Showing papers by "Long Island University published in 2005"
TL;DR: This paper investigates how an organizational competence in boundary spanning emerges in practice by drawing on the concepts of boundary spanner and boundary object, and shows how boundary spanners-in-practice use various organizational and professional resources including the influence that comes with being nominated to boundary Spanners' roles to create the new joint field.
Abstract: This paper investigates how an organizational competence in boundary spanning emerges in practice by drawing on the concepts of boundary
spanner and boundary object. Using data from two qualitative field studies, we argue that in order for boundary spanning to emerge a new joint field of practice must be produced. Our data illustrate that some agents partially transform their practices in local settings so as to accommodate the interests of their counterparts. While negotiating the new joint field, these agents become what we call boundary spanners-in-practice who produce and use objects which become locally useful and which acquire a common identity-hence, boundary objects-in-use. Moreover, we show how boundary spanners-in-practice use various organizational and professional resources including the influence that comes with being nominated to boundary spanners' roles to create the new joint field. The conditions necessary for boundary spanners-in-practice to emerge are outlined and discussed, as are important implications for IS implementation and use.
1,154 citations
TL;DR: Severe childhood trauma appears to have occurred in about half of patients with bipolar disorder, and may lead to more complex psychopathological manifestations.
Abstract: Background Few investigations have examined the impact of childhood trauma, and domains of childhood abuse, on outcome in bipolar disorder.
Aims To evaluate the prevalence and subtypes of childhood abuse reported by adult patients with bipolar disorder and relationship to clinical outcome.
Method Prevalence rates of childhood abuse were retrospectively assessed and examined relative to illness complexity in a sample of 100 patients at an academic specialty centre for the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Results Histories of severe childhood abuse were identified in about half of the sample and were associated with early age at illness onset. Abuse subcategories were strongly inter-related. Severe emotional abuse was significantly associated with lifetime substance misuse comorbidity and past-year rapid cycling. Logistic regression indicated a significant association between lifetime suicide attempts and severe childhood sexual abuse. Multiple forms of abuse showed a graded increase in risk for both suicide attempts and rapid cycling.
Conclusions Severe childhood trauma appears to have occurred in about half of patients with bipolar disorder, and may lead to more complex psychopathological manifestations.
375 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigates what makes agents transform how they work with IT and how these transformations may be shared among members of the same work group and introduces the notion of social representations to the IS field in order to clarify these relationships.
234 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a minimax disparity approach for obtaining OWA operator weights is proposed by minimizing the maximum difference between any two adjacent weights.
215 citations
TL;DR: Exploratory analyses suggest that a mixture of both emotion-specific and global socialization strategies may best predict child psychopathology.
Abstract: When children experience emotions, do they view their primary caregiver as reacting in a different manner depending on the children's different emotions? Parental socialization of negative emotions and child psychopathology were examined among 161 inner city youth ages 11-14 years. These early adolescents were more likely to perceive their parents as responding in a different manner to different emotions than responding in the same way to different emotions. In addition, we asked if emotion-specific socialization strategies tell us more about child psychopathology than global socialization strategies do. Exploratory analyses suggest that a mixture of both emotion-specific and global socialization strategies may best predict child psychopathology. It remains important to clarify the emotional context of socialization strategies.
180 citations
TL;DR: The study demonstrated that both treatments – video modeling and in-vivo modeling – systematically increased appropriate affective responding in all response categories for the three participants.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to modify the affective behavior of three preschoolers with autism in home settings and in the context of play activities, and to compare the effects of video modeling to the effects of in-vivo modeling in teaching these children contextually appropriate affective responses. A multiple-baseline design across subjects, with a return to baseline condition, was used to assess the effects of treatment that consisted of reinforcement, video modeling, in-vivo modeling, and prompting. During training trials, reinforcement in the form of verbal praise and tokens was delivered contingent upon appropriate affective responding. Error correction procedures differed for each treatment condition. In the in-vivo modeling condition, the therapist used modeling and verbal prompting. In the video modeling condition, video segments of a peer modeling the correct response and verbal prompting by the therapist were used as corrective procedures. Participants received treatment in three categories of affective behavior – sympathy, appreciation, and disapproval – and were presented with a total of 140 different scenarios. The study demonstrated that both treatments – video modeling and in-vivo modeling – systematically increased appropriate affective responding in all response categories for the three participants. Additionally, treatment effects generalized across responses to untrained scenarios, the child’s mother, new therapists, and time.
