Showing papers by "Moscow State University published in 1992"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors scrutinize the basis on which the various methods and approaches rest, in order to assess their relevance to the specific electrochemical situation and, as far as possible, their absolute reliability.
1,082 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the charging effects of tunnel junctions in a regime where the charging energy E c = e2/2C is larger than the thermal energy k B T.
Abstract: With the advances of microfabrication techniques in recent years it has become possible to fabricate tunnel junctions of increasingly smaller dimensions and thereby decreasing capacitance C. Nowadays one can study tunnel junctions in a regime where the charging energy E c = e2/2C is larger than the thermal energy k B T. Then charging effects play an important role and this has been the subject of a by now large body of both theoretical and experimental work.
354 citations
TL;DR: It is clear from this review that many of the effects of these histidine-containing dipeptides, especially in regard to claims for their therapeutic effects, need to be subjected to critical experimental and clinical examination.
302 citations
TL;DR: It was found that solubilization of FITC in pluronic micelles considerably influences its distribution in animal (mouse) tissues resulting, in particular, in the drastic increase of F ITC fluorescence in lung.
293 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that efficient function of this element involves two appropriately spaced smaller elements: UUUCC and an AUG, which is similar to the prokaryotic translation initiation mechanism, but in the picornavirus system the position of the UUU CC must be strictly fixed relative to upstream cis-acting elements, and the AUG may not necessarily serve as an initiation codon.
275 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, scaling properties of the diffraction dissociation of virtual photons in a deep inelastic scattering were studied in perturbative QCD and the authors found that quarks carry ≈ 10% of pomeron's momentum.
Abstract: We study scaling properties of the diffraction dissociation of virtual photons in a deep inelastic scattering. We concentrate on the total diffraction dissociation rate, diffraction excitation mass spectrum and the pomeron structure function to the lowest order in perturbative QCD. We calculate the valence structure function and the strangeness and charm content of the pomeron and estimate the ocean structure function using the pomeron factorization property. We find that quarks carry ≈ 10% of pomeron's momentum. Differential cross section of the (virtual) photon-pomeron scattering is found to exhibit features typical of the hadronic two-body reactions, supporting a treatment of the Pomeron as a particle, whereas the flavor dependence of structure functions does not support the particle treatment of the pomeron. Diffraction dissociation of photons is predicted to make ≈ 15% of the total deep inelastic scattering rate at smallx and largeQ2. Detailed predictions for the mass spectrum and angular distribution of jets produced on the valence component of the pomeron are presented.
260 citations
TL;DR: The simultaneous modification of the plasma dielectric response by the propagating electromagnetic radiation via the above two mechanisms enhances the medium transparency in the paraxial domain where the intensity is maximal.
Abstract: Relativistic and charge-displacement self-channeling is one of the most significant phenomena in the entire area of the interactions of extremely intense laser pulses with matter. Both the relativistic increase in the mass of laserdriven plasma electrons and the reduction of electron concentration under the effect of the ponderomotive force tend to reduce the local electron frequency in a laser-irradiated plasma. As a result, the simultaneous modification of the plasma dielectric response by the propagating electromagnetic radiation via the above two mechanisms enhances the medium transparency in the paraxial domain where the intensity is maximal. Under certain conditions discussed in this chapter, this effect leads to the emergence of channeled regimes of superintense laser pulse propagation in underdense plasmas. In these regimes, the laser radiation diffraction is suppressed, nonlinear beam self-trapping occurs, and the laser pulse propagates into the plasma over dozens of Rayleigh ranges. An additional electromagnetic radiation confinement mechanism emerges due to electron cavitation, namely, the total expulsion of the electron fluid from a certain spatial area. Then, the laser beam propagates within the resulting channel, where the intensities can reach the level of 1022 W/cm2.
233 citations
TL;DR: Bovine retinal recoverin has been analyzed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for post-translational modifications that might influence its activity and heterogeneous acylation was detected at the NH2 terminus.
