Showing papers by "Rider University published in 2002"
TL;DR: This paper proposed that the term "ethnic entrepreneur" should be defined by the levels of personal involvement of the entrepreneur in the ethnic community instead of reported ethnic grouping, and found that significant differences in personal and business characteristics will surface between the most community-involved and least community involved ethnic entrepreneurs.
Abstract: This article proposes that the term “ethnic entrepreneur” should be defined by the levels of personal involvement of the entrepreneur in the ethnic community instead of reported ethnic grouping. It hypothesizes that significant differences in personal and business characteristics will surface between the most community-involved and least community-involved ethnic entrepreneurs. T-tests were done on 112 Asian and Latino entrepreneurs split into top and bottom quartiles on the personal involvement scale. Results showed several significant differences between the two groups on variables relating to the entrepreneurs' background characteristics, business-related goals, cultural values, business strategies, and business performance.
339 citations
TL;DR: The Immediate Feedback Assessment Technique (IF AT) as discussed by the authors is a testing method providing immediate feedback and enabling participants to answer until correct, compared to that of participants responding to identical tests with Scantron answer sheets.
Abstract: Multiple-choice testing procedures that do not provide corrective feedback facilitate neither learning nor retention. In Studies 1 and 2, the performance of participants evaluated with the Immediate Feedback Assessment Technique (IF AT), a testing method providing immediate feedback and enabling participants to answer until correct, was compared to that of participants responding to identical tests with Scantron answer sheets. Performance on initial tests did not differ, but when retested after delays of 1 day or 1 week, participants evaluated with the IF AT demonstrated higher scores and correctly answered more questions that had been initially answered incorrectly than did participants evaluated with Scantron forms. In Study 3, immediate feedback and answering until correct was available to all participants using either the IF AT or a computerized testing system on initial tests, with the final test completed by all participants using Scantron forms. Participants initially evaluated with the IF AT demonstrated increased retention and correctly responded to more items that had initially been answered incorrectly. Active involvement in the assessment process plays a crucial role in the acquisition of information, the incorporation of accurate information into cognitive processing mechanisms, and the retrieval of correct answers during retention tests. Results of Studies 1-3 converge to indicate that the IF AT method actively engages learners in the discovery process and that this engagement promotes retention and the correction of initially inaccurate response strategies.
280 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine team learning as a comprehensive pedagogy designed to facilitate active learning and higher level thinking, and propose a team learning model that combines team learning and traditional learning.
Abstract: This article examines team learning as a comprehensive pedagogy designed to facilitate active learning and higher level thinking. The key features of team learning and traditional learning are comp...
196 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore five interlocking factors that are useful in navigating that maze of how people manage who they are in cyberspace: the username you choose, the details you do or don't indicate about yourself, the information presented on your personal web page, the persona or avatar you assume in an online community.
Abstract: Who are you in cyberspace? Am I the same John Suler I am in-person or someone a bit different? One of the interesting things about the internet is the opportunity if offers people to present themselves in a variety of different ways. You can alter your style of being just slightly or indulge in wild experiments with your identity by changing your age, history, personality, physical appearance, even your gender. The username you choose, the details you do or don't indicate about yourself, the information presented on your personal web page, the persona or avatar you assume in an online community all are important aspects of how people manage their identity in cyberspace. Identity is a very complex aspect of human nature. Here I will briefly explore five interlocking factors that are useful in navigating that maze of how people manage who they are in cyberspace:
183 citations
TL;DR: A mathematical model is developed to predict performance for nondedicated network computing and it separates the influence of machine utilization, sequential job service rate, and parallel task allocation on the parallel completion time.
Abstract: The low cost and wide availability of networks of workstations have made them an attractive solution for high performance computing. However, while a network of workstations may be readily available, these workstations may be privately owned and the owners may not want others to interrupt their priority in using the computer. Assuming machine owners have a preemptive priority, in this paper, we study the parallel processing capacity of a privately owned network of workstations. A mathematical model is developed to predict performance for nondedicated network computing. It also considers systems with heterogeneous machine utilization and heterogeneous service distribution. This model separates the influence of machine utilization, sequential job service rate, and parallel task allocation on the parallel completion time. It is simple and valuable for guiding task scheduling in a nondedicated environment.
