Showing papers by "Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso published in 2008"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that 77% of carbon transported by water from the landscape was as terrestrially-respired CO2 dissolved within soils, over 90% of which evaded to the atmosphere within headwater reaches of streams.
Abstract: [1] Large Amazonian rivers are known to emit substantial amounts of CO2 to the atmosphere, while the magnitude of CO2 degassing from small streams remains a major unknown in regional carbon budgets. We found that 77% of carbon transported by water from the landscape was as terrestrially-respired CO2 dissolved within soils, over 90% of which evaded to the atmosphere within headwater reaches of streams. Hydrologic transport of dissolved CO2 was equivalent to nearly half the gaseous CO2 contributions from deep soil (>2 m) to respiration at the soil surface. Dissolved CO2 in emergent groundwater was isotopically consistent with soil respiration, and demonstrated strong agreement with deep soil CO2 concentrations and seasonal dynamics. During wet seasons, deep soil (2–8 m) CO2 concentration profiles indicated gaseous diffusion to deeper layers, thereby enhancing CO2 drainage to streams. Groundwater discharge of CO2 and its subsequent evasion is a significant conduit for terrestrially-respired carbon in tropical headwater catchments.
208 citations
TL;DR: Analise critica da producao bibliografica latino-americana dos ultimos dez anos, acerca da adesao/nao-adesao ao tratamento de pessoas portadoras de problemas cronicos de saude: hanseniase, tuberculose, hipertensao, diabetes e aids as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Analise critica da producao bibliografica latino-americana dos ultimos dez anos, acerca da adesao/nao-adesao ao tratamento de pessoas portadoras de problemas cronicos de saude: hanseniase, tuberculose, hipertensao, diabetes e aids. Foram analisados 36 artigos, identificando-se as variaveis: ano de publicacao, area de publicacao e tipo de estudo. A maior parte dos artigos (27) foi produzida por profissionais da area de Medicina em estudos epidemiologicos e da area de Enfermagem (7) em estudos qualitativos e quanti-qualitativos. A producao cientifica sobre o assunto cresceu ate 2002, caindo a partir desse ano. Nas definicoes descritas pelos autores, a ideia recorrente foi a de que o papel do paciente e o de ser submisso as recomendacoes dos profissionais de saude e que ele tem autonomia para seguir ou nao o tratamento, mas o profissional exime-se da responsabilidade sobre as consequencias dessa decisao. A maioria dos fatores apontados pelos autores como contribuintes para a nao-adesao esta relacionada ao paciente, mostrando que a maior carga de responsabilidade pela adesao/nao-adesao e conferida a ele. As medidas assinaladas pelos autores para a resolucao do problema permitem a identificacao da responsabilidade dos profissionais, servicos de saude, governos e instituicoes de ensino.
130 citations
TL;DR: In this article, micrometeorological measurements of latent (Qe) and sensible heat flux (Qh) and canopy conductance were combined with measurements of sap flux density (Fd) and maximum leaf conductance (gsmax) to characterize the seasonal controls on mass (H2O) and energy exchange of an ecotonal, semi-deciduous forest in northern Mato Grosso, Brazil over the 2005-2006 annual cycle.
Abstract: [1] Deforestation and climate change have the capacity to alter rainfall regimes, water availability, and surface-atmosphere flux of water and energy of tropical forests, especially in ecotonal, semi-deciduous tropical forests of the southern Amazon Basin, which have experienced rapid regional warming and deforestation over the last three decades. To reduce uncertainty regarding current and future energy and water flux, micrometeorological measurements of latent (Qe) and sensible heat flux (Qh) and canopy conductance (Gc) were combined with measurements of sap flux density (Fd) and maximum leaf conductance (gsmax) to characterize the seasonal controls on mass (H2O) and energy exchange of an ecotonal, semi-deciduous forest in northern Mato Grosso, Brazil over the 2005-2006 annual cycle. Average diel patterns and daily rates of energy flux and conductance declined during the dry season; however, the decline in Fd and Qe was smaller and/or more gradual than Gc and gsmax. Weekly averages of transpiration calculated from sap flow measurements during the dry-wet season transition period were positively correlated (r2 = 0.47; p < 0.05; n = 11) with estimates of leaf area index (LAI) derived from the Modis-Aqua satellite platform while estimates of evapotranspiration ET derived from eddy covariance were not, presumably because these estimates also include an evaporation component. Overall, our results suggest that access to deep water reserves can support high rates of Fd and Qe during the dry season, but because of high evaporative demand, declines in plant water potential lead to a corresponding decline in Gc. Furthermore, seasonal variations in LAI, that are likely to be controlled in part by plant water status and phenology, constrain tree and stand transpiration. Thus the consistency of Qe over the annual cycle appears to be the result of trade-offs between water availability (rainfall, soil moisture, water potential), canopy structural properties (LAI), and meteorological conditions including vapor pressure deficit and net radiation.