217 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1992TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe an area which is comparatively new and presents the results of the few references used for recovery, one of the main sources is the joint monograph [BMPZ].
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes an area which is comparatively new and presents the results of the few references used for recovery.. One of the main sources is the joint monograph [BMPZ]. An extensive use of the monograph is made. All algebras to be considered are vector spaces over K unless otherwise specified. These vector spaces are graded by elements of a commutative additive group G. For other pairs of elements, the commutator is defined by linearity. Ordinary Lie superalgebras find their origin in algebraic topology and find applications in various fields of mathematics. By modifying the operation of a colour Lie superalgebra, there can be a reduction of questions about these algebras to those about ordinary Lie superalgebras. One of the most important concepts, which is a powerful tool in the study of Lie superalgebras is the (universal) enveloping algebra U (L) of a colour Lie superalgebra L. A common way of obtaining superalgebras is through semidirect products. The problem of finding linear bases is important in the case of free Lie algebras, and also in the case of free algebras in varieties other than the variety of all Lie superalgebras.
183 citations
TL;DR: Each of the eight microscopic rate constants that has been evaluated for the PPases from both Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is quite similar in magnitude for the two enzymes, supporting the notion of a conserved mechanism.
TL;DR: In this article, the temperature dependences of initial magnetic permeability, specific heat capacity and magnetocaloric effect in annealed and quenched samples of Fe 48 Rh 51 alloys near the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic (AF-F) first-order phase transition have been investigated.
TL;DR: In this paper, the total photoproduction cross section was determined from a measurement of electroproduction with the ZEUS detector at HERA, and the Q2 values of the virtual photons were in the range 10−7
TL;DR: In this article, the growth of some numerical characteristics of the mappings under their iterations in the context of the general problem of integrability is discussed and the analogies with quantum integrable systems are discussed.
Abstract: The growth of some numerical characteristics of the mappings under their iterations in the context of the general problem of integrability is discussed. In the general case such characteristics as complexity by Arnold or the number of the different images for the multiple-valued mappings are growing exponentially. It is shown that the integrability is closely related with thepolynomial growth. The analogies with quantum integrable systems are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the bi-hamiltonian structure of the averaged Gelfand-Dikii hierarchy is involved in the Landau-Ginsburg topological models (forA n -Series): the Casimirs for the first P.B. gave the correct coupling parameters for the perturbed topological minimal model; the correspondence {coupling parameters}→{primary fields} is determined by the second P.b.
Abstract: We show that the bi-hamiltonian structure of the averaged Gelfand-Dikii hierarchy is involved in the Landau-Ginsburg topological models (forA n -Series): the Casimirs for the first P.B. give the correct coupling parameters for the perturbed topological minimal model; the correspondence {coupling parameters}→{primary fields} is determined by the second P.B. The partition function (at the tree level) and the chiral algebra for LG models are calculated for any genusg.
TL;DR: In this article, the generalization of the motion of a particle in a central field to the case of a constant curvature space is investigated and the integrability of the generalized two-centre problem remains even if elastic forces are added.
Abstract: In this article the generalization of the motion of a particle in a central field to the case of a constant curvature space is investigated. We found out that orbits on a constant curvature surface are closed in two cases: when the potential satisfies Iaplace-Beltrami equation and can be regarded as an analogue of the potential of the gravitational interaction, and in the case when the potential is the generalization of the potential of an elastic spring. Also the full integrability of the generalized two-centre problem on a constant curvature surface is discovered and it is shown that integrability remains even if elastic “forces” are added.
TL;DR: The expression systems described here open the door to high-resolution x-ray crystallographic and nuclear magnetic resonance studies of this new member of the EF-hand superfamily and to the elucidation of its precise mode of action as a calcium switch.
