Showing papers by "I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University published in 2013"
Erasmus University Rotterdam1, Leiden University2, University of Regensburg3, University of Barcelona4, Maynooth University5, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research6, University of Latvia7, Leipzig University8, King's College London9, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University10, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria11
TL;DR: This position paper highlights the main topics explored on the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells as a therapeutic agent in solid organ transplantation and emphasizes the issues that have been addressed and will be followed up by the MiSOT Consortium in future studies.
Abstract: The Fourth Expert Meeting of the Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Solid Organ Transplantation (MiSOT) Consortium took place in Barcelona on October 19 and 20, 2012. This meeting focused on the translation of preclinical data into early clinical settings. This position paper highlights the main topics explored on the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells as a therapeutic agent in solid organ transplantation and emphasizes the issues (proper timing, concomitant immunossupression, source and immunogenicity of mesenchymal stem cells, and oncogenicity) that have been addressed and will be followed up by the MiSOT Consortium in future studies.
71 citations
TL;DR: Objective risk assessment provides superior risk discrimination when compared with physician-estimated risk, and systematic use of objective risk stratification improves clinical outcomes should be studied in appropriately designed clinical trials.
Abstract: Background—Acute coronary syndrome registries report the use of incomplete guideline therapies, especially among the highest risk patients. Whether this treatment gap results from misperceptions of risk by physicians is uncertain. Methods and Results—The Perceived Risk of Ischemic and Bleeding Events in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients (PREDICT) study was a prospective acute coronary syndrome registry in Australia, China, India, and Russia, involving 58 hospitals between May 2009 and February 2011. In-hospital care and events up to 6 months were assessed. At least 2 clinicians involved in patient care estimated the untreated risk and change in risk with each therapy. Physician risk assessment and objective risk measures (eg, Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events [GRACE] score) for death, death/myocardial infarction, and bleeding events were compared using the c statistic and integrated discrimination improvement. In total, 1542 patients and 4230 patient-specific physician estimates were obtained. Of re...
63 citations
TL;DR: In platelet lysate, the concentrations of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and mineral metabolism parameters were lower, while parameters of lipid and protein metabolism were higher than in fetal calf serum.
Abstract: We compared the composition and biological activity of fetal calf serum and platelet lysate from donor platelet concentrate. In platelet lysate, the concentrations of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and mineral metabolism parameters were lower, while parameters of lipid and protein metabolism were higher than in fetal calf serum. The concentrations of growth factors (platelet-derived (AA, AB, BB), vascular endothelial, insulin-like, and transforming growth factor β) in platelet lysate 1.7-148.7-fold surpassed the corresponding parameters in fetal calf serum. After replacement of fetal calf serum with platelet lysate in the culture medium (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%), the count of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells on day 7 (in comparison with day 1) increased by 154.8, 206.6, 228.2, 367.7, and 396.5%, respectively. Thus, platelet lysate can be an adequate non-xenogenic alternative for fetal calf serum.
39 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of the availability and nature of locally produced diabetes guidelines in countries with recent rises in income from a low base found that national guidelines of quality and with fair consistency of recommendations are becoming prevalent globally.
Abstract: Introduction
Development of higher standards for diabetes care is a core element of coping with the global diabetes epidemic. Diabetes guidelines are part of the approach to raising standards. The epidemic is greatest in countries with recent rises in income from a low base. The objective of the current study was to investigate the availability and nature of locally produced diabetes guidelines in such countries.
33 citations
TL;DR: Current edition of the "Standards" emphasizes the patient-oriented approach in making decisions on therapeutic goals, such as levels of glycaemia and blood pressure, and features updated guidelines on the management of vascular complications.