167 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the effect of brief relational and cognitive behavioral therapy on a group of highly comorbid personality disordered patients, and found that the three treatments were equally effec-tive on standard statistical analyses of change, including those conducted on repeated measures and residual gainscores.
Abstract: This paper presents a study with theaim of evaluating the relative efÞcacyof an alliance-focused treatment, briefrelational therapy, in comparison to ashort-term dynamic therapy and acognitiveÐbehavioral therapy on a sam-ple of highly comorbid personality dis-ordered patients. Results indicated thatthe three treatments were equally effec-tive on standard statistical analyses ofchange, including those conducted onrepeated measures and residual gainscores. Some signiÞcant differenceswere indicated regarding clinically sig-niÞcant change and reliable change,favoring the brief relational andcognitiveÐbehavioral models. Therewas also a signiÞcant difference re-garding dropout rates, favoring briefrelational therapy.Keywords: therapeutic alliance, person-ality disorders, brief psychotherapies,treatment outcome, clinical signiÞcance,reliable change, dropout status
149 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigates the multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problem with fuzzy preference information on alternatives and proposes an eigenvector method to rank them and three optimization models are introduced, which integrate subjective fuzzy preference relations and objective information in different ways.
141 citations
TL;DR: Self-reported appetite was associated with hospitalization rate in haemodialysis patients and, thus, it may be a useful screening tool for this outcome, and patients who report poor or very poor appetites should be monitored.
Abstract: Background. Anorexia is an important cause of protein– energy malnutrition (PEM) in haemodialysis patients. We investigated whether self-reported appetite was associated with death and hospitalization in subjects enrolled in the Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study. Methods. The HEMO Study was a 7-year, multicentre, randomized trial (N ¼ 1846), which examined the effects of dialysis dose and membrane flux on mortality and morbidity. Three questions from the Appetite and Diet Assessment Tool (ADAT) were used to determine whether appetite had changed over time in the randomized treatment groups. The relations among ADAT scores, dietary protein and energy intakes, biochemical and anthropometric measures, and quality of life were assessed. We used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the relative risks of death and hospitalization associated with static and dynamic ADAT scores, adjusted for demographic factors, dose and flux assignments, and co-morbidity. Results. The average length of follow-up was 2.84 years. After adjusting for demographic factors and randomized treatment assignments, there was a significant association between poorer self-reported appetite and death (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.16–1.98); however, the association became non-significant with further adjustment for co-morbidity (RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.94–1.62). Poorer appetite was unequivocally associated with increased hospitalization rates (multivariable RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.13–1.61). The longitudinal effect of worsening appetite from baseline to 1 year was not associated with mortality or hospitalization rate after adjusting for co-morbidity. Conclusions. The association between appetite and death was confounded by co-morbidity. Self-reported appetite was associated with hospitalization rate in haemodialysis patients and, thus, it may be a useful screening tool for this outcome. Patients who report poor or very poor appetites should be monitored, and they should receive more comprehensive nutritional assessments.
129 citations
TL;DR: Cluster B personality disorders are prevalent comorbid conditions identifiable in a substantial number of individuals with bipolar disorder, making an independent contribution to increased lifetime suicide risk.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of their overlapping phenomenology and mutually chronic, persistent nature, distinctions between bipolar disorder and cluster B personality disorders remain a source of unresolved clinical controversy. The extent to which comorbid personality disorders impact course and outcome for bipolar patients also has received little systematic study. METHOD: One hundred DSM-IV bipolar I (N = 73) or II (N = 27) patients consecutively underwent diagnostic evaluations with structured clinical interviews for DSM-IV Axis I and cluster B Axis II disorders, along with assessments of histories of childhood trauma or abuse. Cluster B diagnostic comorbidity was examined relative to lifetime substance abuse, suicide attempt histories, and other clinical features. RESULTS: Thirty percent of subjects met DSM-IV criteria for a cluster B personality disorder (17% borderline, 6% antisocial, 5% histrionic, 8% narcissistic). Cluster B diagnoses were significantly linked with histories of childhood emotional abuse (p = .009), physical abuse (p = .014), and emotional neglect (p = .022), but not sexual abuse or physical neglect. Cluster B comorbidity was associated with significantly more lifetime suicide attempts and current depression. Lifetime suicide attempts were significantly associated with cluster B comorbidity (OR = 3.195, 95% CI = 1.124 to 9.088), controlling for current depression severity, lifetime substance abuse, and past sexual or emotional abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Cluster B personality disorders are prevalent comorbid conditions identifiable in a substantial number of individuals with bipolar disorder, making an independent contribution to increased lifetime suicide risk. Language: en
121 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a pilot study evaluated the feasibility of an approach developed to test the efficacy of a therapeutic intervention (brief relational therapy) for patients with whom it is difficult to establish a therapeutic alliance.