Abstract: Recoverin, a recently discovered 23-kDa calcium-binding protein, activates retinal rod guanylate cyclase when the calcium level is lowered in the submicromolar range. We report here the cloning and sequencing of a cDNA for recoverin from a bovine retinal expression library. The recoverin coding sequence was inserted into a pET-11a expression vector under control of the T7 phage promoter. A second expression system, in which the coding sequence was placed under control of the lambda phage PR promoter, gave 10-fold higher yields (10 mg of purified recoverin per liter of Escherichia coli culture). The finding that retinal recoverin is myristoylated at its amino terminus led us to coexpress the recombinant protein and N-myristoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.97). Myristoylated recombinant recoverin formed in this way in E. coli is like retinal recoverin in exhibiting a large calcium-induced shift in its tryptophan fluorescence emission spectrum. The availability of abundant protein enabled us to crystallize unmyristoylated recombinant recoverin and initiate x-ray studies. The space group of tetragonal crystals obtained from 75% saturation ammonium sulfate is I4 with unit cell dimensions a = 85.1 A and c = 59.8 A. These crystals of the calcium-bound form of the protein diffracted to a resolution of 2.2 A. The expression systems described here open the door to high-resolution x-ray crystallographic and nuclear magnetic resonance studies of this new member of the EF-hand superfamily and to the elucidation of its precise mode of action as a calcium switch.
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that a new type of instability of a light field in a dissipative medium (spatiotemporal instability) can be observed by controlling the spatial scale and the topology of the transverse interactions of light fields in a medium with cubic nonlinearity.
Abstract: It is shown that a new type of instability of a light field in a dissipative medium (spatiotemporal instability, which causes the generation of new types of nonlinear light wave) can be observed by controlling the spatial scale and the topology of the transverse interactions of light fields in a medium with cubic nonlinearity. The excitation conditions for optical reverberators, rotating helical waves, and various dissipative structures are experimentally determined. Transformations and interactions of the structures lead to optical turbulence in both space and time. Physical interpretation of these phenomena is based on the parabolic equation for the nonlinear phase shift. It is found that this theoretical model allows one not only to obtain the excitation conditions but to investigate thoroughly such phenomena as hysteresis and nonlinear interactions of structures.
TL;DR: The quasiparticle current through a superconducting island in the Coulomb blockade regime is calculated and reflects the difference between ground-state properties of the superconductor with even and with odd number of electrons.
Abstract: We have calculated the quasiparticle current through a superconducting island in the Coulomb blockade regime. The current depends strongly on the parity of the total number of free electrons in the island. This dependence reflects the difference between ground-state properties of the superconductor with even and with odd number of electrons.
TL;DR: In this article, a study of the dependence of the electroreduction of NO 3 − anions on a platinized platinum electrode on the solution pH, the concentration of NO 2 − ions and the adsorption of Cs+, La3+ and Cd2+ cations and Cu adatoms was performed with the aim of elucidating the mechanism of the process and, in particular, the nature of the extremal character of the rate dependence on potential.
TL;DR: The results permit us to outline some approaches to the search for traces of life in the permafrost of Martian sediments by borehole core sampling, and it is in the deep horizons, isolated bypermafrost from the external conditions, that results similar to those obtained on Earth can be expected.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported on the study of oriented carbyne layers prepared using three different techniques: 1) chemical carbonization of a poly(vinylidene fluoride) film, 2) ion sputtering of graphite, and 3) condensation of carbon vapor produced by an electrical arc.
TL;DR: In this article, the elastocaloric effect, electrical resistivity and thermal expansion have been investigated in a quenched sample of Fe 49 Rh 51 alloy and the giant negative temperature change resulting from a tensile stress of 529 MN/m 2 applied to the sample, is found to be 5.17 K.
TL;DR: The author gives a confirmation of M. Gromov’s claim that, in a definite statistical meaning, almost every group is hyperbolic.
Abstract: The author gives a confirmation of M. Gromov’s claim that, in a definite statistical meaning, almost every group is hyperbolic.
TL;DR: In this paper, the quenching properties of several Pt-porphyrins incorporated into polymer matrices have been studied to optimize the preparation of sensitive coatings for fibre-optical sensors.
