Showing papers by "Hiroshima University published in 1970"
TL;DR: No thyroid follicle inclusions have been found in cervical lymph nodes in the absence of a primary thyroid carcinoma in this autopsy series, and significantly increased lymph node metastases occurred in association with the following changes in the the thyroid gland.
Abstract: In an autopsy series in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, cervical lymph node dissections were performed in 128 autopsy cases in which occult papillary thyroid carcinoma had been found, and metastatic carcinoma was demonstrated in 20 cases (16%). These 20 cases with metastatic carcinoma, and an additional 25 occult papillary thyroid carcinomas previously known to have metastases, were compared with the 108 cases which had lymph node dissections negative for metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Significantly increased lymph node metastases occurred in association with the following changes in the the thyroid gland: multiple tumor foci, larger tumor size, greater tumor invasiveness, more than 50% papillary differentiation, and tumor psammoma bodies. Metastases were significantly more frequent in men than in women. In 5 of the 25 additional cases, only the cervical lymph node metastases and no tumor in the thyroid glands were found at routine autopsy. Special thyroid reexamination revealed the small primary carcinomas. In this autopsy series, no thyroid follicle inclusions have been found in cervical lymph nodes in the absence of a primary thyroid carcinoma. The metastases were generally occult, and sometimes multiple, contralateral, and bilateral. In the entire autopsy series, only one occult thyroid carcinoma was the cause of death; 517 other persons with occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid reached the end of their lifespan without awareness or manifestation of the presence of the tumor.
90 citations
Journal Article•
67 citations
TL;DR: Mutants from Escherichia coli Q13 selected for resistance to leucomycin, tylosin or spiramycin exhibited cross resistance to all the macrolide antibiotics tested including erythromycin, but a few mutants however seem to be less resistant to erystromycin.
65 citations
TL;DR: After an injection of 3H-thymidine, the renewal of epithelial cells in the gastric mucosa of normal adult mice was studied by simple electron microscopy and electron microscopic autoradiography and there were no finding suggesting the transformation from mucous neck cells to chief and parietal cells.
Abstract: After an injection of 3H-thymidine, the renewal of epithelial cells in the gastric mucosa of normal adult mice was studied by simple electron microscopy and electron microscopic autoradiography.1. Undifferentiated cells are present in the isthmus as a common matrix for surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells. Their differentiation to chief and parietal cells seems probable but could not be evidenced. Undifferentiated cells are proliferative in the isthmus.2. Immature surface mucous cells have mitotic activity in the isthmus and in deeper parts of the pit. They grow mature as they migrate towards the surface of the mucosa.3. Mucous neck cells, especially in their immature stage, are proliferative in the isthmus and in the neck. They migrate from the isthmus to deep parts of the neck.4. Primitive chief cells are first identified in the upper parts of the glandular base. They have mitotic activity and become mature with downwards migration.5. Parietal cells grow mature with their migration from the isthmus towards the base. Mitotic activity of parietal cells could not be confirmed.6. There were no finding suggesting the transformation from mucous neck cells to chief and parietal cells.7. Ultrastructural changes during the differentiation of each cell type were described.
48 citations
TL;DR: It has been demonstrated that the character of the altered 50-8 component was always cotransduced with the erythromycin resistance from the donor to the recipient bacteria by Plkc phage.
Abstract: The alteration of the component upon mutation from spectinomycin sensitive (spc
s) to resistant (spc
r) was found only on a specific 30s ribosomal protein component, 30-4. in E. coli strain K 12 (Dekio and Takata, 1969), or on its alleic component, 30-4 (B) in strain B or 30-4 (R) in strain IAM 1182. Similarly, mutation from erythromycin-sensitive (ery
s) to resistant (ery
r) accompanied the alteration of a specific 50s ribosomal protein component, 50-8, in E. coli strain Q 13 (Otaka Teraoka, Tamaki, Tanaka and Osawa, 1969), or its counterpart, 50-8 (R), in strain IAM 1132.
43 citations
42 citations
TL;DR: Pituicytes of Rana pipiens could be classified into two types, pale and dense, according to their relative densities of cytoplasm and the populations of free ribosomes and cell organelles.
Abstract: Pituicytes of Rana pipiens could be classified into two types, pale and dense, according to their relative densities of cytoplasm and the populations of free ribosomes and cell organelles. An intermediate type of pituicyte was also recognized.
35 citations
TL;DR: The fine structural localization of a peroxidase activity in the rat thyroid follicular epithelial cell was studied by histochemistry at electron microscopic level to find the reaction product in the cisternae of the elements of granular endoplasmic reticulum and of nuclear envelope.