102 citations
TL;DR: The data of sub-chronic experiments suggest that long-term use of V. macrocarpa stem-bark extract may be helpful in treating diabetic conditions, possibly related to an improved insulin resistance.
84 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used principal component analysis (PCA) to estimate the Ki index (1.7SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ) in AVIRIS spectra, an indicator of the degree of soil weathering in soil surveys.
Abstract: Airborne Visible/InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data acquired in 1995 in the vicinity of Campo Verde, central Brazil, were analyzed to investigate the relationships between the mineralogical and chemical composition of different soil types and topography. Band depth analysis following the continuum removal separated areas of exposed soils from the other scene components. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to this subset of pixel spectra of exposed soils. The Spectral Feature Fitting (SFF) technique was used for mineral identification in the scene. Regression relationships between the silica/aluminum ratio and the absorption band depth values at 2210 nm (kaolinite) and 2260 nm (gibbsite), calculated from laboratory spectra after the continuum removal, were used to estimate the Ki index (1.7SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ) in AVIRIS spectra, an indicator of the degree of soil weathering in soil surveys. Results were plotted over an Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)-derived digital elevation model showing that several soil properties varied with surface elevation. Low reflectance soils (e.g., Rhodic Acrustox with negative first component (PC1) scores, clay texture and higher organic carbon, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 and TiO 2 content) predominated at higher elevations and high reflectance soils (e.g., Ustic Quartzipsamments with positive PC1 scores, sand texture and lower content of these constituents) at lower elevations. In some portions of the study area, soil composition changed gradually from Rhodic Acrustox at higher elevations to Xanthic Acrustox at lower elevations, or from lower average soil reflectance (negative PC1 scores) and deeper kaolinite absorption band to higher average soil reflectance (positive PC1 scores) and deeper gibbsite absorption band. When applied to AVIRIS data, the laboratory-derived relationship between the Ki index and the depth of the 2210 and 2260 nm absorption bands showed a good correspondence with spectral fits for kaolinite and gibbsite. Kaolinitic areas were associated with high Ki values due to a high SiO 2 and low Al 2 O 3 content, whereas gibbsitic areas corresponded to low Ki values and highly weathered soil surfaces due to a low SiO 2 and high Al 2 O 3 content.
68 citations
TL;DR: A coleta de dados etnobotânicos foi realizada by meio de visitas domiciliares, utilizando-se a tecnica de "bola de neve" as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Os quintais sao uma das formas mais antigas de manejo da terra. Esses sistemas consistem em uma combinacao de arvores, arbustos, herbaceas, algumas vezes associados a pequenos animais domesticos, crescendo proximos a residencia. Com o objetivo de identificar as especies vegetais que compoem o verde dos quintais de Rosario Oeste, Mato Grosso, e que fazem parte da alimentacao de seus moradores, seguiu-se a metodologia de pesquisa sugerida por estudos etnobotânicos, com base em analises qualitativa e quantitativa. A coleta de dados etnobotânicos foi realizada por meio de visitas domiciliares, utilizando-se a tecnica de "bola de neve". Foram identificadas 94 especies vegetais, utilizadas especialmente na alimentacao das familias. Apesar de terem importante funcao ecologica e de conservarem alta diversidade de plantas na sua composicao, garantindo a variabilidade genetica de muitas especies, esses quintais, enquanto sistemas agricolas tradicionais, voltados para a subsistencia, estao se desarticulando e perdendo espaco para a agroindustria e para outras atividades comerciais que ganham, cada vez mais, impulso no campo.
66 citations
TL;DR: It is deducted that the contamination of water resources is predominantly caused by non-point pollution of pesticides used in intensive cash-crop cultures of the Cerrado area, and a continuous monitoring of pesticide concentrations in water resources of this tropical region is necessary to detect the longer term contamination trends and developing health risks.
