Showing papers by "RMIT University published in 1983"
TL;DR: In this article, a phenomenological model of the solid phase epitaxial growth process is proposed to account for the influence of substrate orientation and doping on growth kinetics, which combines structural features of the amorphous-crystalline interface with electronic processes related to changes in the Fermi level.
Abstract: A phenomenological model of the solid-phase epitaxial growth process is proposed to account for the influence of substrate orientation and doping on growth kinetics. The model combines structural features of the amorphous-crystalline interface with electronic processes related to changes in the Fermi level. The basic premise is that the concentration of kinklike growth sites at the interface, and hence the growth velocity, can be influenced by doping in a manner analogous to the enhancement of dislocation velocities by doping.
125 citations
TL;DR: The most outstanding abnormality detected was the blood and tissue accumulation of aluminum, which has been linked with the development of dialysis dementia and bone disease.
95 citations
TL;DR: A method for partial-match retrieval on very large data files based on superimposed coding techniques and a two level descriptor file is proposed in order to retrieve records efficiently.
89 citations
82 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the short-time self-mobilities of spherical colloidal particles in concentrated liquid suspensions were measured by photon correlation spectroscopy, showing that theory incorporating two-particle hydrodynamic interactions was not adequate to describe the data.
Abstract: The short-time self-mobilities of spherical colloidal particles in concentrated liquid suspensions were measured by photon correlation spectroscopy. For volume fractions Φ ≳ 0.3, theory incorporating two-particle hydrodynamic interactions was not adequate to describe the data, indicating the importance of many-particle contributions.
76 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the various high and low dose regrowth observations are given in this paper, focusing on the influence of electronic processes on epitaxial growth, and the formation and stability of supersaturated solid solutions of implanted dopants in silicon.
69 citations
TL;DR: The system of fixed surveillance stations, started in 1981 by the Japanese government with the voluntary cooperation of pediatricians and ophthalmologists, proved effective in obtaining information about the prevalence of communicable diseases, including measles, in childhood and about the efficacy of vaccines.
Abstract: The history of the research and development of measles vaccines is described and the efficacy of and adverse reactions to the Japanese licensed vaccines are discussed. The 10-year follow-up studies revealed that the incidence of clinical measles was 11.5% among those inoculated with live vaccines in combination with killed vaccines, whereas it was only 1.9% among those given live vaccines attenuated to the level of the Schwarz vaccine. Use of the Schwarz and Biken-CAM vaccines resulted in satisfactory antibody responses in greater than or equal to 97% of vaccinees. However, these vaccines caused a febrile reaction of greater than or equal to 37.5 C in 50% of vaccinees and one of greater than or equal to 39 C in 15% of vaccinees. On the other hand, a febrile reaction was observed in 20% and 5%, respectively, of children immunized with the AIK-C vaccine or the further-attenuated Schwarz vaccine, both of which were developed in Japan. The worldwide use of further-attenuated vaccines is strongly recommended. The system of fixed surveillance stations, which was started in 1981 by the Japanese government with the voluntary cooperation of pediatricians and ophthalmologists, is described. This system proved effective in obtaining information about the prevalence of communicable diseases, including measles, in childhood and about the efficacy of vaccines.
43 citations
TL;DR: Several personality measures, assessing sensation-seeking, socialization, locus of control, and trait anxiety, were administered to a representative sample of US Navy divers and the results compared to data obtained from published norms.
Abstract: Several personality measures, assessing sensation-seeking, socialization, locus of control, and trait anxiety, were administered to a representative sample of US Navy divers and the results compared to data obtained from published norms. The divers had significantly lower Internality-Externality scores, were more poorly socialized, and had lower levels of trait anxiety than the norm groups. Findings for the five subscales of the sensation-seeking measure showed that, compared to the norm group, divers scored significantly higher on the Thrill and Adventure Seeking subscale and significantly lower on the Experience Seeking and Disinhibition subscales. These findings correspond well to constructs of diver personality derived from earlier research. While the data indicate that these measures may be useful in screening and selecting personnel for hazardous occupations, future research should determine the reliability of these differences using appropriate comparison groups (e.g. non-diving Navy personnel). Inasmuch as moderate correlations were found among the five subscales of the sensation-seeking measure, the statistical independence of these subscales should be revalidated prior to using these subscales for screening and selection purposes.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, electron spin resonance spectroscopy has been used to investigate free radical involvement in the oxidation of Victorian brown coal, showing that the free radicals responsible for the narrow signal interact reversibly with atmospheric oxygen while the broad signal changes intensity dramatically during prolonged exposure to air.