Abstract: We are glad to present the 7th Edition of Standards of Diabetes Care. These evidence-based guidelines were designed to standardize and facilitate diabetes care in all regions of the Russian Federation. The Standards are updated on the regular basis to incorporate new data and relevant recommendations from national and international clinical societies, including World Health Organization Guidelines (WHO, 2011, 2013), International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2011, 2012, 2013), American Diabetes Association (ADA, 2012, 2015), American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE, 2013), International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD, 2014) and Russian Association of Endocrinologists (RAE, 2011, 2012). Current edition of the ?Standards? also integrates results of completed randomized clinical trials (ADVANCE, ACCORD, VADT, UKPDS, etc.), as well as findings from the national studies of diabetes mellitus (DM), conducted in close partnership with a number of Russian hospitals. Latest data indicates that prevalence of DM increased during the last decade more than two-fold, reaching some 387 million patients by the end of 2014. According to the current estimation by the International Diabetes Federation, 592 million patients will be suffering from DM by 2035. These observations resulted in the UN Resolution 61/225 passed on 20.12.2006 that encouraged all Member States "to develop national policies for the prevention, treatment and care of diabetes". Like many other countries, Russian Federation experiences a sharp rise in the prevalence of DM. According to Russian State Diabetes Register, there are at least 4.1 million patients with DM in this country. However, the epidemiological survey conducted by the Federal Endocrinology Research Centre during 2002-2010 suggests that actual prevalence is 3 to 4 times greater than the officially recognized and, by this estimate, amounts to 9-10 million persons, comprising 7% of the national population. Severe consequences of the global pandemics of DM include its vascular complications: nephropathy, retinopathy, coronary, cerebral and peripheral vascular disease. These conditions are responsible for the majority of cases of diabetes-related disability and death. Current edition of the "Standards" emphasizes the patient-oriented approach in making decisions on therapeutic goals, such as levels of glycaemia and blood pressure. It also features updated guidelines on the management of vascular complications. This text represents a consensus by the absolute majority of national experts, achieved through a number of fruitful discussions held at national meetings and forums. These guidelines are intended for endocrinologists and diabetologists, primary care physicians, cardiologists and other medical professionals involved in prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.
32 citations
TL;DR: The MTHFR genotypes are associated with several clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of migraine, and patients with TT genotype were not only more likely to have accompanying symptoms, but also more sensitive to migraine attack triggers.
Abstract: Background: It was previously shown that the MTHFR gene polymorphism correlated with an increased risk of migraine, particularly migraine with aura. The substitution of cytosine for thymine at the position 677 of the MTHFR gene leads to formation of the thermolabile form of the protein and development of hyperhomocysteinemia, which increases the probability of migraine. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the replacement of C677T in the gene MTHFR influenced any particular symptoms of the disease. Methods: We have analyzed clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of 83 patients with migraine (migraine with aura (MA), 19 patients, and migraine without aura (MO), 64 patients, according to the ICHD-II (2003)) taking into account their genotypes of C677T variant of MTHFR. Results: We have shown that MA was significantly more prevalent among the T-allele carriers (37.2%), as compared to the СС genotype patients (0%), р < 0.0001. Patients with TT genotype were not only more likely to have accompanying symptoms (significant differences were found only for photophobia), but also more sensitive to migraine attack triggers. In RP-VEP test results we observed a trend that the T-allele carriers were presented with the decreased N75/P100 amplitudes and a positive habituation index, as compared to the СС genotype patients. Conclusions: Thus, according to our data, the MTHFR genotypes are associated with several clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of migraine.
27 citations
TL;DR: The presence of AOA above 10 IU/mL is associated with the normal number of CGG repeats in regard to ovarian reserve and a better preservation of follicular primordial pool in the women with POF.
Abstract: Purpose
To identify the role of both genetic (number of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene) and autoimmune factors (anti-ovarian antibodies) in premature ovarian failure (POF).
27 citations
TL;DR: TNF inhibitors were highly effective and safe in patients with refractory Takayasu's arteritis and were able to taper the dose of prednisone to ≤10 mg daily in all patients.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to report the long-term use of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors in case series of patients with Takayasu's arteritis refractory to standard immunosuppressive treatment. Nine women (median age of 29 years) with refractory Takayasu's arteritis were treated with TNF inhibitors. Prior to TNF inhibitor administration, all patients received standard immunosuppressive treatment for 16 to 112 months including steroids and immunomodulators. All but one patient presented with high activity of disease (median ESR 80 mm/h, C-reactive protein level 16.8 mg/l, interleukin-6 level 7.2 pg/ml) that was confirmed with positron emission tomography (PET) with (18)F-deoxyglucose. Eight patients were treated with infliximab and one was treated with adalimumab, respectively. The median duration of treatment was 36 months (12 to 84 months). For induction treatment, we used infliximab 200-300 mg every 4-6 weeks and adalimumab 40 mg every 2 weeks. The treatment resulted in complete remission in five (55.6%) patients and incomplete remission in three (33.3%) patients. We were able to taper the dose of prednisone to ≤10 mg daily in all patients. Median levels of ESR, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 diminished to 20 mm/h, 1.0 mg/l, and 1.0 pg/ml, respectively. Repeated PET showed lower activity of vasculitis in six (85.7%) of seven patients. The treatment was safe and well-tolerated. Only one patient developed allergic reactions after infusions of infliximab. Four patients developed relapse of vasculitis when we tried to increase the dosing interval of infliximab to 6-8 weeks. TNF inhibitors were highly effective and safe in patients with refractory Takayasu's arteritis.