Abstract: Residues of the herbicides simazine, metribuzin, metolachlor, trifluralin, atrazine, and two metabolites of atrazine, deisopropylatrazine (DIA) and deethylatrazine (DEA), are surveyed in the surface and groundwater of the Primavera do Leste region, Mato Grosso, Brazil during September and December 1998 and April 1999. Different water source sampling stations of groundwater (irrigation water well, drinking water well, and water hole) and surface water (dam and river) are set up based on agricultural land use. A solid-phase extraction procedure followed by gas chromatography‐nitrogen-phosphorus detection is used for the determination of these compounds. All compounds are detected at least once in water samples. A temporal trend of pesticide contamination is observed, with the highest contamination frequency occurring in December during the main application season. Metribuzin shows the highest individual detection frequencies throughout the monitoring period, followed by metolachlor, simazine, and DEA. The maximum mean concentrations of pesticides in this study are in the range from 0.14 to 1.7 µg/L. We deduct that the contamination of water resources is predominantly caused by non-point pollution of pesticides used in intensive cash-crop cultures of the Cerrado area. Therefore, a continuous monitoring of pesticide concentrations in water resources of this tropical region is necessary to detect the longer term contamination trends and developing health risks.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an SPE-based method (styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer - SDVB) was developed for the simultaneous determination of twelve pesticides in water by HPLC/DAD.
Abstract: Aiming to evaluate the contamination of groundwater by pesticides in cotton growing areas, an SPE-based method (styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer - SDVB) was developed for the simultaneous determination of twelve pesticides in water by HPLC/DAD. The method was validated and average recoveries ranged from 73 to 113%, with a relative standard deviation of 2 to 16%. Detection limits ranged from 0.06 to 0.57 µg L-1. The method was applied to groundwater samples (110) from cotton fields located in "Primavera do Leste", Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Eight pesticides (acetamiprid, aldicarb, carbendazin, carbofuran, diuron, imidacloprid, methomyl and teflubenzuron) were found in the analyzed groundwater samples and 18% of them contained at least one of the pesticides (with concentrations ranging from 0.78 to 68.79 µg L-1). In some cases, detected concentrations exceeded the target levels set by the European Union. These findings confirm the vulnerability of shallow groundwater in the aforementioned areas to pesticide contamination.
63 citations
TL;DR: Measurement of hCG and/or its related molecules is useful in clinical practice, but greater awareness is needed worldwide regarding the use of new sensitive and specific assays tailored for different clinical applications.
Abstract: background: Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is measured in serum and urine for the early detection of ectopic pregnancy, patients with higher risk of miscarriage, embryos or fetuses with chromosome abnormalities, prediction of pre-eclampsia or fetal growth restriction and identification or follow-up of trophoblast neoplasia. This review examines basic knowledge on the heterogeneity of hCG protein core and sugar branches and its relevance to assays used in a clinical setting. methods: The databases Scielo and Medline/Pubmed were consulted for identification of the most relevant published papers. Search terms were gonadotrophin, glycoprotein structure, hCG structure and molecular forms of hCG. results: The synthesis of alpha (hCGa) and beta (hCGb) peptide chains and their further glycosylation involve the complex action of different enzymes. After assembly, hCG reaches the cell surface and is secreted as a bioactive heterodimer. The complex cascade of enzymes acting in hCG secretion results in heterogeneous molecular forms. The hCG molecules are differently metabolized by the liver, ovary and kidney, but the majority of hCG forms are excreted in the urine. Intact hCG, hCGa, hCGb, hyperglycosylated (hCGh), nicked (hCGn) and core fragment of hCGb (hCGbcf) forms have relevant clinical use. The immunogenicity of each hCG variant, their epitopes distribution and the available antibodies are important for the development of specific assays. Depending on the prevalent form or pro- portion in relation to the intact hCG, the choice of assay for measurement of a specific molecule in a particular clinical setting is paramount. conclusions: Measurement of hCG and/or its related molecules is useful in clinical practice, but greater awareness is needed world- wide regarding the use of new sensitive and specific assays tailored for different clinical applications.
60 citations
TL;DR: O levantamento etnobotânico indicou 45 diferentes usos medicinais para as especies e as partes mais utilizadas para o preparo de remedios sao as folhas e cascas, sendo que as doencas foram reumatismo, disenteria, diabetes, febres, tosses e cicatrizacoes.
