Showing papers by "Nagoya Institute of Technology published in 1995"
TL;DR: In this paper, the Kolmogorov velocity scale was introduced to account for the near-wall and low-Reynolds-number effects in both attached and detached flows.
724 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a task group of the JCPDS-International Center for Diffraction Data (ICDD) was established with the charge of investigating the use of silver behenate, CH 3 (CH 2 ) 20 COO·Ag, as a possible low-angle calibration standard for powder diffraction applications.
Abstract: A task group of the JCPDS—International Center for Diffraction Data (ICDD) was established with the charge of investigating the use of silver behenate, CH 3 (CH 2 ) 20 COO·Ag, as a possible low-angle calibration standard for powder diffraction applications. Utilizing several data collection and analysis techniques, long-period spacing ( d 001 ) values with a range of 58.219–58.480 A were obtained. Using the same collected data and one data analysis refinement calculation method resulted in dm values with a range of 58.303–58.425 A. Data collected using a silicon internal standard and the same singular data analysis calculation method provided d 001 values with a range of 58.363–58.381 A.
202 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a wood-like microstructure was produced by vacuum-infiltrating charcoal with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), which was hydrolyzed in an ammoniacal solution to form SiO 2 gel.
Abstract: SiC with a woodlike microstructure was produced by vacuum-infiltrating charcoal with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The TEOS in the cell structure was hydrolyzed in an ammoniacal solution to form SiO 2 gel. The SiO 2 -replicated charcoal was fired at 1400°C in Ar to form α-SiC. After residual carbon was burned off at 700°C in air, porous α-SiC with the original wood structure, analogous with fossilized wood, was produced.
198 citations
TL;DR: Production of hydroxyl radicals was examined in the diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin to prove its involvement to the pathogenesis of diabetes and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid was suggested to account for some pathological process especially in the heart muscle and brain.
176 citations
TL;DR: The intake of animal fats rich in saturated fatty acids, compared with the intake of vegetable oils rich in monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acid, decreases diet-induced thermogenesis by a decline of sympathetic activity in brown adipose tissue, resulting in the promotion of body fat accumulation.
Abstract: The objectives of the present study were to examine the effects of dietary fats differing in fatty acid composition on diet-induced thermogenesis, sympathetic activity in brown adipose tissue and body fat accumulation in rats. Rats were meal-fed for 12 wk an isoenergetic diet based on lard, high oleic acid safflower oil, safflower oil or linseed oil, and norepinephrine turnover rates in brown adipose tissue were then estimated. Whole-body oxygen consumption after the meal indicated that diet-induced thermogenesis was significantly lower in rats fed the lard diet than in those fed the other diets. The norepinephrine turnover rate in the interscapular brown adipose tissue was also significantly lower in the lard diet group than in the other diet groups. The carcass fat content was significantly higher in the lard diet group than in the other diet groups, whereas the abdominal adipose tissue weights were the same in all diet groups. These results suggest that the intake of animal fats rich in saturated fatty acids, compared with the intake of vegetable oils rich in monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids, decreases diet-induced thermogenesis by a decline of sympathetic activity in brown adipose tissue, resulting in the promotion of body fat accumulation.
164 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a galvanic cell type of hydrogen sensor was developed using CaZrO3-based proton conductor as a solid electrolyte, which could be used for the accurate determination of hydrogen concentration in molten aluminum alloys.
164 citations
TL;DR: Porous anatase coatings were prepared from alkoxide solutions containing organic polymer by a dip-coating technique as mentioned in this paper, and the morphology of the coatings, such as pore size, pore distribution and thickness, was controlled.
Abstract: Porous anatase coatings were prepared from alkoxide solutions containing organic polymer by a dip-coating technique. The morphology of the coatings, such as pore size, pore distribution and thickness, was controlled. The effects of the morphology of the porous anatase coatings on the photocatalytic activity for the photocatalytic decomposition of aqueous acetic acid were examined.
143 citations
02 Apr 1995
TL;DR: The proposed media synchronization mechanism consists of intra-stream and inter-stream synchronization mechanisms which adjusts the output timing among stored continuous media streams in multimedia communications and is enhanced to support real-time-inputted media streams as in TV conferencing.
