Shriners Hospitals for Children - Galveston

About: Shriners Hospitals for Children - Galveston is a healthcare organization based out in Galveston, Texas, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Burn injury & Lean body mass. The organization has 249 authors who have published 420 publications receiving 15311 citations.

Lamina propria group 2 innate lymphoid cells impair the antibacterial defense of burned mice to enterococcal translocation.

Abstract: Gut microbiota that invades to the defective mucosal barrier is one of the major sources of infectious complications in severely burned hosts. In this study, a role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and effects of N-{4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-2-thiophenesulfonamide (SR3335) on the host antibacterial resistance against infectious complications caused by Enterococcus faecalis oral infection were investigated in burned mice. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α (RORα) is a transcription factor required for the development of ILC2, and SR3335 is an RORα-selective inverse agonist. All of burned mice died within 6 d of E. faecalis infection (5 × 106 CFU/mouse), whereas 100% of the same mice treated with SR3335 survived. The increased ILC2 and their cytokine products (IL-5 and IL-13) were detected in the lamina propria of mice, 1-7 d after burn injury. However, the number of ILC2 did not increase in the lamina propria of burned mice treated with SR3335. The antibacterial resistance of SCID-beige (SCIDbg) mice to E. faecalis infection was impaired by the inoculation of ILC2. BALB/c, SCIDbg, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-depleted SCIDbg mice were shown to be resistant against E. faecalis infection. However, all Mϕ depleted SCIDbg mice died after the infection. These results indicate that host antibacterial effector Mϕ against enterococcal translocation are influenced by ILC2, increased in the bacterial translocation site of burned mice, and sepsis stemming from E. faecalis oral infection was amazingly mitigated in these mice after treatment with SR3335, an inhibitor of cellular differentiation from an ILC precursor (ILCP) to ILC2.

Peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst reduces vasopressin requirement in ovine MRSA sepsis

Abstract: Sepsis is one of the most frequent causes of death in the intensive care unit. Host vascular hypo-responsiveness to vasopressors during septic shock is one of the challenging problems. This study tested the hypothesis that adjunct therapy with peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst (WW-85) would reduce arginine vasopressin (AVP) requirements during sepsis resuscitation, using ovine sepsis model. Thirteen adult female Merino sheep, previously instrumented with multiple vascular catheters, were subjected to “two-hit” (cotton smoke inhalation and intrapulmonary instillation of live methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; 3.5 × 1011 colony-forming units) injury. Post injury, animals were awakened and randomly allocated to the following groups: (1) AVP: injured, fluid resuscitated, and titrated with AVP, n = 6 or (2) WW-85 + AVP: injured, fluid resuscitated, treated with WW-85, and titrated with AVP, n = 7. One-hour post injury, a bolus intravenous injection of WW-85 (0.1 mg/kg) was followed by a 23-h continuous infusion (0.02 mg/kg/h). Titration of AVP started at a dose of 0.01 unit/min, when mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased by 10 mmHg from baseline, despite aggressive fluid resuscitation, and the rate was further adjusted to maintain MAP. After the injury, all animals were placed on a mechanical ventilator and monitored in the conscious state for 24 h. The injury induced severe hypotension refractory to aggressive fluid resuscitation. High doses of AVP were required to partially attenuate the sepsis-induced hypotension. However, the cumulative AVP requirement was significantly reduced by adjunct treatment with WW-85 at 17–24 h after the injury (p < 0.05). Total AVP dose and the highest AVP rate were significantly lower in the WW-85 + AVP group compared to the AVP group (p = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Treatment with WW-85 had no adverse effects. In addition, the in vitro effects of AVP on isolated artery diameter changes were abolished with peroxynitrite co-incubation. The modulation of reactive nitrogen species, such as peroxynitrite, may be considered as a novel adjunct treatment option for septic shock associated with vascular hypo-responsiveness to vasopressors.

Postural control and physiological responses to a simulated match in U-20 judo competitors.

Abstract: The aim was to evaluate the effects of judo combat on the athletes' postural control (PC) and physiological loading before, during and after a simulated match. Seventeen under-20 regional and national level athletes completed one modified 7-min match. At baseline, during the combat (3rd and 7th minutes) and 2-min post-match centre of pressure (CoP) parameters were assessed. Heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BLa) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and local RPE (LRPE) were collected. Significant increments were observed in CoP mean positioning and velocity at 3rd and 7th minutes, but the CoP deviation in both axes was unaffected. HR and BLa were elevated at 3rd and 7th minutes, and they remained elevated 2-min post-match. However, CoP returned to baseline 2-min post-match. RPE was elevated at 3rd and 7th minutes and the greatest effort was displayed in the Deltoid and Quadriceps. Thus, one simulated judo match stimulates a significant metabolic response and balance is degraded, with the greatest effects on the anterior-posterior axis and it recovers to baseline level after 2 min of passive rest. The physiological load cannot be regarded as a potential predictor variable of CoP. Overall, a judo match predominantly affects the upper body than the other body parts.