Abstract: Objetivou-se, neste estudo, coletar e identificar especies nativas consideradas medicinais em dois fragmentos florestais no municipio de Dourados-MS. Foram identificadas 37 especies distribuidas em 28 familias as quais foram indicadas pelos mateiros da regiao por serem utilizadas pela populacao como alternativa medicinal. Das familias identificadas, as que apresentaram maior numero de especies foram Piperaceae (10,8%), Moraceae (8,1%), Smilaceae (8,1%), Myrtaceae (5,4%) e Rubiacee (5,4%). O levantamento etnobotânico indicou 45 diferentes usos medicinais para as especies e as partes mais utilizadas para o preparo de remedios sao as folhas e cascas, sendo que as doencas para as quais houve maior numero de indicacoes foram reumatismo, disenteria, diabetes, febres, tosses e cicatrizacoes.
59 citations
TL;DR: The authors avaliar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de pre-escolares na educacao infantil Estudo de corte transversal, utilizando 38 itens do teste de Denver II.
Abstract: O objetivo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de pre-escolares na educacao infantil Estudo de corte transversal, utilizando 38 itens do teste de Denver II Foram avaliados todos os pre-escolares com idade entre quatro e seis anos incompletos matriculados na Rede Publica Municipal de Ensino de Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brasil, no periodo de agosto 2002 a novembro 2003 Nesse periodo havia 960 pre-escolares matriculados em 27 creches e duas escolas publicas Para a analise estatistica foi aplicado o teste C2 com intervalo de 95% de confianca e ± = 5% Para calcular os percentis da idade em que os pre-escolares passaram em cada prova foi realizada uma regressao logistica Dos 960 pre-escolares avaliados, 67% apresentaram desempenho normal, 30,2% questionavel e 2,8% anormal Em 27/38 itens avaliados, o percentual de acertos ultrapassou 90% O desempenho alterado predominou no sexo masculino, no grupo de cinco a seis anos O desempenho dessa populacao foi muito semelhante ao dos pre-escolares norte-americanos de Denver, Colorado O melhor resultado segundo o genero ocorreu no sexo feminino e segundo a idade no grupo de quatro anos
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed how seasonal and interannual variations in climate alter litter dynamics, including production, decomposition, and accumulation in a semideciduous tropical forest located in the rain forest-savanna ecotone of the southern Amazon Basin.
Abstract: [1] This study analyzed how seasonal and interannual variations in climate alter litter dynamics, including production, decomposition, and accumulation. Monthly measurements of leaf, stem, and reproductive (flower plus fruit) litter and the forest floor litter mass were combined with a mass balance model to determine rates of litter decomposition for a semideciduous tropical forest located in the rain forest-savanna ecotone of the southern Amazon Basin for 2001–2007. Annual rates of litter production varied between 8 and 10.5 Mg ha−1 a−1, and leaf litter production accounted for the majority (∼70%) of the total litter production. Leaf litter production peaked at the end of the May–August dry season while stem litter production peaked during the wet season and reproductive litter production peaked during the dry-wet season transition. Forest floor litter mass ranged between 5 and 8 Mg ha−1 over the study period and generally declined as litter inputs declined. Litter decomposition rates were remarkably stable from year-to-year and varied between 10.8 and 12.4 Mg ha−1 a−1. On average, rates of litter decomposition were highest during the dry-wet season transition. Overall, our results suggest that rainfall variability directly altered litter production dynamics and indirectly altered forest floor litter mass and decomposition kinetics through its effect on litter production. Future changes in seasonal and/or interannual rainfall patterns, whether in response to El Nino or to anthropogenic climate change, will likely have important consequences for the litter dynamics of Amazonian semideciduous forest.
TL;DR: The implantation of multidisciplinary routines such as the ACERTO protocol diminishes both hospitalization and morbidity in general surgery.
Abstract: Summary Background & aims: Multimodal strategies enhance postoperative recovery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of an ERAS-based protocol named ACERTO project in elective patients in a University Hospital in Central-West Brazil. Methods: A total of 308 patients (M/F Z 160/148; median age Z47 (18e85) years old) entered the study. Patients received either traditional (nZ78) or a multidisciplinary protocol of perioperative care (ACERTO project; nZ 230). Results: The implantation of the ACERTO protocol was followed by a decrease in both pre- (16 [8e27] vs. 4 [2e20] h, p < 0.001) and postoperative fasting time (0 [0e20] vs. 1 [0e14] day; p < 0.01), and in the volume of intravenous fluids (8 [1e101] vs. 2.0 [0e100] L, p < 0.001). The changing of protocols reduced hospital stay by 2 days (5 [2e104] vs. 3 [1e64] days, p Z0.002) and surgical site infection rate by 66% (11.5%; 9/78 vs. 3.9%; 9/230, pZ 0.01; odds ratio Z 3.2, 95%CI: 1.2e8.4). Per-protocol analysis showed that both postoperative stay and morbidity diminished, and in the subset of major operations both infectious and non-infectious complications decreased only in patients who completed the protocol (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The implantation of multidisciplinary routines such as the ACERTO protocol diminishes both hospitalization and morbidity in general surgery.
