Institution
Kawasaki Medical School
Education•Kurashiki, Japan•
About: Kawasaki Medical School is a education organization based out in Kurashiki, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Lung cancer. The organization has 3748 authors who have published 7861 publications receiving 168961 citations. The organization is also known as: Kawasaki ika daigaku & Kawasaki Medical University.
Topics: Cancer, Lung cancer, Population, Medicine, Breast cancer
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macro-autophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes.
Abstract: In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes.
For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy.
Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. Along these lines, because of the potential for pleiotropic effects due to blocking autophagy through genetic manipulation, it is imperative to target by gene knockout or RNA interference more than one autophagy-related protein. In addition, some individual Atg proteins, or groups of proteins, are involved in other cellular pathways implying that not all Atg proteins can be used as a specific marker for an autophagic process. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
5,187 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that an increase in MCP-1 expression in adipose tissue contributes to the macrophage infiltration into this tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis associated with obesity in mice.
Abstract: Adipocytes secrete a variety of bioactive molecules that affect the insulin sensitivity of other tissues. We now show that the abundance of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA in adipose tissue and the plasma concentration of MCP-1 were increased both in genetically obese diabetic (db/db) mice and in WT mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Mice engineered to express an MCP-1 transgene in adipose tissue under the control of the aP2 gene promoter exhibited insulin resistance, macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, and increased hepatic triglyceride content. Furthermore, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue induced by a high-fat diet were reduced extensively in MCP-1 homozygous KO mice compared with WT animals. Finally, acute expression of a dominant-negative mutant of MCP-1 ameliorated insulin resistance in db/db mice and in WT mice fed a high-fat diet. These findings suggest that an increase in MCP-1 expression in adipose tissue contributes to the macrophage infiltration into this tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis associated with obesity in mice.
2,451 citations
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TL;DR: A global consensus for gastritis was developed for the first time, which will be the basis for an international classification system and for further research on the subject.
Abstract: Objective To present results of the Kyoto Global Consensus Meeting, which was convened to develop global consensus on (1) classification of chronic gastritis and duodenitis, (2) clinical distinction of dyspepsia caused by Helicobacter pylori from functional dyspepsia, (3) appropriate diagnostic assessment of gastritis and (4) when, whom and how to treat H. pylori gastritis. Design Twenty-three clinical questions addressing the above-mentioned four domains were drafted for which expert panels were asked to formulate relevant statements. A Delphi method using an anonymous electronic system was adopted to develop the consensus, the level of which was predefined as ≥80%. Final modifications of clinical questions and consensus were achieved at the face-to-face meeting in Kyoto. Results All 24 statements for 22 clinical questions after extensive modifications and omission of one clinical question were achieved with a consensus level of >80%. To better organise classification of gastritis and duodenitis based on aetiology, a new classification of gastritis and duodenitis is recommended for the 11th international classification. A new category of H. pylori -associated dyspepsia together with a diagnostic algorithm was proposed. The adoption of grading systems for gastric cancer risk stratification, and modern image-enhancing endoscopy for the diagnosis of gastritis, were recommended. Treatment to eradicate H. pylori infection before preneoplastic changes develop, if feasible, was recommended to minimise the risk of more serious complications of the infection. Conclusions A global consensus for gastritis was developed for the first time, which will be the basis for an international classification system and for further research on the subject.
1,182 citations
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Sapporo Medical University1, University of Tokyo2, Asahikawa Medical University3, Ehime University4, Tohoku University5, Kurume University6, Dokkyo Medical University7, Mie University8, Keio University9, Osaka City University10, Jichi Medical University11, Kawasaki Medical School12, Kumamoto University13, Nagoya City University14, National Defense Medical College15, Shiga University of Medical Science16, Osaka University17, Saga University18, University of the Ryukyus19, Saitama Medical University20, Yokohama City University21
TL;DR: Kazuaki SHIMAMOTO, Katsuyuki ANDO, Toshiro FUJITA, Naoyuki HASEBE, Jitsuo HIGAKI, Masatsugu HORIUCHI, Yutaka IMAI, Tsutomu IMAIZUMI, Toshihiko ISHIMITSU, Masaaki ITO, Sadayoshi ITO and Hiroshi ITOH are presented.
Abstract: Kazuaki SHIMAMOTO, Katsuyuki ANDO, Toshiro FUJITA, Naoyuki HASEBE, Jitsuo HIGAKI, Masatsugu HORIUCHI, Yutaka IMAI, Tsutomu IMAIZUMI, Toshihiko ISHIMITSU, Masaaki ITO, Sadayoshi ITO, Hiroshi ITOH, Hiroshi IWAO, Hisashi KAI, Kazuomi KARIO, Naoki KASHIHARA, Yuhei KAWANO, Shokei KIM-MITSUYAMA, Genjiro KIMURA, Katsuhiko KOHARA, Issei KOMURO, Hiroo KUMAGAI, Hideo MATSUURA, Katsuyuki MIURA, Ryuichi MORISHITA, Mitsuhide NARUSE, Koichi NODE, Yusuke OHYA, Hiromi RAKUGI, Ikuo SAITO, Shigeyuki SAITOH, Kazuyuki SHIMADA, Tatsuo SHIMOSAWA, Hiromichi SUZUKI, Kouichi TAMURA, Norio TANAHASHI, Takuya TSUCHIHASHI, Makoto UCHIYAMA, Shinichiro UEDA, Satoshi UMEMURA, on behalf of The Japanese Society of Hypertension Committee for Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension
1,061 citations
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TL;DR: An analysis of the effect of interferon therapy on the incidence and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C who have undergone liver biopsy at one of eight participating institutions supported by the Japan Ministry of Health and Welfare.
Abstract: Among patients with chronic hepatitis C, interferon therapy significantly reduced the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma, especially in persons who showed a virologic or biochemical response.
1,061 citations
Authors
Showing all 3764 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Patrick C. Walsh | 136 | 776 | 77683 |
Kazuwa Nakao | 128 | 1041 | 70812 |
Akira Yamamoto | 117 | 1999 | 74961 |
Kazuaki Chayama | 105 | 1511 | 52413 |
Hiromitsu Nakauchi | 96 | 623 | 41607 |
Hironobu Sasano | 94 | 1200 | 43414 |
Hirofumi Makino | 82 | 803 | 30523 |
Shinji Tanaka | 77 | 638 | 22745 |
Mitsuo Iida | 75 | 539 | 20405 |
Antonino Neri | 73 | 450 | 19895 |
Shunichi Shimasaki | 71 | 164 | 16797 |
Takashi Akasaka | 70 | 587 | 21018 |
Masatoshi Fujishima | 68 | 902 | 23000 |
Mariano Rocchi | 67 | 346 | 20003 |
Sumihare Noji | 62 | 246 | 13064 |