26 citations
TL;DR: The epidemiological data, the underlying molecular pathogenesis, and the aspects of prevention concerning retinoid‐induced depression in acne from the practical point of view of a dermatologist are highlighted.
Abstract: Cosmetic defects in acne may provoke a wide range of mental disorders (depressive, social-phobic, etc.). Isotretinoin is a very effective acne treatment; hence, it usually resolves the associated mental disorders. However, more available data show the possible association of taking isotretinoin and the onset of a depressive syndrome that includes frank depression and even suicidal ideation. The frequency of depressive disorders during isotretinoin treatment varies from 1% to 11% in different studies, and it is unclear whether this is a consequence of isotretinoin therapy. Since it crosses the blood-brain barrier, isotretinoin affects the expression of a broad spectrum of genes in the limbic structures, thus affecting the function of the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic neurons involved in the regulation of mood and emotion. It was suggested that isotretinoin in high concentrations inhibits hippocampal neurogenesis and induces apoptosis of hippocampal cells. However, some studies do not confirm this pathogenic role, and isotretinoin was even reported to have a therapeutic effect in acne-associated depression. In this review, we highlight epidemiological data, the underlying molecular pathogenesis, and the aspects of prevention concerning retinoid-induced depression in acne from the practical point of view of a dermatologist.
24 citations
TL;DR: S satisfaction with different aspects of sex was important, and was strongly associated with satisfaction with general health, relationships and other aspects of wellbeing, and for men and women there was a strong association between satisfaction with sex and overall health.
Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate whether better sexual health is associated with improvements in overall health and wellness, a more loving and intimate relationship, and a more positive outlook on life.MethodsThe Sexual Health and Overall Wellness survey used self-administered questionnaires to collect data from men and women aged 25–74 years who had had sexual intercourse at least once within the previous 12 months.ResultsAcross nine countries, 3780 self-administered questionnaires were completed: 1893 from men (mean age, 44.6 years); 1887 from women (mean age, 44.2 years). The majority of men and women were satisfied with the frequency of sexual intercourse over the previous 4 weeks (59% and 66%, respectively); the majority (67% and 55%, respectively) reported that having sex was ‘very important’ or ‘absolutely essential’. For men and women, there was a strong association between satisfaction with sex and overall health, and between satisfaction with sex and an overall positive outlook on life.ConclusionFor men...
19 citations
TL;DR: The association of heavy drinking with increased risk of cardiovascular disease may be partly due to alcohol-induced non-atherosclerotic damage to the myocardium, which is not secondary to the influence of alcohol on blood pressure.
Abstract: Russia has very high mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD), with evidence that heavy drinking may play a role. To throw further light on this association we have studied the association of alcohol with predictors of CVD risk including B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Levels of BNP increase primarily in response to abnormal cardiac chamber wall stretch which can occur both as a result of atherosclerosis as well as due to other types of damage to the myocardium. No previous population-based studies have investigated the association with alcohol. We analysed cross-sectional data on drinking behaviour in 993 men aged 25–60 years from the Izhevsk Family Study 2 (IFS2), conducted in the Russian city of Izhevsk in 2008–2009. Relative to non-drinkers, men who drank hazardously had an odds ratio (OR) of being in the top 20 % of the BNP distribution of 4.66 (95 % CI 2.13, 10.19) adjusted for age, obesity, waist–hip ratio, and smoking. Further adjustment for class of hypertension resulted in only slight attenuation of the effect, suggesting that this effect was not secondary to the influence of alcohol on blood pressure. In contrast hazardous drinking was associated with markedly raised ApoA1 and HDL cholesterol levels, but had little impact on levels of ApoB and LDL cholesterol. Similar but less pronounced associations were found in the Belfast (UK) component of the PRIME study conducted in 1991. These findings suggest that the association of heavy drinking with increased risk of cardiovascular disease may be partly due to alcohol-induced non-atherosclerotic damage to the myocardium.
