientists. In this paper, the tide gauge response to two idealized tsunami forms is considered. These idealized forms represent a smooth transition from a quiescent surface into a sinusoidal wave, and also the arrival of a bore followed by the sinusoidal wave. The tide gauge response shows a transient response lasting for approximately one period, and then a quasi‐steady response. The amplitude and phase of the quasi‐steady response depend critically on the tide gauge geometry, while the transient response depends on the nature of ...
TL;DR: A method is described for tracking butterflies over short distances (ca 25m) in the field and a horizontal track produced by the danaine butterfly, Euploea core, is provided.
Abstract: A method is described for tracking butterflies over short distances (ca 25m) in the field. A horizontal track produced by the danaine butterfly, Euploea core (L.), is provided and errors associated with the method are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the downward transport of a solute following a series of alternating irrigation/rainfall and evapotranspiration events is investigated, using the principle of conservation of mass and the concepts of partition chromatography.
Abstract: An investigation of the downward transport of a solute following a series of alternating irrigation/rainfall and evapotranspiration events is carried out. The principle of conservation of mass, and the concepts of partition chromatography are used in constructing a simple model which enables the peak solute concentration depth to be calculated at any particular time given the rainfall and evapotranspiration history. Prediction of the theory is compared with published data on solute transport.
TL;DR: In this article, a technique for combining RRKM theory with a master equation approach is applied to the analysis of thermal unimolecular data in the fall-off regime, and the results for SF 6 decomposition are obtained in an illustrative calculation.
TL;DR: In this paper, a first integral integral of the diffusion equation for similarity solutions when the diffusivity obeys a power or exponential law is presented, and the structure of the solutions in both cases and connection to an optimization result are discussed.
Abstract: A first integral of the diffusion equation exists for similarity solutions when the diffusivity obeys a power or exponential law. Structure of the solutions in both cases and connection to an optimization result are discussed for an arbitrary diffusivity.
TL;DR: Newly emerged male Pterohelaeus darlingensis Carter have flaccid seminal vesicles and females have minute ovaries and a scheme is proposed which allows broad categorization of age of both sexes and mated state of females.
Abstract: Newly emerged male Pterohelaeus darlingensis Carter have flaccid seminal vesicles and females have minute ovaries. Newly emerged adults of both sexes are pale, have large amounts of abdominal fat and undeveloped wing muscles. Progressive changes in these characters allow an estimate of age to be made. Mated females are distinguished by the shape and colour of the bursa copulatrix. A scheme is proposed which allows broad categorization of age of both sexes and mated state of females.