Abstract: This paper proposes a media synchronization mechanism which adjusts the output timing among stored continuous media streams in multimedia communications. The proposed method consists of intra-stream and inter-stream synchronization mechanisms. The inter-stream synchronization control is performed after the intra-stream synchronization control. Then, whether the intra-stream synchronization is still maintained or not is checked. The mechanism con be used in networks which have unknown delay bounds, and it does not suppose periodical generation of media units such as video frames. It also deals with two types of media streams depending on how strictly to synchronize media streams: tightly-coupled media streams and loosely-coupled media streams. Furthermore, we enhance the mechanism to support real-time-inputted media streams as in TV conferencing.
135 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a generalized hypothesis for the brittle to ductile transition in micromachining and microindentation of brittle materials is proposed, which explains complicated transition phenomena observed in practical machining processes.
130 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the conductivities of perovskite oxides in an atmosphere containing hydrogen or deuterium with the 4-wires ac impedance technique at temperatures ranging from 623 to 673 K.
Abstract: Much attention is paid some perovskite oxides because they can be used as proton-conductive solid electrolytes in many attractive applications, for example, in fuel cells, hydrogen pumps, steam electrolyzers, hydrogen analyzers, hydrogen or steam sensors, electrochemical reactors, and as devices for fundamental studies of some hydrogen-metal systems. The conductivities of a protonic conductor, 1.0 mole percent (m/o) In{sub 2}O{sub 3}-doped CaZrO{sub 3}, were measured in an atmosphere containing hydrogen or deuterium with the 4-wires ac impedance technique at temperatures ranging from 623 to 673 K. In high oxygen activities, H{sup +}/D{sup +}-isotope effects were observed below about 1100 K. The ratio of conductivities of protons to deuterons increased as the temperature decreased and rose to about 1.6 at 673 K. It was made clear by this observation that at low temperatures electrical conduction is dominated by proton and at high temperatures by positive hole, respectively. On the other hand, at high hydrogen activities, the isotopes effects were observed up to about 1600 K and it was concluded that proton is dominant below this temperature. Over that temperature, the isotope effects vanished and the electrical conductivities were independent of gas potentials. It was concluded that electrical conduction over 1600 K andmore » was dominated by oxide ions. As electrical carriers obey the thermally activated process, the activation energies were calculated by the least squares method. The obtained activation energies of protons, deuterons, positive holes, and oxide ion vacancies were 0.74 {+-} 0.05, 0.70 {+-} 0.05, 1.21 {+-} 0.07, and 2.5 {+-} 0.5 eV, respectively. Based on the model of defects equilibria and these experimental findings, the protonic conduction domain of the specimen was determined and is represented in temperature-potential diagrams.« less
125 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that in the electrochemical synthesis of calcium phosphate in this temperature range the diffusion process is a rate-determining step.
TL;DR: In this article, the stoichiometry of pyrite dissolution by Fe(II) ions was studied in a chloride media around pH 2, and the major constituent of the layer was elemental S, identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman Spectroscopy.
TL;DR: In this article, the applicability of three different wave propagation models in nonlinear dispersive wave fields has been investigated, and the numerical models tested were based on three wave theories: a fully nonlinear potential theory, a Stokes second-order theory, and a Boussinesq-type theory with an improved dispersion relation.
TL;DR: The oxidation of NM(R)Sal into DiMeDHIQ+ and the production of hydroxyl radicals may be essential for neurotoxicity to develop in dopamine neurons.
TL;DR: In this paper, the chemical reactions in the hardening of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) block were investigated using ground quartz of different particle sizes, and the results indicated that the utilization of finer quartz has the advantage of reducing the processing time.
TL;DR: In this article, home made capillary columns with four different silica-based reversed phase packings have been operated under PEC conditions separating non ionic and ionic low molecular weight analytes.
Abstract: Pressurized flow electrochromatography (PEC) is a hybrid of capillary LC and capillary electroendosmotic chromatography (CEC). Both a pressure gradient and an electric field are applied across a packed capillary. The feasability of a simple, easy to handle PEC instrumentation is demonstrated. Home made capillary columns with four different silica-based reversed phase packings have been operated under PEC conditions separating non ionic and ionic low molecular weight analytes. The capillary columns have been characterized with respect to their separation efficiency and selectivity and the results have been compared to those obtained with the purely pressure driven system. An electrochromatographic capacity factor is discussed.
TL;DR: To ascertain the minimal structural requirements for formation of the subunit and core light-harvesting complex (LH1), the alpha- and beta-polypeptides of the LH1 from three purple photosynthetic bacteria were enzymatically or chemically truncated or modified.
