Showing papers by "RMIT University published in 1980"
TL;DR: Most of the metals lacked specificity, affecting a number but not all of the parameters examined, but Zn was the most selective in that it produced marked increases in MT and little or no effect on the other parameters, whereas Cd had the broadest effect, altering all parameters except GSH.
247 citations
TL;DR: This article reported on continuous observations of the principals of a State High School, an Independent College and a Catholic College in Melbourne, Australia, for three weeks each, and found that the content and characteristics of their work were described in a set of propositions about the principalship.
Abstract: Despite the focal position of school principals in Australian education, there exist hardly any data on the work that they actually do. This study reports on continuous observations — for three weeks each — of the principals of a State High School, an Independent College and a Catholic College in Melbourne. The variables of their work during the school day were recorded by the researcher, who attempted non‐participant observation, and the principals kept a diary of their “after‐hours” work. The content and characteristics of their work are described with the Findings expressed in a set of propositions about the principalship.
73 citations
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors modeled the buffeting effects on a 150 × 37 × 37 m building of upstream single and twin buildings having a clear upstream fetch (e.g. water, desert).
Abstract: This study systematically modelled the buffeting effects on a 150 × 37 × 37 m building of upstream single and twin buildings having a clear upstream fetch (e.g. water, desert). The results show that the presence of an upstream building of the same size can increase the dynamic loads by a factor of 1.65. A 220 m building upstream will increase the factor to 1.9. Twin 220 m buildings upstream can further increase this factor to 2.15. Buffeting effects can be significant for distances of 1 km. The maximum buffeting loads would have serious effects on a building designed to usual wind codes.
47 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, high depth resolution Rutherford backscattering and channeling techniques have been used to investigate ion-implant-induced disorder in GaAs as a function of both implant dose and implant temperature.
43 citations
TL;DR: The content of chromium, copper, and zinc and the valency ofchromium were measured in organs of a chromate worker who had been exposed to a considerable amount of hexavalent chromium for 30 years and died of maxillary and lung cancer 10 years after his retirement.
Abstract: The content of chromium, copper, and zinc and the valency of chromium were measured in organs of a chromate worker who had been exposed to a considerable amount of hexavalent chromium for 30 years and died of maxillary and lung cancer 10 years after his retirement. The chromium in the lung of the worker averaged 3,555 ppb on a wet tissue weight basis, while those in the lung of five controls were 86.0–399 ppb. Organs other than the lung of the worker also had more chromium than those of the controls. The amounts of copper and zinc did not vary as widely as did chromium. The ratio of hexavalent chromium to total chromium was 29.3% in the lung of the worker and 12.9 to 38.7% in controls, and its ratio in the lung was lower than that in the other organs.
41 citations
TL;DR: Exposure of DMF and urinary MF were measured in nine male workers handling surface-treating agents containing DMF for 5 consecutive days and the amount of urinary MF correlated well with the exposure to DMF.
Abstract: Exposure of DMF (dimethylformamide) and urinary MF (methyl-formamide-metabolite of DMF) were measured in nine male workers handling surface-treating agents containing DMF for 5 consecutive days. The amount of urinary MF correlated well with the exposure to DMF. The measurement of urinary MF is therefore useful as an index of exposure to DMF. The rate constant for MF excretion was estimated as 0.16/h, while that calculated from Krivanek's data averaged 0.21/h. The MF excretion delay was correlated with the daily alcohol consumption.
41 citations
TL;DR: A survey of the birth prevalence of congenital anomalies among newborn infants in Japan is under way at a large maternity hospital in Tokyo, and cases with sex-chromosome aberrations could not be diagnosed neonatally on a clinical basis.
Abstract: A survey of the birth prevalence of congenital anomalies among newborn infants in Japan is under way at a large maternity hospital in Tokyo. Of 14,430 consecutive newborn babies (7,455 M; 6,975 F), 33 had a multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) syndrome. These included 2 with trisomy 13 (including a mosaic), 3 with trisomy 18 (including 1 mosaic), 16 with trisomy 21 (including 1 mosaic), 1 with cri-du-chat syndrome, 1 with 5p partial trisomy, 1 with Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, 1 with Treacher-Collins syndrome, 1 with achodroplasia, 2 with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 1 with hemihypertrophy, 1 with Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome, 1 with asplenia syndrome, 1 with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, and 1 with probable Marfan's syndrome. Except for one infant with Ullrich-Turner syndrome, cases with sex-chromosome aberrations could not be diagnosed neonatally on a clinical basis.
37 citations
TL;DR: Using the fact that Indonesians consume about 300 g of rice, the daily intake of Cd would exceed the tolerable limit proposed by FAO/WHO and could cause slight chronic renal damage to the rice eaters.
