Universidad del Desarrollo

About: Universidad del Desarrollo is a education organization based out in Santiago, Chile. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Entrepreneurship. The organization has 2695 authors who have published 3578 publications receiving 52302 citations.

Range expansion of Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) in Patagonian Chile, and first record of Hantavirus in the region

Abstract: Actualmente se reconocen 20 especies de Oligoryzomys (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) en la region Neotropical, la mayoria de ellas distinguidas por sus cariotipos, los que fluctuan entre 46-70 cromosomas. En Chile se reconocen dos especies, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (Bennet, 1832; "colilargo"; 2n = 56), desde los 27° S hasta aproximadamente 51° S, y Oligoryzomys magellanicus (Bennet, 1836; 2n = 54), al sur de los 51 ° S en la region Patagonica de Chile y Argentina. Como parte de una investigacion en curso en la Patagonia sur de Chile, reportamos los resultados de muestreos de pequenos mamiferos en seis localidades. Cariotipamos 28 especimenes y secuenciamos la region hipervariable I del mtDNA en 22 individuos, alineando estas secuencias con una filogenia de O. longicaudatus en desarrollo. Adicionalmente evaluamos la serologia y la presencia de carga viral en todos los especimenes capturados con el objeto de detectar la presencia de anticuerpos anti-Andesvirus (ANDV) mediante Strip Immunoblot Assay (SIA), y de genoma viral mediante RT-PCR. Los resultados muestran consistentemente que el cariotipo de los especimenes de la Patagonia sur de Chile es 2n = 56, similar al de O. longicaudatus, y que los individuos de esta region no se diferencian filogeneticamente de aquellos del norte del rango de distribucion de esta especie. Adicionalmente, los analisis serologicos demostraron la presencia de anticuerpos IgG anti-ANDV y de genoma viral en corazon, rinon, bazo y pulmones de un especimen de Oligoryzomys de la localidad de Fuerte Bulnes en la Region de Magallanes. Concluimos que todos los especimenes capturados al sur de los 51° S corresponden a Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, expandiendo asi el rango de distribucion de esta especie hasta al menos 55° S. Los resultados tambien extienden la distribucion de la cepa Andes de Hantavirus al extremo sur de la Patagonia.

Effects of an intervention to promote socioemotional development in terms of attachment security: a study in early institutionalization in Chile.

Abstract: The Chilean government commissioned a quasi-experimental study with a pre-/postintervention design that had two general aims: (a) to assess infants' psychoaffective developmental levels (pre-intervention phase) and (b) to evaluate whether an intervention based on the promotion of socioemotional development modifies the infant's psychoaffective development. Sixty-two institutionalized infants and their alternative caregivers were evaluated at a pre-intervention stage. An intervention then took place, with the caregivers trained according to an "attachment sensitivity manual." Results showed normal ranges of psychomotor development (64% normal, 9% delayed) and a very high frequency of attachment insecurity, as compared to the normative population (53%).The intervention significantly improved social orientation and object orientation as well as activity and reactivity levels. We conclude that although institutionalized infants in Chile do not exhibit high levels of atypical attachment, socioemotional deterioration may lead to vulnerability in present and future development. Finally, the scope of this study affected public policies regarding children, initiating a change to a foster family system and a variety of modifications in the strategies for adopting institutionalized infants.

Clinical Predictive Model of Multidrug Resistance in Neutropenic Cancer Patients with Bloodstream Infection Due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Abstract: Background: We aimed to assess the rate and predictive factors of bloodstream infection (BSI) due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in neutropenic cancer patients. Methods: We performed a multicenter, retrospective cohort study including onco-hematological neutropenic patients with BSI due to PA conducted across 34 centers in 12 countries from January 2006 to May 2018. A mixed logistic regression model was used to estimate a model to predict multidrug resistance of the causative pathogens. Results: Of a total of 1217 episodes of BSI due to PA, 309 episodes (25.4%) were caused by MDR strains. The rate of multidrug resistance increased significantly over the study period (p=0.033). Predictors of MDRPA BSI were prior therapy with piperacillin/tazobactam (odds ratio [OR], 3.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.29-5.30), prior antipseudomonal carbapenem use (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.65-3.87), fluoroquinolone prophylaxis (OR, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.92-4.64), underlying hematological disease (OR, 2.09 95% CI, 1.26-3.44) and the presence of a urinary catheter (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.65-3.91), whereas older age (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99) was found to be protective. Conclusions: Our prediction model achieves good discrimination and calibration, thereby identifying neutropenic patients at higher risk of BSI due to MDRPA. The application of this model using a web-based calculator may be a simple strategy to identify high-risk patients, who may benefit from the early administration of a broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage against MDR strains according to the local susceptibility patterns, thus avoiding the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in patients at low risk of resistance.

Meniscus allograft transplantation: indications, techniques and outcomes

Abstract: New indications for meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) are being added, but the general expert opinion is that it is still a procedure reserved for symptomatic meniscal loss.Lateral MAT has better clinical outcomes and less failure risk compared to medial MAT.Ideal conditions (low-grade chondral lesions) make MAT a more survivable and successful procedure.Meniscal extrusion after MAT is common and does not seem to alter results.Midterm survivorship of a MAT is reported to be 85-90%, while long-term survivorship decreases to 50-70% depending on chondral status and concomitant procedures.Even if the procedure is a success, there are high possibilities of not being able to resume sports activities. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:115-120. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180052.