Abstract: To ascertain the minimal structural requirements for formation of the subunit and core light-harvesting complex (LH1), the alpha- and beta-polypeptides of the LH1 from three purple photosynthetic bacteria were enzymatically or chemically truncated or modified. These polypeptides were then used in reconstitution experiments with bacteriochlorophyll a (BChla), and the formation of subunit and LH1 complexes was evaluated using absorbance and circular dichroism spectroscopies. Truncation or modification outside of the conserved core sequence region of the polypeptides had no effect on subunit or LH1 formation. However, the extent of formation and stability of the subunit and LH1 decreased as the polypeptide was shortened inside the core region within the N-terminal domain. This behavior was suggested to be due to the loss of potential ion-pairing and/or hydrogen-bonding interactions between the polypeptides. While the spectroscopic properties of the subunit complexes generated using truncated polypeptides were analogous to those obtained using native polypeptides, in some cases the resulting LH1 complex absorption was blue-shifted relative to the control. Thus, truncation within the N-terminal domain may have long-range effects on the immediate BChla binding environment, since the putative BChla binding site resides near the C-terminal end of the polypeptides. It was also demonstrated that the His located within the membrane-spanning domain on the N-terminal end of the beta-polypeptide is not participating in ligation of the BChla in the reconstituted subunit and therefore probably not in LH1.
08 Oct 1995
TL;DR: In this article, a two-phase hybrid stepping motor connected to the current-controlled voltage source inverter was used for the laboratory testing, and the experimental results showed that a fundamental component of the permeance distribution produces the average torque and harmonic components produce the ripple torque under the sinusoidal current drives.
Abstract: The hybrid stepping motor is promising as a high-torque and low-speed servomotor, since the motor can be considered as a multipole synchronous motor. For this application, it is necessary to have a clear equivalent circuit under the sinusoidal current drive just like the conventional brushless DC motor. For the given stator/rotor teeth and winding arrangements of the hybrid stepping motor, the permeance distribution with respect to the rotor position is obtained by a well-known permeance-based method. Based on the calculated permeance distribution, an equivalent magnetic circuit of the given motor can be obtained, from which the basic voltage equation can be deduced. Following this procedure, electric parameters in the voltage equation are related to the machine construction constants such as stator-rotor pole dimensions, air-gap length, number of turns of the stator windings, and magnetomotive force (MMF) of the permanent magnet. The analysis shows that a fundamental component of the permeance distribution produces the average torque and that harmonic components produce the ripple torque under the sinusoidal current drives. The cogging torque is also produced by the 4th harmonic component of the permeance distribution. For the laboratory testing, the two-phase hybrid stepping motor connected to the current-controlled voltage source inverter was used. The experimental results showed quite reasonable agreement with the predicted instantaneous torque.
TL;DR: A simple synthetic method for preparing aragonite whiskers has been developed in this article, which has high aspect ratios ranging from 20 to 80 with diameters of 05-1 μm.
Abstract: A simple synthetic method for preparing aragonite whiskers has been developed A suspension of CaCl2-MgCl2-Mg(OH)2 with pH ∼9 has been prepared by adding Ca(OH)2 to MgCl2 aqueous solution CaCO3 whiskers (aragonite phase) have been prepared easily by blowing CO2-containing gas into the suspension The whiskers have high aspect ratios ranging from 20 to 80 with diameters of 05–1 μm
TL;DR: In this paper, the branch crack problem in plane elasticity is modeled by a reasonable distribution of the dislocation, and a new integration scheme is proposed in the following manner: a point dislocation is placed at the branch point and the distributed dislocations are assumed along all the branches.
TL;DR: In this paper, the skeleton of two types of functional titanium phosphate crystal were synthesized by controlled crystallization of RTi2(PO4)3 (R = Li, Na, 12Ca)Ca3(PO 4)2 glasses, and chemical treatment.
Abstract: Bulk microporous glass-ceramics with a skeleton of two types of functional titanium phosphate crystal were prepared by controlled crystallization of RTi2(PO4)3 (R = Li, Na, 12Ca)Ca3(PO4)2 glasses, and chemical treatment. One crystal is a NASICON-type with a three-dimensional network structure of TiO6 and PO4 while the other is a zirconium phosphate-type crystal Ti(HPO4)2 · 2H2O with a two-dimensional layered structure. The mean pore diameter and porosity of 30–60 nm and 40–60 vol.% were achieved. Porous CaTi4(PO4)6 glass-ceramics have excellent properties as supports for immobilization of enzymes, humidity sensors and porous LiTi2(PO4)3 glass-ceramics as ion exchange media. Conspicuous bacteriostatic activities were found for the partially Ag-exchanged porous LiTi2(PO4)3 and Li1.4Ti1.6Al0.4(PO4)3. Integrated microporous glass-ceramics with skeletons of LiTi2(PO4)3 (LTP) and Ti(HPO4)2 · 2H2O (TP) crystals were synthesized utilizing a novel discovery that LTP is transformed into TP in acid solution.