Abstract: Cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) contents in 116 polished and unpolished rice samples produced in the Java Islands of Indonesia were assessed as a base-line study of trace metals. Arithmetic means and one standard deviation were 0.040±0.042 ppm Cd, 2.93±1.11 ppm Cu, and 18.17±3.13 ppm Zn. Concentration ratio of Cd to Zn was 0.00220±0.00222. The correlation coefficients between the metals were low. The two highest samples of rice contained 0.27 and 0.34 ppm Cd. Using the fact that Indonesians consume about 300 g of rice, the daily intake of Cd would exceed the tolerable limit proposed by FAO/WHO and could cause slight chronic renal damage to the rice eaters. Soil type by suborder and rice variety gave little difference of the three metals content in rice. Rice samples from West Java, where major soil type by order is Ultisol, contained higher cadmium and zinc, and lower copper than those from East Java (Vertisol).
34 citations
01 Dec 1980-Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
TL;DR: In this paper, the cracking of zinc spangles on hot dipped galvanized sheet steel was studied under controlled conditions and it was confirmed that there are two major modes of failure, boundary cracking and intragranular basal cleavage.
Abstract: The cracking of zinc spangles on hot dipped galvanized sheet steel was studied under controlled conditions. It was confirmed that there are two major modes of failure—boundary cracking and intragranular basal cleavage. There are four types of surface topographiesviz “mirror-like”, “feathery”, “dimpled” and “ridged”. Of these only the last type, “ridged”, was found to have its basal planes lying at an angle to the plane of the sheet. These spangles also tended to fracture most readily when strained. Hence a relationship between surface topography, crystallographic orientation and fracture behavior has been established. The implications of these findings for paint adherence is discussed.
23 citations
TL;DR: Analysis has shown that people were visiting KTC for clinical examination from nearly all the provinces in Afghanistan, and the proportion of the immigrants among the tuberculosis patients from Kabul City who were under treatment in KTC was significantly greater than that of the total population of Kabul City.
Abstract: The geographical distribution and migratory history were surveyed in July 1978 on 648 new patients visiting the Kabul Tuberculosis Center (KTC), the main health institution in Kabul City for tuberculosis control, for clinical examination and on the selected 130 tuberculosis patients under treatment in KTC. Analysis has shown that people were visiting KTC for clinical examination from nearly all the provinces in Afghanistan. It has also indicated that the proportion of the immigrants among the tuberculosis patients from Kabul City who were under treatment in KTC was significantly greater than that of the total population of Kabul City, while this proportionamong the new patients from Kabul City coincided with that of the total population. This may suggest the higher prevalence of tuberculosis among the immigrants than among the natives of Kabul City.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Monte Carlo method is used to calculate the elastic moduli of a system of electrostatically stabilized identical spheres for various values of the particle radius and concentration of the background electrolyte.
TL;DR: A gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-containing protein was purified from rat femur cortical bone and showed calcium-binding activity with Kd = 0.2 mM and calcium-dependent electrophoretic mobility.
Abstract: A γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-containing protein was purified from rat femur cortical bone. The presence of 4 Gla residues in the rat protein was shown by amino acid analysis on alkaline and acid hydrolysates. The protein was extracted from rat cortical bone with 0.5 M EDTA (pH 7.6) and purified from the EDTA extracts by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25. The protein has a molecular weight of about 6, 000 on the basis of amino acid composition. The protein had 56 amino acid residues containing significant amounts of Asp, Glu, and Gla (acidic amino acids). The protein showed calcium-binding activity with Kd=0.2 mM and calcium-dependent electrophoretic mobility.
TL;DR: The results suggest that beta-sitosterol actually inhibits cholesterol absorption in the physiological state of an animal, as well as a new technique for the measurement of cholesterol absorption.
Abstract: The inhibitory effects of β-sitosterol on intestinal cholesterol absorption were studied by means of a dual isotope plasma ratio method (in vivo), which is a new technique for the measurement of cholesterol absorption, as well as a ligated-loop method (in situ). The results obtained were as follows: 1. The absorption of β-sitosterol itself was significantly less than cholesterol. Cholesterol was selectively absorbed from rat intestine. 2. When 100 to 1, 000μg of β-sitosterol were added to the dose solution containing 10μg of cholesterol, cholesterol absorption by the in vivo experiment decreased with the increase of additional β-sitosterol. 3. A similar inhibitory effect of β-sitosterol was observed by the in situ ligated-loop method. These results suggest that β-sitosterol actually inhibits cholesterol absorption in the physiological state of an animal.
TL;DR: Rat testes cytosol treated by Blue Sepharose was employed in a simple and sensitive method for the determination of retinoic acid in the rat serum, liver, and intestine, which permits the detection of as little as 3 ng of retinosic acid.
TL;DR: The trend of the menarcheal age in Japan (from the late 19th century to the present) was analysed and biases toward younger menarchesal ages which depend on the proportion of non-menstruating girls were corrected.