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of a sustainable management concept considering ecological and socioeconomical demands of the Pantanal watershed has been discussed, and a careful planning of hydropower plants is needed to maintain some of the tributaries remaining open for fish spawning migration, and the natural flood pulse as the overriding ecological factor.
Abstract: Among globally important wetlands, the Pantanal stands out because of it's a history of harmonious coexistence of man and biodiversity. In the recent years, however, severe human impacts have emerged, which are capable of disintegrating Pantanal's natural characteristics. This paper contributes to the development of a sustainable management concept considering ecological and socioeconomical demands. Use of natural resources in the highly productive catchment of the tributaries have direct effects on the floodplains of the Pantanal. A careful planning of hydropower plants is needed to maintain (a) some of the tributaries remaining open for fish spawning migration, and (b) the natural flood pulse as the overriding ecological factor. The traditional human population of the Pantanal is threatened by the developments of global change. Their knowledge to use floodplain-specific species is very important for developing sustainable use strategies. Several positive initiatives are highlighted, including the development of a green seal for Pantanal beef and the re-establishment of gallery forests along tributaries. The sustainable use of the fish ressources requires a precise analyis of the stock dynamics. For the further development of the sustainable use, a classification system is needed, which specifies the use potential and conservation demands of the individual habitats.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the environmental impacts caused by informal occupation in the city of Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil, evaluating secondary data as well as field survey results, air photo interpretation and geographical information system (GIS) analysis.
TL;DR: The new subtribe Scatimina (part of the tribe Ateuchini) is described and defined to include the following 17 genera, of which 12 are new: Scatimus Erichson, Scatrichus Genier & Kohlmann, 2003, and Feeridium woodruffi, new species.
Abstract: The new subtribe Scatimina (part of the tribe Ateuchini) is described and defined to include the following 17 genera, of which 12 are new: Scatimus Erichson; Scatrichus Genier & Kohlmann, 2003; Trichillum Harold, 1868; Pedaridium Harold, 1868; Eutrichillum Martinez, 1969, new status; Besourenga, new genus (type species Trichillum minutum Saylor); Bradypodidium, new genus (type species Trichillum bradyporum Boucomont); Degallieridium, new genus (typespecies Degallieridium lilliputanum, new species); Feeridium, new genus (type species Feeridium woodruffi, new spe- cies); Genieridium, new genus (type species Pedaridium bidens Balthasar); Leotrichillum, new genus (type species Pedaridium louzadaorum Vaz-de-Mello & Canhedo); Martinezidium, new genus (type species Pedaridium galileoae Genier & Vaz-de-Mello); Nunoidium, new genus (type species Pedaridium argentinum Arrow); Onoreidium, new genus (type species Trichillum cristatum Arrow); Pereiraidium, new genus (type species Pedaridium almeidai Pereira); Silvinha, new genus (type species Silvinha unica, new species); and Trichillidium, new genus (type species Pedaridium quadridens Arrow). The subtribe Ateuchina Laporte is here defined and includes Ateuchus Weber, Deltorhinum Harold, Aphengium Harold and Sinapisoma Boucomont (transferred from Canthonini). The genera Scatonomus Erichson, Anomiopus Westwood and Hypocanthidium Balthasar are transferred from Ateuchini to Canthonini, and the genera Canthidium Erichson, Parachorius Harold (formerly Ateuchini) and Holocanthon Martinez & Pereira (formerly Canthonini) are transferred to Coprini. The genera Bdelyropsis Pereira, Vulcano & Martinez, Bdelyrus Harold, Coptorhina Hope, Delopleurus Erichson, Demarziella Balthasar, Onychothecus Boucomont, Paraphytus Harold, Pedaria Laporte, Pleronyx Lansberge, Pseuduroxys