Abstract: This article describes a pilot study evaluating the feasibility of an approach developed to test the efficacy of a therapeutic intervention (brief relational therapy) for patients with whom it is difficult to establish a therapeutic alliance. In the first phase of the study, 60 patients were randomly assigned to either short-term dynamic therapy (STDP) or short-term cognitive therapy (CBT), and their progress in the first eight sessions of treatment was monitored. On the basis of a number of empirically derived criteria, 18 potential treatment failures were identified. In the second phase of the study, these identified patients were offered the option of being reassigned to another treatment. The 10 patients who agreed to switch treatments were reassigned either to the alliance-focused treatment, referred to as brief relational therapy (BRT), or a control condition. For patients coming from CBT, the control condition was STDP. For patients coming from STDP, the control condition was CBT. The results provide preliminary evidence supporting the potential value of BRT as an intervention that is useful in the context of alliance ruptures.
TL;DR: It is suggested that women with mental retardation can acquire effective decision-making strategies and apply them to situations of abuse in their lives.
Abstract: The effectiveness of an abuse-prevention curriculum, designed to empower women with mental retardation to become effective decision-makers able to protect themselves against abuse was examined. Thirty-six women with mental retardation were randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group. Results indicate that the performance of the women in the intervention group was superior to that of the women in the control group on measures of knowledge, decision-making, and empowerment but not on a measure of stress management. The findings suggest that women with mental retardation can acquire effective decision-making strategies and apply them to situations of abuse in their lives.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess within-subject associations between daily life events, positive and negative mood states, and exercise and the moderating role of personality for the exercise/mood relationship.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identified four types of technology sourcing: partnership-based, market-based; value-chain-based and internal sourcing, and showed the significant relationships between sourcing types and absorptive capability and competitive environment.
TL;DR: The hydration numbers reported refer to the average number of water molecules that are bound sufficiently strongly to calcium ions so as to be removed from the solvent and become part of the solute.
Abstract: Hydration numbers of calcium ions are determined from extensive measurements of colligative properties of water solutions of calcium salts. The hydration numbers reported refer to the average number of water molecules that are bound sufficiently strongly to calcium ions so as to be removed from the solvent and become part of the solute. Contrary to common descriptions of deviations from ideal behavior for concentrated solutions, ideal behavior is demonstrated when mole fractions are calculated by taking account of such bound water. Measurements over wide concentration and temperature ranges are used to obtain the effect of temperature on the average hydration number of Ca2+. Freezing point depression measurements yield a hydration number of 12.0 ± 0.8. Boiling point elevations yield 6.7 ± 0.6. Consistent with this, vapor pressure measurements from 0 to 200 °C show a gradual decrease in hydration number with increasing temperature, with a value of 5.0 at 200 °C.
TL;DR: In this paper, a treatment protocol was developed to facilitate the automatic spoken production of trained scripts in specific functional contexts by individuals with aphasia, and the purpose of this study was to measure its treatment outcomes.
Abstract: Background: Automatic production of spoken language is compromised in many individuals with aphasia whose speech is consistently effortful. Linguistic-based and functional treatments for aphasia both may help to return some automaticity to language production. However, neither approach specifically targets automaticity of speech production for individual with aphasia.Aims: A treatment protocol was developed to facilitate the automatic spoken production of trained scripts in specific functional contexts by individuals with aphasia. The purpose of this study was to measure its treatment outcomes.Methods & Procedures: Two individuals with non-fluent aphasia participated. A multiple baseline design across behaviours examined the acquisition of personally relevant short scripts. Script production was probed at the initiation and termination of treatment, and during weekly treatment sessions. Scripts were transcribed and analysed according to several measures of accuracy and fluency.Outcomes & Results: All scri...