Abstract: In Japan, the decline in the age at menarche after the Second World War has been repeatedly reported, but the observed period in the reports has not been long enough to evaluate the secular trend of it. More than a hundred reports of age at menarche of Japanese have been published from the year of 1886. More than half of these populations in the reports consisted of students or young workers, some of whom had not attained menarche at the survey, and the menarcheal ages were represented by the arithmetric mean for the menarche attained girls. Thus, ages at menarche of these reports have biases toward younger menarcheal ages which depend on the proportion of non-menstruating girls. The authors aimed to correct these biased menarcheal ages on the assumption that (1) menarcheal ages of a population distributes normally when all of the girls are menstruating; (2) when some girls are not menstruating, the distribution is censored sample of normal distribution. After eliminating these biases of historical sources, the trend of the menarcheal age in Japan (from the late 19th century to the present) was analysed.
TL;DR: The effect of food restriction on the intestinal weight and membrane digestive enzyme activities was observed in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin and experimental diabetes did not influence the activity of alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase.
Abstract: The effect of food restriction on the intestinal weight and membrane digestive enzyme activities was observed in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin. The specific activities of disaccharidases of food non-restricted diabetic rats were not changed, but total activities were significantly increased due to the increase of intestinal mucosal weight. Restriction of food intake did not increase intestinal mucosal weight, but significantly increased the specific and total activities of disaccharidases in parallel with the increase of sucrase-isomaltase content. On the other hand, experimental diabetes did not influence the activity of alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase except for specific and total activities of alkaline phosphatase in food non-restricted rats.
TL;DR: The immunoprecipitation studies of DBP in rat serum showed that DBPs were common main transport proteins for naturally occurring vitamin D and its metabolites, and that DBP played some, but not a principal, role in the transport of synthetic 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3.
Abstract: Two immunologically similar, probably identical, binding proteins for vitamin D and its metabolites (DBP1 and DBP2) were isolated separately from rat serum after approximately 180-fold purification by novel procedures using Blue Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. The freshly purified DBP1 and DBP2 each showed a single band of protein on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and had alpha-mobility, although DBP1 moved slightly faster than DBP2. DBP1 and DBP2 had the same molecular weight, which was estimated as approximately 54,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric points of DBP1 and DBP2 were estimated as 4.9 and 5.0, respectively, from the results of isoelectric focusing experiments. DBP1 and DBP2 both appeared to have one binding site for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 per molecule of protein, with apparently similar association constants at 4 degrees C of 5--7 x 10(9) M-1. The amino acid compositions of DBP1 and DBP2 were also determined and compared. A monospecific antiserum against rat DBP2 was prepared in a rabbit and was used for immunological studies of rat DBP. On double immunodiffusion, anti-DBP2 antiserum produced precipitin lines of complete reaction-of-identity against the purified DBP1, the purified DBP2, and rat whole serum. There was no immunological cross-reactivity between rat DBP and sera from man, dog, and rabbit, but mouse serum showed a pattern of partial identity with rat DBP. When rat serum samples were analyzed by immunoelectrophoresis using anti-DBP antiserum, three patterns of precipitin line were observed: a pattern showing the existence of only DBP1, designated as DBP 1-1; a pattern showing the existence of only DBP2, designated as DBP 2-2; and a pattern showing the existence of both DBP1 and DBP2, designated as DBP 2-1. Using single radial immunodiffusion assay for rat serum DBP, the mean (+/- S.D.) serum DBP concentrations were found to be 461 +/- 59 microgram/ml in adult male rats and 328 +/- 16 microgram/ml in adult female rats, and the difference was significant (p < 0.001). In molar terms, DBPs are present in normal rat serum in large excess relative to vitamin D and its metabolites, and most of the serum DBP, therefore, circulates as apo-DBP, not containing a bound molecule of vitamin D or of its metabolites. The immunoprecipitation studies of DBP in rat serum showed that DBPs were common main transport proteins for naturally occurring vitamin D and its metabolites, and that DBP played some, but not a principal, role in the transport of synthetic 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3.
TL;DR: In this article, the use of implanted, inert-gas-atom Auger peaks for energy referencing on charging substrates has been investigated and a linear relationship was always found for plots of the energy of an Auger peak from any sample versus the power of the Ar or Xe Auger points.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the appearance of sucrase and isomaltase activities until weaning is ascribed to the synthesis of an active sucrasing proenzyme followed by rapid conversion to active enzyme, and during cell maturation, it is caused by thehesis of the inactive proen enzyme in the crypt cells followed by its activation in the villus cells.