TL;DR: Basic pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the CRS and current trends in practical approaches to treat patients with advanced heart failure are covered.
Abstract: CRS is a common problem in patients with advanced heart failure. Arterial underfilling with consequent neurohormonal activation, systemic and intrarenal vasoconstriction, and salt and water retention cause the main clinical features of CRS which include a progressive decline in renal function, worsening renal function during treatment of heart failure (HF) decompensation and resistance to loop diuretics. Impaired renal function in HF patients often reflects more advanced stages of cardiac failure, and thus is associated with a worse prognosis. However, a transient fall in glomerular filtration rate may be a result of successful treatment of congestion, and thereby might not be associated with decreased survival in HF patients. This review covers basic pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the CRS and current trends in practical approaches to treat these patients.
TL;DR: This review presents data on the classification, medical and industrial uses, active substance compositions, and methods for standardization of plant raw materials and medicinal substances from plants of Asarum species.
Abstract: This review presents data on the classification, medical and industrial uses, active substance compositions, and methods for standardization of plant raw materials and medicinal substances from plants of Asarum species.
TL;DR: In this paper, the physicochemical parameters and antibacterial effects of copper nanoparticles for the standardization of the given nanomaterial during further use as an antibacterial agent are investigated.
Abstract: Metals in the form of nanoparticles are one of the long-term challenges for the creation of a new class of antibacterial agents. The biological activity of nanoparticles of metals depends directly on their physical and chemical properties. The objective of this work is to study the physicochemical parameters and antibacterial effects of copper nanoparticles for the standardization of the given nanomaterial during further use as an antibacterial agent. The physical and chemical parameters and antibacterial effects of copper nanoparticles are investigated. Optical methods, including atomic force microscopy, spectrophotometry, and fluorometry, are used to determine the sizes of associates of nanoparticles. The size of copper nanoparticles was 75 nm, and the sizes of nanoparticle associates are 481.1–1037 nm. An oxide film without any admixture of organic molecules is detected on the surface of nanoparticles. The antibacterial effects of copper nanoparticles are studied on the basis of clinical polyantibiotic-resistant strains of epidermal staphylococcus and gramnegative nonfermentative microorganisms (causative agents of purulent flammatory diseases among patients of traumatology and orthopedic in-patient hospital departments). As a result of the investigations, a clear antibacterial effect of copper nanoparticles with specified physical characteristics on gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms of causative agents of wound infection is detected, which gives prospects for the further use of these particles as antibacterial agents.
28 Sep 2013
TL;DR: To improve the efficiency and acceptability of the hypoxia training procedures, a new method of interval hypoxic-hyperoxic training (IHHT) is suggested that uses hyperoxic rather than normoxic intervals between hypoxic gas breathing sessions.
Abstract: To improve the efficiency and acceptability of the hypoxia training procedures, a new method of interval hypoxic-hyperoxic training (IHHT) is suggested. This method uses hyperoxic rather than normoxic intervals between hypoxic gas breathing sessions. During these periods, the patient inhales through a mask gas mixture containing 30-40% O2. Switching between hypoxia and hyperoxia phases and adjustment of their durations is performed using the principle of biofeedback, which allows the individual patient’s sensitivity to hypoxia to be taken into account. In pilot placebo-controlled clinical trials, the efficiency (improved exercise tolerance, hypoxic resistance, normalization of lipid status), safety, and tolerability of individually adjusted IHHT were demonstrated.
TL;DR: In a Russian population with high levels of alcohol consumption, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) might be the most sensitive and specific biomarker for detecting ethanol consumption above 40 g/day.
Abstract: Aims
To assess the performance of a range of biomarkers of alcohol consumption in a heavy-drinking population of working-aged Russian men.
Design
Cross-sectional study of men originally sampled at random from a population register.
Setting
Izhevsk, a Russian city with a population of 650 000 people.
Participants
A total of 1023 men aged 27–59 years living in Izhevsk who took part in a health check examination in 2008–2009.
Measurements
Self-reported alcohol consumption, hazardous drinking behaviours, socio-economic position, anthropometric measurements plus blood levels of alcohol biomarkers [carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and mean cell volume of erythrocytes (MCV)] and hepatitis B and C status.