38 citations
TL;DR: Small polydisperse circular DNAs of mouse thymocytes were purified by a procedure involving nitrocellulose column chromatography and the treatment of ATP-dependent DNase, which acts only upon linear DNA molecules.
37 citations
TL;DR: The consequences of hyperglycemia in this Micronesian population are comparable to those already documented in European and American Indian communities.
Abstract: An epidemiologic survey of the whole adult Micronesian population of Nauru in the Central Pacific conducted in 1982 has confirmed that Nauruans, along with Pima Indians, suffer the highest rate of abnormal glucose tolerance yet recorded. To establish the morbid effects of hyperglycemia in this population, all responders to the diabetes survey were concurrently examined for diabetic retinopathy. In diabetic subjects, the crude prevalence of retinopathy was 24%. Specific rates were determined at various levels of the following characteristics: age, two-hour post-load plasma glucose, body mass index, duration of diabetes, and systolic blood pressure. Prevalence was found to rise with increasing two-hour plasma glucose and duration, to fall with increasing body mass index, and to have a quadratic relationship with age and systolic blood pressure. The multiple logistic regression model was used to determine whether the selected characteristics were significant in increasing the risk of retinopathy. Body mass index and systolic blood pressure did not contribute significantly to this risk after controlling for age. Increasing two-hour plasma glucose significantly increased the risk of retinopathy, and duration of disease was the strongest predictor variable. This study shows that the consequences of hyperglycemia in this Micronesian population are comparable to those already documented in European and American Indian communities.
TL;DR: VE prevented abortion and maternal death, but none of the other effects such as fetal loss, fetal growth retardation, and decrease in body weight gain of the dams were observed.
Abstract: Toxic effects of sodium selenite (SS) on dams and/or conceptuses and modification of the effects by vitamin E (VE) or reduced glutathione (GSH) were investigated in pregnant mice during late gestation. Dose-dependent fetocidal effects and fetal growth retardation were observed in mothers injected SC with SS on day 12 but not on day 16 of gestation. On day 12, abortion occurred only at a dose level of 58.8 mumol/kg SS, whereas on day 16 it occurred at two dose levels: 27.2 and 40.0 mumol/kg SS. Pregnant mice were treated with or without VE (50 mg/kg, SC, daily from day 7 to day 11) and injected with a single dose of SS (46.2 mumol/kg, SC) on day 12. VE prevented abortion and maternal death, but none of the other effects such as fetal loss, fetal growth retardation, and decrease in body weight gain of the dams. Pretreatment with GSH (0, 2, or 5 mM/kg, SC) 20 min before SS injection on day 12 exacerbated maternal death, abortion, and decrease in body weight gain of the dams. No effect were observed in the number of live offspring, and in body weight of offspring.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of attitudes on behavior, intention to perform a behavior on actual behavior, and the simultaneous effects of attitudes and intention on each other, were examined within a sample of U. S. Navy enlisted men.
Abstract: The effect of attitudes on behavior, intention to perform a behavior on actual behavior, and the simultaneous effects of attitudes and intention on each other, were examined within a sample of U. S. Navy enlisted men. A three-wave longitudinal design was employed in which measures of job satisfaction, organization satisfaction, and intention to reenlist were obtained at two time periods 6 months apart. Approximately 2 years after the initial data were collected, archival records were examined to identify participants whose enlistment had expired. Two hundred sixty such men were identified and their reenlistment decision noted. These men constituted the sample under study. Extending the general model proposed by Alwin, a structural equation analysis was employed. It was shown that the effect of intention on attitude was greater than the effect of attitude on intention. Situational constraints that might override preferences in determining actual behaviors were discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the annealing behavior of high dose (1015−1016 cm−2) 80 keV Sb implants into (100) silicon has been investigated in detail, using transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering and channeling, 4 pt. probe (electrical) measurements and X-ray diffraction.
TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that the stronger bonding arises from an electronic, rather than a collisional, process, and the results are presented and discussed within the framework of a recent model for heavy ion-induced effects.
Abstract: Helium ions of 2 MeV energy and electrons of 5 to 30 keV energy have been used to irradiate a variety of thin (10–330 nm) metal films after deposition on semiconductor and insulator substrates. Dose thresholds for increased adhesion were found following irradiation with either type of particle. It is argued that the stronger bonding arises from an electronic, rather than a collisional, process. Representative results are presented and discussed within the framework of a recent model for heavy ion-induced effects.
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this article, the annealing behavior during near-surface solid phase crystallization of silicon was investigated and intriguing impurity redistribution, segregation and supersaturation effects were observed, although the recrystallization rate can be as much as ten orders of magnitude slower than during ultra-rapid liquid phase epitaxial growth.
Abstract: Ion implantation into crystalline silicon typically produces an amorphous near-surface layer which is metastable and recrystallizes on subsequent heat treatment. The recrystallization process usually proceeds epitaxially on the underlying crystalline silicon substrate via either liquid or solid phase processes depending on the annealing procedure adopted. The previous chapter treated the annealing behavior during intense and rapid (nsec) laser or electron beam irradiations which induce local melting of the near-surface layers and recrystallization via liquid phase epitaxy. Intriguing impurity redistribution, segregation and supersaturation effects are observed to result from this annealing process. The magnitude of the observed effects is dependent upon the velocity of the liquid-solid interface (in the range of 1 m/sec) during the ultra-rapid resolidification time. The present chapter outlines the annealing behavior during near-surface solid phase crystallization of silicon, where similarly intriguing impurity movement and supersaturation effects are observed, although the recrystallization rate can be as much as ten orders of magnitude slower (1A/sec) than during ultra-rapid liquid phase epitaxial growth.
TL;DR: In this paper, the insertion loss of a 2-μm-wide monomode guide with a radius of 300 μm was measured for a GaAs/GaAlAs with a minimum combined bending and scattering loss of 0.6 dB/rad.
Abstract: Small-radii curved optical waveguides have been fabricated in GaAs/GaAlAs using electron-beam lithography. Ion-beam milling was used as an isotropic etch. The insertion loss of these devices was limited not by bending loss but by input coupling and scattering loss from rib-wall imperfections. A minimum combined bending and scattering loss of 0.6 dB/rad was measured for a 2-μm-wide monomode guide with a radius of 300 μm.
TL;DR: In this paper, the roles played by matrix effects, sputtering phenomena, peak interference, peak height variation and poor vacuum backpressure in obtaining quantitative analyses were studied, with several techniques being developed to allow rapid and simple quantitative analysis.
TL;DR: In this paper, pregnant mice were injected with Na275SeO3 and/or CH3203HgCl, or (CH320 3Hg)275Se i.v. on Day 16 of gestation.
TL;DR: In this paper, a cognitive model of behavior and life style parameters is presented, and the research implications of such a model are outlined, as well as the problems generated by normative theories.
TL;DR: Using female rats from 2 to 64 weeks old, the changes in bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGP) levels in bone and serum were studied in relation to the changes to calcium metabolism during aging to determine change in serum BGP levels in various disorders of calcium metabolism.
Abstract: Using female rats from 2 to 64 weeks old, the changes in bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGP) levels in bone and serum were studied in relation to the changes in calcium metabolism during aging. Intestinal calcium transport, serum phosphorus level, bone origin serum alkaline phosphatase activity and serum BGP content were high in rapidly growing animals and then decreased with aging. Serum BGP content correlated well to bone origin serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Bone density, bone ash content and bone BGP content increased during aging. Bone BGP content was correlated to bone density which indicates the level of bone calcification. Moreover, the effect of castration on calcium metabolism and bone and serum BGP contents were observed in young (10 weeks old) and aged (40 weeks old) female rat at 12 and 24 weeks after operation. Intestinal calcium transport in ovariectomized rat was significantly lower than in sham operated rat. Serum phosphorus level and serum BGP content were increased in castrated female rat. However, serum calcium level and bone origin serum alkaline phosphatase activity did not show a significant change in castrated female rat. Bone density was significantly decreased in aged rat at 24 weeks after operation. During aging or castration, serum BGP content changed more than bone BGP content. The determination of change in serum BGP levels in various disorders of calcium metabolism would be very informative in future study.