Abstract: The fine structural localization of a peroxidase activity in the rat thyroid follicular epithelial cell was studied by histochemistry at electron microscopic level. The reaction product is recognized chiefly in the cisternae of the elements of granular endoplasmic reticulum and of nuclear envelope. Golgi vesicles or apical small vesicles, mitochondria, and dense granules are sometimes positive for this reaction. The relationship between the fine structural localization of peroxidase and the site of the iodination of thyroglobulin is discussed.
34 citations
TL;DR: Tumors initiated by radiation and those initiated by other causes seem to be equally promoted by this factor, and tumors in females were, as a population, significantly larger than tumors in males.
Abstract: Five hundred twenty‐five cases of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, diagnosed at autopsy in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, were investigated for sex differences; 274 cases were found in 1,453 females, 251 in 1,614 males. The greatest dimensions of the tumors by sex have log‐normal distributions, with mean 0.20 cm for females and 0.13 cm for males. Tumors in females were, as a population, significantly larger than tumors in males (p < .001). The data are in agreement with the presence of a growth‐promoting factor which is greater in females than in males. Tumors initiated by radiation and those initiated by other causes seem to be equally promoted by this factor.
31 citations
TL;DR: The right ventricular myocardium of the cor pulmonare in the rat induced by subcutaneous single injection of monocrotallne has been studied by electron microscope and the hypertrophy and wearing of myocardia was sequentially categorized into preparatory stage, hypertrophied stage, and damaged stage.
Abstract: The right ventricular myocardium of the cor pulmonare in the rat induced by subcutaneous single injection of monocrotallne has been studied by electron microscope. The hypertrophy and wearing of myocardium was sequentially categorized into (1) preparatory stage, (2) hypertrophied stage, and (3) damaged stage.
Slightly enlarged and injured mitochondria and incomplete division of mitochondria were noticed in the first stage. An increase in number of mitochondria, appearance of giant mitochondria, many free ribosomes and small bundles of myofilaments were recognized in the second stage. In the third stage, mitochondria located in the subsarcolemmal region and between the myofibrils tended to migrate to the central portion of the muscle cell, and the myofibrils were simultaneously pushed away towards the plasma membrane. A large number of spherical, electron-opaque granules, not containing acid phosphatase, were found in the enlarged central sarcoplasmic core. The transverse cell boundary was expansively widened at the intermediate junction and its space contained many small membrane-limited particles. Injured cells, reduced in size, were isolated and localized in the tissue space. After degeneration of this cell, it is finally replaced by collagen fibers.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the intensity and spectrum of temperature fluctuations recorded at a height of 2 m over flat grassland in stable conditions were examined and a demarcation between two distinct regimes, " turbulent" for Ri less than a critical value of about 0.2 and "quiet" for larger Ri.
Abstract: The intensity and spectrum of temperature fluctuations recorded at a height of 2 m over flat grassland in stable conditions are examined. Thr results show a demarcation between two distinct regimes, ‘ turbulent ’ for Ri less than a critical value of about 0.2 and ‘ quiet ’ for larger Ri.
The magnitude of the temperature fluctuations, scaled relative to z δz, is comparatively large in the turbulent regime, decreases as Ri increases towards the critical value, and remains small in the quiet regime. The temperature, while always of a typically turbulent character in the turbulent regime, is of variable behaviour in the quiet regime - intermittently quiescent with occasional isolated smooth pulses (usually negative), or wave-like with assorted frequencies, or turbulent.
In the turbulent regime, the spectrum approximates to the − 5/3 power form for normalized frequencies nz/U greater than 0.6. In the quiet regime, the form of the spectrum varies unpredictably from one occasion to another.
TL;DR: Electron microscopic studies were made on the thyroid parafollicular cell and the parathyroid cell of normal and vitamin D2 and CaCl2 treated rats, finding features suggesting reverse pinocytosis were seen in a few cells, but it is difficult to determine whether or not the granule is released only by this type.
Abstract: Electron microscopic studies were made on the thyroid parafollicular cell and the parathyroid cell of normal and vitamin D2 and CaCl2 treated rats.1. The parafollicular cells of the normal rat thyroid were characterized by numerous dense granules, 100-240mμ in diameter, and occasionally displayed cytoplasmic filaments and autophagic vacuoles containing many secretory granules. Desmosomes between the parafollicular cell and the follicle epithelial cell were rarely encountered.2. The secretory granules of the parafollicular cell are markedly reduced in number in animals exposed to hypercalcemia for 2-4 weeks. In these animals the Golgi field was more extensive with numerous small vesicles and prosecretory granules and the rough endoplasmic reticulum was better developed than in control animals. This suggests an activated granular formation. The secretory granules are thought to be formed in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus system as in other protein secreting cells. Though features suggesting reverse pinocytosis were seen in a few cells, it is difficult to determine whether or not the granule is released only by this type.3. The parathyroid cell markedly reacts to long-term hypercalcemia as the parafollicular cell of the thyroid gland does. In most parathyroid cells of hypercalcemic animals, the secretory granules are increased in number, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus are reduced in quantity, the tortuosity of the cell membrane is decreased and the lipid droplets are increased in number. These changes are considered to be related to the long-term suppression of the synthesis and release of parathormone. Some of the cells in the experimental animals have characteristically large mitochondria associated with endoplasmic reticulum showing markedly enlarged cisternae. This type cell is considered to be degenerated.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that if no heating source of matter exists, the matter temperature Tm downs faster than the radiation temperature Tr after the epoch of the decoupling at Tr::::::4000°K.