Abstract: Appearance of immunoreactive sucrase-isomaltase complex was observed in rat small intestine during postnatal development and maturation along the villus-crypt axis by single radial immunodiffusion. The immunoreactive sucrase-isomaltase complex in brush-border mem brane increased in parallel with enzyme activities until weaning. After weaning, higher amounts of the immunoreactive enzyme proteins were found as compared with their activities. On the other hand, during cell maturation in adult rat jejunum, the immunoreactive enzyme proteins increased with the activities of sucrase-isomaltase complex. However, a significant amount of the immunoreactive enzyme proteins was observed in the crypt cells with low enzyme activities. Chromatographic profiles on Sephadex G-200 column of the sucrase-isomaltase complex in the upper villus and crypt cells did not change. From these results, it is suggested that the appearance of sucrase and isomaltase activities until weaning is ascribed to the synthesis of an active sucrase-isomaltase complex or the synthesis of an inactive proenzyme followed by rapid conversion to active enzyme, and during cell maturation, it is caused by the synthesis of the inactive proenzyme in the crypt cells followed by its activation in the villus cells.
TL;DR: In this paper, ion implanted and deposited Si layers have been recrystallized using pulsed Nd:YAG and cw Ar ion laser irradiation and thermally assisted flash annealing.
Abstract: Ion implanted and deposited Si layers have been recrystallized using pulsed Nd:YAG and cw Ar ion laser irradiation and thermally assisted flash annealing. By use of Rutherford backscattering and channeling. TEM. SEM and interference optical microscopy techniques, two distinct regrowth regimes have been established. I. Liquid phase where regrowth occurs from the underlying solid-liquid interface. In this regime the regrowth layer is free of extended defects, dopant profiles are consistent with liquid diffusion and equilibrium solid solubilities can be exceeded. II. Solid phase where regrowth occurs from the amorphous single-crystal interface. No dopant redistribution is observed.
TL;DR: In this article, the annealing behavior of ion implanted gallium arsenide during fabrication, laser and e-beam processing is examined in some detail, focusing on an understanding of the physical processes which are important during the various annesaling modes, such as solid phase regrowth via furnace or CW laser and liquid phase epitaxy produced by pulsed lasers/e-beam.
Abstract: This review examines the annealing behaviour of ion implanted gallium arsenide during furance, laser and e-beam processing.The two annealing regimes, namely solid phase regrowth via furnace or CW laser/e-beam annealing and liquid phase epitaxy produced by pulsed lasers/e-beam, are examined in some detail.Emphasis is placed upon an understanding of the physical processes which are important during the various annealing modes.Comparison with the annealing behaviour of ion implantedelemental semiconductors(notably silicon) is made throughout the review to highlight relevant similarities and differences between compound and elemental semiconductors.The electrical properties of annealed gallium arsenide layers are not treatedin any detail, although particular observations which are relevant to the annealing processes are briefly discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the ability of the roofing system to provide sound insulation, as a component of the whole building envelope, from typical external noise spectra, is discussed, even though values for actual buildings may vary considerably from laboratory-measured values.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of combining the roof and ceiling components of a domestic roofing system was investigated and discussed, and comments were made on the contribution of the roofing systems to the sound insulation provided by the whole building external envelope against the principal types of external noise.
TL;DR: The effect of coupling the ceiling and roof components to form the complete roofing system will be the central theme of the third and final part of this series of papers as discussed by the authors, where the experiments conducted on various types of roof component are outlined.
TL;DR: It may be meaningful in evaluating body fatness that the third component associated with only skinfold thicknesses is orthogonal to the second component, and the age-independence of the second and third components shall be evaluated for assessment of individuals within a population of a wide age range.
Abstract: For revealing the character of various indices of body build in children, variable sets of seven anthropometric measurements and eight indices for 474 boys and girls 7-18 years in age inhabiting Nase City were investigated with principal components analysis. With a negligible difference by sex, three components accounting for over 90% of total variance were extracted, which was interpreted to indicate respectively body size, body build and skinfold thickness. Of these the first component highly correlated with age, while the other two were age-independent. Weight/height ratio and Quetelet index which highly correlated with the first component are not appropriate as body build indices, while other indices such as Rohrer index, Livi index, ponderal index and relative weight highly correlated with the second component. It may be meaningful in evaluating body fatness that the third component associated with only skinfold thicknesses is orthogonal to the second component. The age-independency of the second and third components shall be evaluated for assessment of individuals within a population of a wide age range.
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of the balanced half-sample, jackknife and linearization methods for estimating the variance of the combined ratio estimate is studied by means of a computer simulation using artificially generated non-normally distributed populations.
Abstract: The performance of the balanced half-sample, jackknife and linearization methods for estimating the variance of the combined ratio estimate is studied by means of a computer simulation using artificially generated non-normally distributed populations. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the variance estimates for the combined ratio estimate may be highly biased and unstable when the underlying distributions are non-normal. This is particularly true when the number of observations available from each stratum is small. The jack-