Findings
In the year before interview there was a high prevalence of high-risk alcohol consumption indicated by consumption of non-beverage alcohols (5%), problem drinking behaviours (4.4%) and alcohol consumption exceeding an average 40 g per day (12.6%). All biomarkers were associated strongly with total beverage alcohol consumption even after adjustment for confounders. CDT performed best as an alcohol biomarker, with a sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 71% for detecting an average consumption of more than 40 g per day versus less. For all biomarkers sensitivity was considerably lower than specificity. Hazardous drinking patterns per se were not well detected by any of the biomarkers, all with sensitivity below 60%.
Conclusions
In a Russian population with high levels of alcohol consumption, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) might be the most sensitive and specific biomarker for detecting ethanol consumption above 40 g/day. A biomarker reflecting hazardous drinking patterns has yet to be established.
TL;DR: This review addresses clinical picture of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the corre- sponding epidemiology data, morphological characteristics and prognosis, and percutaneous translumenal intervention is by far the most effective method of ACS management.
Abstract: This review addresses clinical picture of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the corre- sponding epidemiology data, morphological characteristics and prognosis. ACS in patients with T2DM features fulminant development, and its high lethality is due to chronic ischemic alterations in myocardium (the so-called ?metabolic ischemia?), as well as concomitant microangiopathy. It is more common for patients with T2DM to develop such complications of ACS as cardiogenic shock, acute left ventricular failure and arrhythmia that result in increased lethality during early hours of hospital admission when myocardial necrosis is yet to occur. Percutaneous translumenal intervention is by far the most effective method of ACS management in patients with T2DM. Whenever it is not available, a thrombolytic approach is indicated.
TL;DR: The structure and functions of endothelial cells after space mission were studied by electron and laser confocal microscopy, image analysis, and MTT test, which indicated injuries in the cytoskeleton and impairment of the barrier function of the cells, which presumably contributed to the development of endotocyte dysfunction.
Abstract: The structure and functions of endothelial cells after space mission were studied by electron and laser confocal microscopy, image analysis, and MTT test. The endothelial cells changed significantly (proliferative activity, size, contours, shape, distribution of mitochondria and microtubules) in comparison with controls on the Earth. These changes indicated injuries in the cytoskeleton and impairment of the barrier function of the cells, which presumably contributed to the development of endothelial dysfunction.
TL;DR: The paper shows their high prevalence, the predominance of cognitive impairments (CI) over neurological disorders in patients with mild and moderate injury, and describes the predictors of their course and prognosis.
Abstract: The paper gives the data of Russian and foreign authors and the results of this paper authors’ investigation of higher cerebral functions in patients who have sustained brain injury (BI). It shows their high prevalence, the predominance of cognitive impairments (CI) over neurological disorders in patients with mild and moderate injury, presents their quantitative and qualitative features (a preponderance of focal symptoms in severe injury and neurodynamic disorders in mild injury), describes the predictors of their course and prognosis (the degree of injury is one of the most important predictors), and discusses current trends in the medical correction of detected abnormalities.
TL;DR: Assessment of the quality of lipid-lowering therapy in high risk patients with cardiovascular diseases during medical supervision in specialized center leads to better blood lipid control and patient compliance to statin therapy.
Abstract: Aim. To assess the quality of lipid-lowering therapy in high risk patients with cardiovascular diseases during medical supervision in specialized center. Material and methods. The data of the PROFIL register are used. All patients having cardiovascular diseases, high cardiovascular risk, and seeking medical attention in specialized medical center were enrolled into this register. Patients (n=274) were split into groups: control group (n=82, patients who have applied for the first time for medical care), the main subgroup A (n=167; patients observed last 2 years), and the main subgroup B (n=25; patients observed more than 2 years). Results. The total cholesterol blood level was significantly lower in the main group compared to the control (p<0.05). Statins were constantly taken by 34% of patients in the control group, 71.6% - in subgroup A, and 61% - in subgroup B (p<0.05). Conclusion. Medical supervision in specialized medical center leads to better blood lipid control and patient compliance to statin therapy.
TL;DR: The study suggests that the quantitative analysis of the Hoover's test can be simple, reliable and cheap method of differential diagnosis between psychogenic and organic pareses, which could be of value in the routine neurological practice.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of solid dispersions on furacilin solubility were studied and it was supposed that several factors were responsible for the improved release of furacan from the SD.