108 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a typology of family structure was utilized to categorize the managers into one of twelve family structures based on marital status, parental status, and spousal employment status.
Abstract: The model of the successful manager was based on the 1950's family. Thus career demands assumed the presence of a spouse at home to handle family responsibilities. This study seeks to determine whether women and men in alternate family structures will be able to succeed in managerial careers. Data were analyzed from two MBA alumni cohorts: one older cohort with three waves of data collected over a thirteen-year period and a second younger cohort with data collected in the most recent wave. A typology of family structure was utilized to categorize the managers into one of twelve family structures based on marital status, parental status, and spousal employment status. The post-traditional family where both parents are employed was found to be most prevalent for both men and women. A small percent of the MBAs were in the traditional family where the father is employed and the mother is not employed. Family structure in early career appears to be stable over the thirteen-year study period. Analyses reveal that for men, those in traditional families are most rewarded in their careers in terms of income and salary progression. Women had no family structure that achieved career success comparable to traditional family men. Despite increased acknowledgement of the varied family structures of managers and the adoption of family friendly policies by companies, rewards are not distributed equally. This has implications for managers, organizations, and society.
97 citations
TL;DR: A consistent research finding in creativity research has been the tendency of poets, especially female poets, to suffer from mental illness as mentioned in this paper, which has been explored in the context of female poets.
Abstract: A consistent research finding in creativity research has been the tendency of poets—especially female poets—to suffer from mental illness. We explore (a) Why poets? and (b) Why female poets? We pos...
95 citations
TL;DR: Students responded to a questionnaire after completing classroom examinations using either Scantron forms or the Immediate Feedback Assessment Technique, scoring significantly higher on scales measuring ease of understanding and ease of completing response requirements, perceived fairness of and preference for an answer-until-correct procedure, and enhanced involvement in the test-taking process.
Abstract: Students responded to a questionnaire after completing classroom examinations using either Scantron forms or the Immediate Feedback Assessment Technique. Factor analysis of students' responses yielded six scales unrelated to students' grades and not differing by sex, course, or instructor. Students evaluated on the latter technique scored significantly higher on scales measuring ease of understanding and ease of completing response requirements, perceived fairness of and preference for an answer-until-correct procedure, and enhanced involvement in the test-taking process.
50 citations
05 Jun 2002
TL;DR: The number of distinct planar embeddings of rigid graphs with n vertices is studied, and it is shown that, modulo planar rigid motions, this number is at most $2n-4\choose n-2 \approx 4n$.
Abstract: (MATH) Rigid frameworks in some Euclidian space are embedded graphs having a unique local realization (up to Euclidian motions) for the given edge lengths, although globally they may have several. We study first the number of distinct planar embeddings of rigid graphs with n vertices. We show that, modulo planar rigid motions, this number is at most $2n-4\choose n-2 \approx 4n. We also exhibit several families which realize lower bounds of the order of 2n, 2.21n and 2.88n.(MATH) For the upper bound we use techniques from complex algebraic geometry, based on the (projective) Cayley-Menger variety CM 2,n(C)\subset P_n\choose 2-1(C)$ over the complex numbers C. In this context, point configurations are represented by coordinates given by squared distances between all pairs of points. Sectioning the variety with 2n-4 hyperplanes yields at most deg(CM 2,n) zero-dimensional components, and one finds this degree to be D 2,n =\frac122n-4\choose n-2$. The lower bounds are related to inductive constructions of minimally rigid graphs via Henneberg sequences.(MATH) The same approach works in higher dimensions. In particular we show that it leads to an upper bound of 2 D^3,n= \frac2^n-3n-2n-6\choosen-3$ for the number of spatial embeddings with generic edge lengths of the $1$-skeleton of a simplicial polyhedron, up to rigid motions.
46 citations
TL;DR: The existing literature on transition programs suggests that for effective transition of individuals With developmental disabilities, the programs must place emphasis on both the social and the voc... as discussed by the authors, and the transition programs must focus on both social and voc...
Abstract: The existing literature on transition programs suggests that for effective transition of individuals With developmental disabilities, the programs must place emphasis on both the social and the voc...