Abstract: The growth of primordial density contrasts and their separation from the general expansion of the universe are the first step in the course of galaxy formation, which has been attempted to describe by various mechanisms. The epoch of the separation depends on the amount of density contrasts at some epoch, which must be more than several billion years ago. In the case of ~ravitational instability there arises some lower limit for the initial density contrast which cannot be explained by the statistical origin.> It has been expected, on the other hand, that thermal instability may play an important role at an early stage of the growing of the density contrasts.),S) This mechanism can be effective, only if heating and cooling balance each other so as to keep matter at high temperature (at least higher than 10 °K) at the pregalactic stage. However, if no heating source of matter exists, the matter temperature Tm downs faster than the radiation temperature Tr after the epoch of the decoupling at Tr::::::4000°K. > The rotational and peculiar motions of the galaxies in the present state suggest us a possibility that enormous turbulent motions have existed at the pregalactic stage. Weizsacker> and Gamow> insisted upon its importance in the problem of galaxy formation. To meet with this, the theory of turbulence in the expanding universe has been developed by one of the authors (H. N.).>•*> On the basis of a more realistic picture for the hot universe motivated by the discovery of cosmic black-body radiation, Ozernoi and Chernin> have recently
TL;DR: In the present investigation DNA synthesis of X-chromosome of Pellia neesiana (n=9), Hepaticae, was studied by the use of the H3-thymidine autoradiography and DNA in the heterochromatin was found to replicate mainly in the diffused state of heterochrome during the early stage of DNA synthetic phase.
Abstract: In the present investigation DNA synthesis of X-chromosome of Pellia neesiana (n=9), Hepaticae, was studied by the use of the H3-thymidine autoradiography.1. DNA in the heterochromatin of X-chromosome of female Pellia neesiana was found to replicate during the early and the middle stages of DNA synthetic phase.2. DNA in the euchromatin of both X-chromosome and autosomes was found to replicate continuously from the early to the last stages of DNA synthetic phase.3. DNA in the heterochromatin of X-chromosome was found to replicate mainly in the diffused state of heterochromatin during the early stage of DNA synthetic phase.
TL;DR: Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung eines neuen Sesquiterpenalkohols aus Bazzania pompeana (Lac.) Mitt.
Abstract: Isolierung und Strukturaufklarung eines neuen Sesquiterpenalkohols ausBazzania pompeana (Lac.) Mitt.
TL;DR: The fast flow measured by the new method was significantly decreased in 11 patients with azotemia compared with that in 14 without azotsemia, while changes in slow flow were not significant, and the ratio of the slow flow to the total flow was increased in renal failure.
Abstract: To measure blood flow through fast and slow pathways of the kidney separately, a new method of analyzing dye-dilution curves was devised. Twenty-five patients with hypertension or renal disease were selected for study. Indocyanine green was injected into one renal artery and dye-dilution curves were recorded in blood from the ipsilateral renal vein, using a densitometer. Recirculation effect was eliminated by the curve obtained from the contralateral renal vein. For analyzing the dyedilution curves, a new mathematical model and an iterative least squares method of fitting the curve using a digital computer were employed. Basic assumption for the model was that the transit time of each molecule of the dye through fast and slow pathways was a random variable and followed a log-normal distribution. The fast flow measured by the new method was significantly decreased in 11 patients with azotemia compared with that in 14 without azotemia, while changes in slow flow were not significant. Consequently, the ratio...
TL;DR: The duodenal and colonic epithelia in mice were observed with electron microscopic autoradiography 2, 5 and 24 hours after a single injection of 3H-thymidine to identify crystal-containing cells and absorptive cells that proliferate in the epithelium in the adult animal.
Abstract: The duodenal and colonic epithelia in mice were observed with electron microscopic autoradiography 2, 5 and 24 hours after a single injection of 3H-thymidine. After 2 hours, in the duodenum, silver grains are found in many undifferentiated cells, in a few young goblet cells, in some crystal-containing cells, and in some lymphocytes. In the colon after 2 hours silver grains are seen in some undifferentiated cells, and in many young goblet cells. Undifferentiated cells are characterized by a few short microvilli, poorly developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, abundant free ribosomes, and a few apical moderately dense granules. In normal animals, absorptive cells seem to arise from undifferentiated cells, and goblet cells — from younger goblet cells. Undifferentiated cells could also become young goblet cells. Crystal-containing cells, which may not be of epithelial origin, proliferate in the epithelium in the adult animal.