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TL;DR: The case analysis emphasizes specific challenges that designers of support organizations face when increasing the degree of codification and considers that increased codification may help support organizations compete more efficiently with external vendors, but may also ease the process of outsourcing.
Abstract: This paper details a longitudinal interpretative field study of an Information Technology (IT) organization in which a new Chief Information Officer (CIO) implemented a major organizational redesign. The redesign increased the degree of codification in activities of the IT organization so as to control, coordinate, and deliver services more cost effectively to its business clients. We examine different stakeholders’ views of the change, the implementation processes, and the consequences of the redesign. The case analysis emphasizes specific challenges that designers of support organizations face when increasing the degree of codification. Key implications include the need for these designers to 1) pay as much if not more attention to the local organizational context as they do to the external environmental conditions; 2) communicate and negotiate constantly with various stakeholders concerning the appropriate degree of codification and control; 3) be wary of how a strict alignment of all design elements can blind the designer to important, unrecognized issues; and 4) consider that increased codification may help support organizations compete more efficiently with external vendors, but may also ease the process of outsourcing.
TL;DR: In this paper, the phytoplankton community and water chemistry of Mecox Bay was characterized, while assessing the impact of inlet openings and freshwater flow on these characteristics.
Abstract: Mecox Bay is a shallow, closed embayment, located on the south shore of Long Island, NY, which has an inlet that is periodically opened by natural and anthropogenic processes, allowing for tidal exchange with the coastal Atlantic Ocean The aim of this study was to characterize the phytoplankton community and water chemistry of Mecox Bay, while assessing the impact of inlet openings and freshwater flow on these characteristics Results indicated that groundwater and tributaries entering Mecox were an important source of nitrogen (N) to the bay, being enriched in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN = 140 ± 20 μM) Inlet openings yielded increased salinity and chlorophyll a levels, but decreased depths and diatom densities in Mecox Bay Other parameters, such as nutrient concentrations (N, P), pico- and nanophytoplankton densities, and the nutrient limitation of phytoplankton communities were more strongly influenced by seasonal changes associated with temperature Dissolved inorganic nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios decreased from above 100 during winter to below one during summer, as concentrations of DIN and freshwater flow rates in Mecox Bay declined and DIP levels concurrently increased In concert with changes in the nutrient regime, field experiments indicated that growth rates of the phytoplankton community in Mecox Bay shifted from P-limited during winter and spring to N-limited during summer and fall Finally, the abundance of phytoplankton (mean annual chlorophyll a concentration ∼10 μg L−1) and the temporarily closed nature of Mecox Bay may both contribute toward enhanced secondary productivity of resident shellfish populations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the duration, intensity, and frequency of the acoustic signal of the swallowing signal and found significant correlations between the variables and between bolus consistencies.
Abstract: Cervical auscultation has been proposed as a technique to augment the clinical evaluation of dysphagia to improve its accuracy in the diagnosis of dysphagia. Before using cervical auscultation to reliably diagnose disordered swallowing, it is necessary to first acoustically characterize normal swallowing for comparison with dysphagic swallowing. Ninety-seven healthy adult participants consumed teaspoon boluses of various consistencies while the sounds of swallowing were recorded. Descriptive statistics were reported for measures of duration, intensity, and frequency of the acoustic swallowing signal. Correlations between the variables and between bolus consistencies were computed. Overall, results compared favorably with previous research. Significant correlations were found among several of the variables, including an increasing duration of the acoustic swallowing signal with increasing age and decreasing intensity of the signal with increasing age. None of the variables differed significantly as a function of gender. Of potential clinical relevance, significant correlations between bolus consistencies for the duration and intensity variables indicated relative similarities across bolus consistencies. Duration and intensity of the acoustic signal appeared to be the most reliable of the variables measured. These results could serve as a reference point for future studies into normal swallowing across multiple bolus consistencies and volumes and eventually be compared with disordered swallowing.
TL;DR: Certain nonhydrochloride salt forms may still be preferred for dosage form development due to kinetic advantages during dissolution, such as higher apparent dissolution rate of a nonhydrosulfonate salt before it could completely convert to the hydrochloride form.
TL;DR: This article reviews the pharmacology, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, clinical efficacy, tolerability, and cost of tiotropium therapy in patients with COPD and finds tiotroropium to be cost-effective compared with ipratropium.