Abstract: The effects of solid dispersions (SDs) on furacilin solubility were studied. Furacilin and its SDs with polyethyleneglycol-1500 (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-10000 (PVP) were investigated. SD formation doubled furacilin solubility and increased its dissolution rate as the SD with PVP by 12 times compared with furacilin powder. It was supposed that several factors were responsible for the improved release of furacilin from the SD. These included reduced crystallinity, amorphization, and intermolecular interactions, presumably H-bonds.
TL;DR: This patient fulfilled the ICHD II criteria for HaNDL syndrome, which is supposed to have viral, autoimmune or vascular origin or to be a rare variant of migraine with aura.
Abstract: Results Clinical presentation. In November 2009 a 21-year-old white female experienced 5 episodes of sudden ascending left side hypoestesia, dysarthria and sensory aphasia followed by a nausea and then by severe throbbing unilateral headache. Headache was accompanying with nausea, vomiting, photophono and osmophobia, and was located in the right temporal area. Neurological deficit resolved in one hour, headache aborted in 8 hours. At the moment of admission she had subfebrile temperatures but she had not any focal neurological deficit or meningeal signs. Patient had not any personal history of migraine, but her mother suffered from migraineous headaches. Lumbar puncture revealed lymphocytosis (86/mm3) and slightly elevated total protein (66 mg/dL). All investigations including MRI of the brain, EEG, carotid duplex and serological tests for certain viruses and bacteria were normal. Patient had not any episode of neurological deficit or migraineous headache during 10 months follow-up. This patient fulfilled the ICHD II criteria for HaNDL syndrome. It is supposed that HaNDL syndrome could have viral, autoimmune or vascular origin or to be a rare variant of migraine with aura. There is no any specific treatment for this syndrome.
01 Jan 2013-Vestnik Rossiĭskoĭ akademii meditsinskikh nauk / Rossiĭskaia akademiia meditsinskikh nauk
TL;DR: General aspects of proteomics as well as special ones on the basis of models of cardiac diseases and cancer are discussed.
Abstract: Proteomics is a science which studies proteins of the body, interactions of proteins and their biological functions. Today, it is an essential partner in establishing preclinical diagnosis protocols. In conjunction with other sciences such as genomics and bioinformatics it will be possible to diagnose diseases on the earliest stages before its clinical onset or to gain the dynamics of pathological processes in the body and response to drug therapy. This article discusses general aspects of proteomics as well as special ones on the basis of models of cardiac diseases and cancer.
TL;DR: The results of an acoustothermometric study of the human hand under local hyperthermia and hypothermia are presented and dynamic mapping of the acoustic brightness temperature of the hand is allowed.
Abstract: The results of an acoustothermometric study of the human hand under local hyperthermia and hypothermia are presented. Individuals under testing plunged their hands in hot or cold water for several minutes. Thermal acoustic radiation was detected by two sensors placed near the palm and near the backside of the tested hand. The internal temperature profiles of the hand were reconstructed. The indirect estimate of the reconstruction error was 0.6°C, which is acceptable for medical applications. Hyperthermia was achieved by placing the hand in water with a maximal temperature of 44°C for 2 min. In this case, the internal temperature was 35.4 ± 0.6°C. Hypothermia was achieved by placing the hand in water with a temperature of 17.8°C for 15 min. In this case, the internal temperature decreased from 26 to 24°C. The use of a four-sensor planar receiving array allowed dynamic mapping of the acoustic brightness temperature of the hand.
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of blood flow and thermal output on temperature changes in the human forearm under physical pressure is studied by acoustic thermometry, and the experiments in question have allowed us to test acoustic thermographic method on subjects, which is an important step in adopting acoustic thermography in clinical practice.
Abstract: The influence of blood flow and thermal output on temperature changes in the human forearm under physical pressure is studied by acoustic thermometry. Compression of the shoulder with a tourniquet decreases blood flow, which make it possible to evaluate the thermal output characteristics only. In calculating the depth temperature of the forearm, the thermal conductivity equation was used and blood flow and additional thermal output sources were taken into account. According to the calculations in which the experimental data were used, the peak depth temperature of the forearm at rest is 36°C. Due to thermal output alone (without blood flow), physical pressure increases this temperature to 37°C, and when both factors are considered, the temperature rises to 38°C. The experiments in question have allowed us to test acoustic thermographic method on subjects, which is an important step in adopting acoustic thermography in clinical practice.