TL;DR: The data are incompatible with some current models both for the three‐dimensional arrangement of 16S RNA and for the orientation of the tRNA‐mRNA complex in the ribosome.
Abstract: Synthetic mRNA analogues were prepared by T7 transcription, each containing several thio-uridine residues at selected positions. After binding to the ribosome in the presence of cognate tRNA, the thio-U residues were activated by UV irradiation and the resulting sites of cross-linking to 16S RNA analysed. Three distinct cross-links were consistently observed: (i) from position '+6' of the mRNA (the 3'-base of the A-site codon) to base 1052 of 16S RNA; (ii) from position '+7' of the mRNA to base 1395; and (iii) from '+11' to base 532. Individual yields of the cross-links were strongly dependent on the particular mRNA sequence in each case. The '+11/532' and '+6/1052' cross-links were always entirely tRNA-dependent, whereas the '+7/1395' cross-link was observed at lower intensity in the absence of tRNA. In the presence of a second (A-site bound) tRNA the +6/1052 cross-link was markedly reduced. A cross-link to the 1050 region was again observed when a message carrying a thio-U at position '+9' was translocated on the ribosome so as to bring the thio-U to position +6. Taken together, the data are incompatible with some current models both for the three-dimensional arrangement of 16S RNA and for the orientation of the tRNA-mRNA complex in the ribosome.
TL;DR: In this article, the universal R-matrix for quantized Kac-Moody algebras is shown to be uniquely determined by the property of the quasi-cocommutativity only.
Abstract: Up to now, the universal R-matrix for quantized Kac-Moody algebras1 is believed to be uniquely determined (for some ansatz) by properties of a quasi-cocommutativity and a quasi-triangularity. We prove here that the universal R-matrix (for the same ansatz) is uniquely determined by the property of the quasi-cocommutativity only. Thus, the quasi-triangular property (and the Yang-Baxter equation!) for the universal R-matrix is a consequence of the linear equation of the quasi-cocommutativity. The proof is based on properties of singular vectors in the tensor product of the Verma modules and the structure of extremal projector for quantized algebras. Explicit expressions of the universal R-matrix for quantized algebras Uq(Ainf1sup(1)) and Uq(Ainf2sup(2)) are given.
TL;DR: In this article, the anomalous dimensions and β-functions in a general renormalizable theory with the global SU( n ) symmetry are calculated in the leading two-loop approximation.
TL;DR: Theoretical analysis of cellulase product inhibition in terms of the mathematical model for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis showed that double‐reciprocal plots, usually used in a product inhibition study, may be nonlinear, and different inhibition patterns (noncompetitive, competitive, or mixed type) may be observed.
Abstract: Theoretical analysis of cellulase product inhibition (by cellobiose and glucose) has been performed in terms of the mathematical model for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis The analysis showed that even in those cases when consideration of multienzyme cellulase system as one enzyme (cellulase) or two enzymes (cellulase and β-glucosidase) is valid, double-reciprocal plots, usually used in a product inhibition study, may be nonlinear, and different inhibition patterns (noncompetitive, competitive, or mixed type) may be observed Inhibition pattern depends on the cellulase binding constant, enzyme concentration, maximum adsorption of the enzyme (cellulose surface area accessible to the enzyme), the range in which substrate concentration is varied, and β-glucosidase activity A limitation of cellulase adsorption by cellulose surface area that may occur at high enzyme/substrate ratio is the main reason for nonlinearity of double-reciprocal plots Also, the results of calculations showed that material balance by substrate, which is usually neglected by researchers studying cellulase product inhibition, must be taken into account in kinetic analysis even in those cases when the enzyme concentration is rather low © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01 Jul 1992-International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements
TL;DR: The model developed by as mentioned in this paper establishes the parameters and the characteristics describing variations of the fluxes of electrons, protons and nuclei of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) with energy of 10−105 MeV nucl−1 in the near-Earth space beyond the Earth's magnetosphere.