TL;DR: Evidence suggests that branched-chain alpha-keto acids, the substrates for the enzyme, regulate the activity state of the enzymes in the muscle during exercise through phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycle of the enzyme protein.
Abstract: Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids in skeletal muscle. It is suggested that activation of this enzyme in the muscle during exercise plays an important role in the increased oxidation of branched-chain amino acids in the muscle. Evidence suggests that branched-chain alpha-keto acids, the substrates for the enzyme, regulate the activity state of the enzyme in the muscle during exercise through phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycle of the enzyme protein. We propose a model for the mechanism of enzyme activation by exercise. In addition to this acute effect of exercise, we present evidence suggesting that exercise training modulates the enzyme activity and gene expression for the enzyme. Increases in the total activity as well as enzyme proteins by exercise training are suggested to be associated with mitochondrial biogenesis in the muscle.
TL;DR: Preliminary results indicate that the (R)-enantiomer of both isoquinoline derivatives predominate in the human brain.
TL;DR: In this article, a method of simultaneous identification of all eight flutter derivatives of bridge decks from free vibration data consisting of two modes is proposed and applied to a thin box girder section and its applicability is examined.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors extended the Spatially Mobilized Plane (SMP) to a plane for frictional and cohesive materials, which is named as Extended Spatio-melled Plane (Extended SMP) by introducing a parameter of bonding stress σ0.
TL;DR: In this article, a risk-of-failure study of 800 kV transmission line insulation was made by treating contamination severity and degree of wetting as probabilistic variables.
Abstract: Insulation design against insulator contamination has been made so far by using the traditional deterministic method. In this method, the maximum contamination severity is first assumed. Then, a certain margin is counted between the withstand voltage obtained from actual tests and the target operating voltage. However, both contamination severity and the withstand voltage are probabilistic variables. In the present paper, as a first step in this probabilistic approach, a risk-of-failure study of 800 kV transmission line insulation was made by treating contamination severity and degree of wetting as probabilistic variables. >
TL;DR: The dopamine-derived alkaloid, N-methyl(R)salsolinol, was found to be oxidized enzymatically into the more cytotoxic species, 1,2(N)-dimethyl-6,7-dihydroxyisoquinolinium ion, using enzyme sample prepared from human brain cortex.
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of mechanical properties of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) block was investigated using ground quartz of different particle sizes, and the samples were prepared at 180 °C under saturated steam pressure for various times from 0.5 to 64 h.
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis process and the formation mechanism of Al 4 SiC 4 were investigated using Al, Si, and C as starting materials and properties such as hydration resistance of the synthesized Al 4 siC 4 are examined.
Abstract: The synthesis process and the formation mechanism of Al 4 SiC 4 were investigated using Al, Si, and C as starting materials. Properties such as hydration resistance of the synthesized Al 4 SiC 4 were examined. SiC and Al 4 C 3 begin to form from about 800°C and 900°C, respectively. When the temperature is above 1300°C, both products further react with each other to form Al 4 SiC 4 . With increasing temperature and time, the formation ratio of Al 4 SiC 4 increases. The addition of Al 2 O 3 can facilitate the formation of Al 4 SiC 4 . The hydration resistance of Al 4 SiC 4 is excellent and sufficient for the practical use.
TL;DR: In this paper, a necessary and sufficient condition, called a stability condition, is derived under which the JIT production system has a stationary distribution of the backlogged demand, and an algorithm is devised for determining optimal numbers of two kinds of kanbans that minimize an expected average cost per period.
Abstract: The production-ordering and withdrawal kanbans are used in a Just-in-Time (JIT) production system. In particular, a withdrawal kanban used for a vendor is called a supplier kanban. This paper deals with the JIT production system with the production-ordering and supplier kanbans under stochastic demand. A necessary and sufficient condition, called a stability condition, is derived under which the JIT production system has a stationary distribution of the backlogged demand. An algorithm is devised for determining optimal numbers of two kinds of kanbans that minimize an expected average cost per period. In other words, it determines optimal values of the safety stocks included in the popular formulas for computing the numbers of kanbans. Numerical results are given to show its efficiency