42 citations
TL;DR: This paper explored socioeconomic barriers to talent development from the vantage points of Major thinkers and recent research findings in context-sensitive disciplines such as economics, sociology, and ethical philosophy, providing the basis for recommendations that educators of the gifted clarify conceptions of merit and ability; look for hidden socioeconomic influences on aspirations, motivation, and talent development; and engage in critical activism for deprived high-potential children.
Abstract: There is growing concern in our field about the plight of high-potential children who suffer from socioeconomic deprivation. Efforts to find and serve these children require in-depth understanding of socioeconomic contexts that shape and subvert talent development. In this analysis, socioeconomic barriers to talent development are explored from the vantage points of Major thinkers and recent research findings in context-sensitive disciplines such as economics, sociology, and ethical philosophy. Insights drawn fron these perspectives provide the basis for recommendations that educators of the gifted clarify conceptions of merit and ability; look for hidden socioeconomic influences on aspirations, motivation, and talent development; and engage in critical activism for deprived high-potential children.
TL;DR: The present results demonstrate that the pervasive and negative effects of prenatal thyroid deficiency on early behavior are also expressed during adult operant performance.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the results of an empirical investigation of the current state of marketing, marketing research and planning practices at four-year higher education institutions in the United States, and investigate whether the use and apparent understanding of marketing and its attendant activities by admissions and enrollment management administrators has changed over the last decade.
Abstract: This article presents the results of an empirical investigation of the current state of marketing, marketing research and planning practices at four-year higher education institutions in the United States. The current study builds upon previous studies by Blackburn (1979) and Goldgehn (1982 and 1989) that surveyed college and university admissions and enrollment management administrators concerning their use of several marketing techniques. The purposes of this article are to investigate whether the use and apparent understanding of marketing and its attendant activities by admissions and enrollment management administrators has changed over the last decade, and whether differences in practice exist among the various segments of higher education institutions.
TL;DR: In this article, a Monte Carlo simulation was used to examine the effectiveness of univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate analysis (MANOVA), and multiple indicator structural equation (MISE) modeling to analyze data from multivariate factorial designs.
Abstract: A Monte Carlo simulation was used to examine the effectiveness of univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and multiple indicator structural equation (MISE) modeling to analyze data from multivariate factorial designs. The MISE method yielded downwardly biased standard errors for the univariate parameter estimates in the small sample size conditions. In the large sample size data conditions, the MISE method outperformed MANOVA and ANOVA when the covariate accounted for variation in the dependent variable and variables were unreliable. With multivariate statistical tests, MANOVA outperformed the MISE method in the Type I error conditions and the MISE method outperformed MANOVA in the Type II error conditions. The Bonferroni methods were overly conservative in controlling Type I error rates for univariate tests, but a modified Bonferroni method had higher statistical power than the Bonferroni method. Both the Bonferroni and modified methods adequately controlled m...
TL;DR: In this article, a series of lactam rings, from four-to eight-membered, were investigated and equilibrium constants for the formation of the cyclic hydrogen bonded dimer were obtained as a function of temperature in order to examine the effect of ring size upon the enthalpy and entropy changes upon complexation.
Abstract: We have used both solution IR and NMR spectroscopies to investigate the hydrogen bonding of lactam dimers in CCl4. A series of lactam rings, from four- to eight-membered were investigated. Equilibrium constants for the formation of the cyclic hydrogen bonded dimer were obtained as a function of temperature in order to examine the effect of lactam ring size upon the enthalpy and entropy changes upon complexation. The resulting thermodynamic values for complexation do not follow the same trend with ring size as the equilibrium constants. It is also found that entropy plays an important role in determining the relative stability of a complex for a given ring size.
TL;DR: Participants between the ages of 3 and 20 years adjusted the Müller-Lyer illusion and the inverted-T form of the Horizontal-Vertical illusion and significant changes in sensitivity and responsivity were found for each illusion across participants' ages.