TL;DR: Stability studies indicate that reproducible and stable aggregates may be made from purified IgG and that fractionated aggregates should be stored quick-frozen until needed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a backscattering and channeling analysis of high dose, room temperature implanted Ge has revealed an anomalous near-surface yield deficit due to the absorption of oxygen and other light mass contaminants into a highly porous implanted layer upon exposure to air.
TL;DR: This paper describes an inhalation technique that involves a dynamic closed-loop recirculating system which uses only small amounts of toxicant since the test atmosphere to which the animals are exposed is recycled.
TL;DR: The technique described provides a simplified method for construction of molds that permit the fabrication of initial and duplicate flexible prostheses that accommodate a single ocular component.
Abstract: The technique described provides a simplified method for construction of molds for orbital prostheses. This technique results in molds that permit the fabrication of initial and duplicate flexible prostheses that accommodate a single ocular component.
TL;DR: The facts indicate that rubella epidemics occurred in 1956-58, 1966 and 1976-77, that the magnitude of each epidemic was different, and that there were intervals without endemicity in the inter-epidemic periods.
Abstract: The epidemiology of rubella in most areas of Asia has not been defined. In Fukuoka city in southern Japan, rubella epidemics occurred in 1956-58, in 1966 and in 1976-77. During the first halves of the 1960s and 1970s, neither epidemic nor endemic clinical rubella occurred. Rubella mass vaccination for girls of 14 years of age started in 1978. Rubella seroepidemiologic studies were performed in 1965, 1974, 1978-79 and 1981 in Fukuoka city. Current studies indicated that children of 6-10 years of age during the epidemics of 1956-58, 1966 and 1976-77 were infected with rubella in 72%, 37% and 57% of cases, respectively. Just before the epidemics of 1966 and 1976-77 100% of the children under nine years of age had no antibodies to rubella indicating absence of recent outbreaks. Whereas 95% of the population (young women of 15-18 years of age in 1981) which participated in the rubella mass vaccination programme since 1978 have rubella Hl antibodies, 46% of the nonparticipating population (19-23 years of age in 1981) remains susceptible to rubella. These facts indicate that rubella epidemics occurred in 1956-58, 1966 and 1976-77, that the magnitude of each epidemic was different, and that there were intervals without endemicity in the inter-epidemic periods. However, after the nation wide rubella epidemic in 1975-77, endemic rubella continued, and rubella epidemics again occurred in 1980-82. The unique rubella epidemic pattern in Japan may be changing in the 1980s to that which existed in most areas of the world where rubella was endemic with periodic increased incidence of epidemicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of electrically active dopants on the solid phase epitaxial regrowth rate in silicon has been investigated and a model to explain these doping effects drawn from a recently proposed model to account for similar effects of doping on dislocation motion was proposed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a model to account for the influence of doping and electronic processes on the solid phase epitaxial regrowth rate of ion implanted (100) silicon is presented.
Abstract: This paper outlines a model to account for the influence of doping and electronic processes on the solid phase epitaxial regrowth rate of ion implanted (100) silicon. In addition we present data which illustrates good quality epitaxial crystallisation of silicon at 400°C induced by He+ ion irradiation. We tentatively suggest that electronic energy-loss processes may be responsible for this behaviour.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented new data on the previously observed porous structures which can be developed in high dose, ion implanted Ge and GaAs substrates under particular implant conditions.
Abstract: This paper presents new data on the previously observed porous structures which can be developed in high dose, ion implanted Ge. In addition, we provide strong evidence to suggest that such porous structures can be formed in high dose, ion implanted Si and GaAs substrates under particular implant conditions. Comparison of the various systems using RBS analysis indicates that heavy ion doses as low as 1014 cm−2 can give rise to such structural modifications in GaAs, whereas doses of 1015 cm−2 are needed to observe an effect with Ge and doses usually exceeding 1016cm−2 are required for Si.