TL;DR: The findings of the studies reviewed do not provide evidence that vitamin E may reduce the risk of cancer; thus, at the present time it is not recommend daily vitamin E intake for cancer prevention is not recommended.
Abstract: OBJECTIVETo review clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of vitamin E supplementation in cardiovascular disease and cancer prevention.DATA SOURCESUsing the MeSH search terms alpha-tocopherol, tocopherols, vitamin E, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, malignancy, and clinical trials, a literature review was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles in MEDLINE (1966–July 2005).STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTIONPublished materials including original research, and previous meta-analyses were included. Only English-language articles and trials on vitamin E alone or in combination with other vitamins or minerals were reviewed. Emphasis was placed on prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials.DATA SYNTHESISEight clinical studies demonstrated contradicting results regarding the benefits of vitamin E in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. There is enough evidence from large, well-designed studies to discourage the use of vitamin E in the primary preven...
TL;DR: The subcutaneous injection of insulin nanoparticles was able to prolong its duration of hypoglycemic effect from 6 to 72 h and effective oral absorption of the entrapped insulin was significantly better when compared with non-encapsulated insulin or the control experiments.
TL;DR: There is enough evidence from large, well-designed studies to discourage the use of vitamin E in Parkinson's disease, cataract, and Alzheimer's disease and recommend that vitamin E be considered a treatment option in patients with tardive dyskinesia only if they are newly diagnosed.
Abstract: OBJECTIVETo review clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of vitamin E supplementation in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, tardive dyskinesia, and cataract.DATA SOURCESUsing the MeSH terms alpha-tocopherol, tocopherols, vitamin E, Parkinson disease, tardive dyskinesia, Alzheimer disease, cataract, and clinical trials, a literature review was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles in MEDLINE (1966–July 2005).STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTIONPublished materials including original research, review articles, and meta-analyses were reviewed. Only English-language articles and trials that included vitamin E alone or in combination with other vitamins or minerals were reviewed. Emphasis was placed on prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials.DATA SYNTHESISThe clinical studies demonstrated contradicting results regarding the benefits of vitamin E in Parkinson's disease, tardive dyskinesia, and cataract. The study reviewed for Alzheimer's disease seemed ...
TL;DR: A survey of librarians at AACSB-accredited schools was conducted by as discussed by the authors, which revealed that business information literacy instruction, while widespread and prevalent, is still developing, and only about a third of respondents have incorporated the Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education into their instruction efforts with business students.
Abstract: Business leaders have long known that information can provide a significant strategic advantage to companies, and is indeed an important business asset. While information literacy efforts continue to grow on campuses across the nation, what is the progress of information literacy instruction with business students? In order to find out, a survey of librarians at AACSB-accredited schools was conducted. The results of the survey reveal that business information literacy instruction, while widespread and prevalent, is still developing. Collaboration between librarians and business faculty is overwhelmingly described as moderate, and only about a third of respondents have incorporated the Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education into their instruction efforts with business students. Assessment of business students' information literacy remains an area for continued growth as the majority of librarians report that they do not assess their students' business information literacy. ...
TL;DR: There are multiple barriers that prevent the adequate assessment of the nutritional status of dialysis patients and only after these resources are provided will it be possible to determine the impact of the nutrition guidelines on patient outcomes.
TL;DR: Qualitative data analysis revealed the following four themes: last resort, surgery provides structure, reality setsin, and positive about the decision to have the surgery.
TL;DR: Greater anger was related to better health in all groups other than U.S-born European Americans, and increased emotion inhibition was associated with better health among immigrant Eastern European women.
Abstract: Although emotions and patterns of emotion regulation are central to models linking personality and health, the generalizability of these models to diverse populations of older adults remains untested. In this study, 1,364 community-dwelling women (aged 50-70 years) from six ethnic groups completed self-report measures of trait anger, inhibition, defensiveness, and health. As expected, reports of trait anger and emotion inhibition predicted poorer health (and defensiveness better health), even when demographics and health behaviors were controlled. However, these characteristics related to outcome differently across ethnic groups; greater anger was related to better health in all groups other than U.S-born European Americans, and increased emotion inhibition was associated with better health among immigrant Eastern European women. Results are discussed within a contextualistic model of emotions and health, and directions for future research are given.