TL;DR: In this paper, an indirect spectrophotometric method for the determination of small amounts of chloride in fresh waters is described, where the red color (516 nm) of the organic phase measured against a reagent blank is proportional to the initial concentration of chloride ions in the aqueous phase.
TL;DR: It is of interest to elucidate the relationship between porphyrin and vitamin B12-factor formation with special reference to the mechanism of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis.
TL;DR: δ-Hydroxylevulinic acid, a reaction product of the carboligase, inhibited porphyrin synthesis from δ-aminolevulic acid in cell free extracts of Mycobacterium, phlei.
TL;DR: A family in which translocations seem to be associated with repeated spontaneous abortions is described, which is aetiologically related to-spontaneous abortion in humans.
Abstract: CHROMOSOME aberrations involving trisomy, monosomy and translocations may be aetiologically related to-spontaneous abortion in humans1–3. We describe here a family in which translocations seem to be associated with repeated spontaneous abortions.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The present findings indicate that the iodination of the thyroglobulin takes place chiefly in the follicle lumen and in the apical cell membrane region.
Abstract: As a part of the phylogenetic studies of the thyroid gland, the anuran thyroid was studied by electron microscopy, electron microscopic autoradiography with 125I and by histochemistry for acid phosphatase activity.The fine structure of the anuran thyroid cell is almost similar to that of mammalia and fish. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is well developed in the basal part of the cell. Subapical small vesicles which have been considered to be derived from the Golgi apparatus and to contain secretory materials to the follicle lumen are also seen as in mammalia and fish. Characteristic are relatively well developed tonofilaments, numerous and large intracellular colloid droplets, and the occurrence of filamentous structures in some of the droplets. These findings are similar to those in some species of teleost and chimaeroid fish. About two thirds of the large droplets, most of the small dense granules and some parts of the Golgi apparatus show an acid phosphatase activity. The small dense granules which are sometimes in contact with the large colloid droplets are considered to be primary lysosomes derived from the Golgi apparatus. The large droplets likely correspond to reabsorbed colloid to be hydrolyzed by lysosomes. This presumed pattern of cell function in the amphibian thyroid is almost the same to that in mammals.The capillary endothelium shows numerous pores as that of the higher vertebrates and some species of fish.The present findings indicate that the iodination of the thyroglobulin takes place chiefly in the follicle lumen and in the apical cell membrane region.
TL;DR: The purified enzyme had no substrate specificity for phosphomonoesters and its activity was inhibited by SnF2 or NaF, but it was proved homogeneous on sedimentation and disk electrophoresis.
Abstract: Acid phosphomonoesterase was separated from human parotid saliva and purified. The purified enzyme was proved homogeneous on sedimentation and disk electrophoresis. The optimal pH of the enzyme was 3.3. The enzyme had no substrate specificity for phosphomonoesters and its activity was inhibited by SnF2 or NaF.
TL;DR: In this paper, the α-ketoglutarate-dependent glyoxylate metabolism in Escherichia coli was studied and the reaction product was identified as δ-hydroxylevulinic acid by Dowex 1 column chromatography and thin layer chromatography.
TL;DR: All attempts to grow the acid-fast bacteria from the original bacillary suspension and the cell suspension at the end of the experiment on artificial culture media have failed, however, subcutaneous inoculations of these materials to mice produced the typical lesions caused by M. lepraemurium.
Abstract: A limited multiplication of Mycobacterium lepraemurium was observed in cultures of mouse foot-pad cells up to the third sub-culture. After 96 hr of incubation at 33 C for phagocytosis, infected cells were washed to remove unphagocytized bacteria and transferred to new culture vessels. There was a 4.9-fold increase in the number of bacteria during 70 days of successive cultures up to the third culture in flasks, giving an overall generation time of 30.4 days. Acid-fast stained cover-slips taken from the culture in Leighton tubes revealed intracellular multiplication of M. lepraemurium, frequently in bundles of hundreds of bacteria, and gave an average generation time of 16.4 days in the primary, 15.7 days in the secondary, and 8.1 days in the tertiary culture. Elongation of M. lepraemurium was observed as early as 6 days after infection. All attempts to grow the acid-fast bacteria from the original bacillary suspension and the cell suspension at the end of the experiment on artificial culture media have failed. However, subcutaneous inoculations of these materials to mice produced the typical lesions caused by M. lepraemurium.