Abstract: Participants between the ages of 3 and 20 years adjusted the Muller-Lyer illusion and the inverted-T form of the Horizontal-Vertical illusion. Perceptual error was quantified using signal detection and nonparametric measures of sensitivity and responsivity. Significant changes in sensitivity and responsivity were found for each illusion across participants' ages. No effect of sex of participant was found. Sensitivity and responsivity were largely asymptotic between the ages of 13 to 15 years for the Muller-Lyer illusion and between the ages of 11 to 15 years for the Horizontal-Vertical illusion.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of economics conditions (carrots) and sanctions (sticks) on murder, assault, robbery, burglary and motor vehicle theft in New York City, using monthly time-series data spanning 1974-1999.
Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of economics conditions (carrots) and sanctions (sticks) on murder, assault, robbery, burglary and motor vehicle theft in New York City, using monthly time-series data spanning 1974-1999. Carrots are measured by the unemployment rate and the real minimum wage; sticks are measured by felony arrests, police force and New York City residents in prison. In addition, the paper tests the validity of the 'broken windows' hypothesis, where misdemeanor arrests are used as a measure of broken windows policing. The broken windows hypothesis has validity in case of robbery and motor vehicle theft. The models explain between 33 and 86 percent of the observed decline in these crimes between 1990 and 1999. While both economic and deterrence variables are important in explaining the decline in crime, the contribution of deterrence measures is larger than those of economic variables.
TL;DR: In this paper, single-crystal X-ray di4raction studies on the Co-substituted phase, La5Mo3.31Co0.69O16, indicated that the unit cell is triclinic (space group C-1) with Co exclusively replacing Mo atoms in the perovskite layers.
TL;DR: It is proposed that decreases in cyclin D2 are at least partially responsible for the proliferative decline found in aged CD4(+) T cells.
TL;DR: The results show that "all-provider" AWP laws have a very limited effect on the financial performance measures the authors examine, but neither type of law appears to affect the overall profitability of HMOs.
Abstract: Any-Willing-Provider (AWP) legislation requires that health plans accept any health care provider who agrees to conform to the plan's conditions, terms, and reimbursement rates. Many states have adopted such legislation, raising questions about its effect on the managed care market. Those favoring this legislation argue that it will reduce restrictions on choice of provider, while opponents argue that it will reduce competition by increasing administrative and medical costs for managed care plans. Using cross-sectional time-series data for the period 1992 -1 995 (the period during which many of these laws were enacted), this study investigates the effect that these laws have on HMO financial performance. Our results show that "all-provider" AWP laws have a very limited effect on the financial performance measures we exam- ine. "Pharmacy" AWP laws have a more significant effect, but neither type of law appears to affect the overall profitability of HMOs.
TL;DR: A multiple-choice testing system that provides immediate affirming or corrective feedback and permits allocation of partial credit for proximate knowledge is suggested as an alternative to essay examinations.
Abstract: A multiple-choice testing system that provides immediate affirming or corrective feedback and permits allocation of partial credit for proximate knowledge is suggested as an alternative to essay examinations.
TL;DR: The selective persistence of the B‐1 B‐cell subset in the peritoneal cavity of aging SCID mice is a natural model for the study of those genetic and environmental influences that determine lymphocyte longevity.
Abstract: The impact of increasing age upon immunoglobulin production and B-lymphocyte generation in "leaky" severe combined immune-defective (SCID) mice was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. By 1 year of age, the mice had normal numbers of B cells in their peritoneal cavity, while their spleen had very few immunoglobulin M-positive (IgM+) cells. The majority of B cells expressed the CD11b marker characteristic of the B-1b subset. B-1a (CD5+) cells were present at a lower frequency and B-2 cells were absent. The frequency of mice producing detectable immunoglobulin increased with age, and isotype diversity within individual mice was variable. IgM production was most frequently observed followed by IgG3 and IgG2a, then IgG1, and finally IgA. The selective persistence of the B-1 B-cell subset in the peritoneal cavity of aging SCID mice is a natural model for the study of those genetic and environmental influences that determine lymphocyte longevity.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose quelques suggestions d'ordre general for tirer parti des fonctionnalites des systemes integres en reevaluant and en reorganisant les services techniques.