TL;DR: Actovegin is a protein free hemodialysate from calf blood widely applicable in clinical practice as a medi cine which has an insulin like effect and increases cel lular energy methabolism during failures in blood cir culation and CNS nutrition.
Abstract: 57 Actovegin is a protein free hemodialysate from calf blood widely applicable in clinical practice as a medi cine which has an insulin like effect and increases cel lular energy methabolism during failures in blood cir culation and CNS nutrition (ischemic strokes, brain injuries), peripheral blood circulation (angiopathies, shin trophic ulcers), wounds treatment (smoldering wounds, bedsores), and burns, as well as during radia tion injuries [1]. This medicine is characterized by a low toxicity and absence of side effects. Actovegin includes low molecular weight peptides, nucleic acid deriva tives, inositolphosphooligosaccharides, and other com ponents with molecular weights less than 5 kDa.
TL;DR: It has been found experimentally that when measurements are performed with the help of a fiber optic probe, the main source of spectral discrepancy is related to probe sensitivity in contactless measurements.
Abstract: When several near-infrared instruments are used in a network and a common chemometric model is applied to spectral processing, comparison of the instruments is indispensable. Direct transferability often claimed by the producers should be treated with caution. It has been found experimentally that when measurements are performed with the help of a fiber optic probe, the main source of spectral discrepancy is related to probe sensitivity in contactless measurements. Here the influence of the probe-to-object distance on the acquired spectra is analyzed in detail. Special experimental setups are proposed to isolate various strongly influencing factors and to maintain stable measurement conditions. The application of an artificial standard instead of real-world objects helps to focus on the instrument/accessory characteristics.
TL;DR: The application of HPLC and UPLC techniques to the analysis of drugs in blood plasma during bioequivalence investigations and clinical monitoring was reviewed in this article, where various methods of sample preparation, chromatography, and detection were considered and their specific features were pointed out.
Abstract: The application of HPLC and UPLC techniques to the analysis of drugs in blood plasma during bioequivalence investigations and clinical monitoring was reviewed. Various methods of sample preparation, chromatography, and detection were considered and their specific features were pointed out.
TL;DR: The identified functional criteria of the contribution of the endothelial and neurogenic vasomotor regulatory components of microhemodynamics in the HT substantiate the involvement of the microcirculatory component and confirm the important role of the hyperoxic phase in the adaptive response of the body to acute hypoxia/hyperoxia.
Abstract: The dynamics of microvascular circulation and tissue oxygenation in response to the hypoxic test and the subsequent hyperoxia have been studied. The microcirculatory and tissue oxygenation parameters (laser Doppler flowmetry and optical tissue oximetry) were recorded in 30 apparently healthy young men during the hypoxic test (HT): breathing a gas mixture with 10% O2 for 10 min followed by hyperoxia (30% O2) for 3 min. It was established that, during the HT, no change in the relative level of tissue saturation with oxygen (SO2) occurred, but the relative degree of oxygen extraction by tissues (ΔSaO2-SO2) decreased significantly with a rapid recovery in the hypoxic phase. This is accompanied by the activation of the neurogenic sympathetic-related vasomotor mechanisms (NT), as well as the endothelium-dependent microvascular tone component (EDTC) with a decrease in the shunting index (SI) mostly in the hyperoxic phase but not during hypoxia. The nature of the microcirculatory response to hypoxia depends on the initial level of resistance/sensitivity to hypoxia. In hypoxia-sensitive subjects, the HT causes SaO2 and ΔSaO2-SO2 to decrease in the absence of significant shifts in the microcirculation regulation. Among the subjects resistant to hypoxia, HT leads to the nutritive blood flow activation by increasing the initially decreased EDTC and the neurogenic sympathetic component of microhemodynamics regulation and to a reduction of blood shunting. At the same time, ΔSaO2-SO2 does not significantly change, and the activation of microcirculation is also retained in the hyperoxic recovery phase. The identified functional criteria of the contribution of the endothelial and neurogenic vasomotor regulatory components of microhemodynamics in the HT substantiate the involvement of the microcirculatory component and confirm the important role of the hyperoxic phase in the adaptive response of the body to acute hypoxia/hyperoxia.