Abstract: Les systemes integres de bibliotheque permettent d'aplanir la gestion electronique des services techniques en combinant les processus realises a une meme station de travail et en eliminant la division traditionnelle entre catalogage, acquisition et gestion des periodiques. L'article offre quelques suggestions d'ordre general pour tirer parti des fonctionnalites des systemes integres en reevaluant et en reorganisant les services techniques.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the types of value that are likely to be created and destroyed, and examine the value-related interactions between stakeholders and new ventures, and explore the effects of stakeholder salience and dependence on influence strategies that new ventures may employ under conditions of low agreement of value goals.
Abstract: New ventures bring the founders' visions to fruition, creating positive benefits for entrepreneurs and stakeholder groups. Simultaneously, these efforts may disrupt and destroy existing means of production, distribution, and consumption thus imposing- costs, or even creating negative values for stakeholders. This paper describes the types of value that are likely to be created and destroyed, and examines the value-related interactions between stakeholders and new ventures. We draw upon entrepreneurship literature, stakeholder theory, and the resource dependence perspective to develop a framework illustrating these interactions, then we explore the effects of stakeholder salience and dependence on influence strategies that new ventures may employ under conditions of low agreement of value goals, and suggest propositions for different influence strategies and value outcomes.
TL;DR: The number of B-1 B cells increased with age in both the spleen and peritoneal cavity and strain-specific differences in B cell subset composition may be significant when considering B cell lymphomagenesis with aging.
TL;DR: Overall, these antineoplastic agents caused reduction of DNA and protein replication, which would lead to killing of cancer cells.
Abstract: N 6 -Benzoyladenine-cyanoborane (2), and 6-triphenylphosphonylpurine-cyanoborane (3) were selected for investigation of cytotoxicity in murine and human tumor cell lines, effects on human HL-60 leukemic metabolism and DNA strand scission to determine the feasibility of these compounds as clinical antineoplastic agents. Compounds 2 and 3 both showed effective cytotoxicity based on ED50 values less than 4 μg/ml for L1210, P388, HL-60, Tmolt3, HUT-78, HeLa-S3 uterine, ileum HCT-8, and liver Hepe-2. Compound 2 had activity against ovary 1-A9, while compound 3 was only active against prostate PL and glioma UM. Neither compound was active against the growth of lung 549, breast MCF-7, osteosarcoma HSO, melanoma SK2, KB nasopharynx, and THP-1 acute monocytic leukemia. In mode of action studies in human leukemia HL-60 cells, both compounds demonstrated inhibition of DNA and protein syntheses after 60 min at 100 μM. These compounds inhibited RNA synthesis to a lesser extent. The utilization of the DNA template was suppressed by the compounds as determined by inhibition of the activities of DNA polymerase α, m-RNA polymerase, r-RNA polymerase and t-RNA polymerase, which would cause adequate inhibition of the synthesis of both DNA and RNA. Both compounds markedly inhibited dihydrofolate reductase activity, especially in compound 2. The compounds appeared to have caused cross-linking of the DNA strands after 24 hr at 100 μM in HL-60 cells, which was consistent with the observed increased in ct-DNA viscosity after 24 hr at 100 μM. The compounds had no inhibitory effects on DNA topoisomerase I and II activities or DNA-protein linked breaks. Neither compound interacted with the DNA molecule itself through alkylation of the nucleotide bases nor caused DNA interculation between base pairs. Overall, these antineoplastic agents caused reduction of DNA and protein replication, which would lead to killing of cancer cells.
TL;DR: In this article, the results of an investigation of the intrinsic magnetic properties of high-quality lanthanum manganate crystals were presented in terms of a two-phase model.
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined organizational, contextual, and technical variables that are associated with intranet infusion in organizations and found that top management support, IT infrastructure, and competition positively influence high levels of intranets infusion.
Abstract: Using intranets to connect heterogeneous systems enables information sharing between existing information systems without major changes to existing applications. Corporate intranets provide the supporting infrastructure for Web publishing, collaborative applications, and line of business applications. This study examined organizational, contextual, and technical variables that are associated with intranet infusion in organizations. A survey was mailed to 1,000 senior-level computer executives in the United States. Six independent variables were examined using an ordered probit analysis to explain the likelihood of occurrence for different levels of intranet infusion. Results indicate that top management support, IT infrastructure, and competition positively influence high levels of intranet infusion. Organizational size is negatively associated with high levels of intranet infusion. Implications and areas for further research are discussed.