Balthasar, Sarophorus Erichson and Uroxys Westwood are considered as incerta sedis in the Ateuchini, not fitting into Ateuchina or Scatimina. A key is presented to the genera of Scatimina, and another for species of the genus Genieridium, which are also diagnosed. Each genus of Scatimina is diagnosed, has a complete species list, and includes remarks on affinities, composition and distribution. All genera except Scatimus and Scatrichus are (re)described, and examined material is listed for each species. The following three new species are described: Degallieridium lilliputanum, new species; Feeridium woodruffi, new species and Silvinha unica, new species. The following 32 new combinations are established (original genus in parenthesis): Besourenga minutus (Saylor) (Trichillum); B. vejdovskyi (Balthasar) (Trichillum); B. amarillai (Aguilar) (Pedaridium); B. horacioi (Martinez) (Trichillum); Bradypodidium adisi (Ratcliffe) (Trichillum); B. bradyporum (Boucomont) (Trichillum); B. venezuelense (Ferreira & Galileo) (Pedaridium); Eutrichillum arcus (Solis & Kohlmann) (Trichillum); E. hirsutum (Boucomont) (Trichillum); E. hystrix (Arrow) (Trichillum); Genieridium bidens (Balthasar) (Pedaridium); G. bordoni (Martinez) (Pedaridium); G. cryptops (Arrow) (Pedaridium); G. margareteae (Genier & Vaz-de-Mello) (Pedaridium); G. medinae (Gill & Vaz-de-Mello) (Pedaridium); G. paranense (Arrow) (Pedaridium); G. zanunciorum (Vaz-de-Mello & Canhedo) (Pedaridium); Leotrichillum louzadaorum (Vaz-de-Mello & Canhedo) (Pedaridium); Martinezidium fulgens (Arrow) (Pedaridium); M. galileoae (Genier & Vaz-de-Mello) (Pedaridium); M. martinsi (Ferreira & Galileo) (Pedaridium); M. maya (Vaz-de-Mello, Halffter, & Halffter) (Pedaridium); Nunoidium argentinum (Arrow) (Pedaridium); Onoreidium bottimeri (Howden & Young) (Pedaridium); O. cristatum (Arrow) (Trichillum); O. howdeni (Ferreira & Galileo) (Pedaridium); O. ohausi (Arrow) (Trichillum); Pereiraidium almeidai (Pereira) (Pedaridium); Trichillidium brevisetosum (Howden & Young) (Pedaridium); T. caingua (Martinez) (Pedaridium); T. pilosum (Robinson) (Trichillum); Trichillidium quadridens (Arrow) (Pedaridium). Distribution maps are presented for the newly described species, for Nunoidium argentinum, for Pereiraidium almeidai, and for every species of Genieridium.
TL;DR: The results in this study indicate that E. canis is the only recognized Ehrlichia species infecting dogs in Brazil.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured soil CO2 efflux, litter production, and surface litter pool biomass over a 1 year period in a tropical transitional forest near Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil with the aim of quantifying the seasonal variation in soil respiration and litter decomposition.
Abstract: [1] Measurements of soil CO2 efflux, litter production, and the surface litter pool biomass were made over a 1 year period in a tropical transitional forest near Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil with the aim of quantifying the seasonal variation in soil respiration and litter decomposition and the annual contribution of litter decomposition to soil CO2 efflux. Average annual soil CO2 efflux (±95% confidence interval (CI)) was 7.91 ± 1.16 g C m−2 d−1. Soil CO2 efflux was highest during the November–February wet season (9.15 ± 0.90 g C m−2 d−1) and lowest during the May–September dry season (6.19 ± 1.40 g C m−2 d−1), and over 60% of the variation in seasonal soil CO2 efflux was explained by seasonal variations in soil temperature and moisture. Mass balance estimates of mean (±95% CI) decomposition rates were statistically different between the wet and dry seasons (0.66 ± 0.08 and 1.65 ± 0.10 g C m−2 d−1, respectively), and overall, decomposition of leaf litter comprised 16% of the average annual soil respiration. Leaf litter production was higher during the dry season, and mean (±95% CI) leaf litter fall (5.6 ± 1.7 Mg ha−1) comprised 73% of the total litter fall (7.8 ± 2.3 Mg ha−1). Average (±95% CI) annual litter pool biomass was estimated to be 5.5 ± 0.3 Mg ha−1, which was similar to the measured pool size (5.7 ± 2.2 Mg ha−1). Overall, seasonal variations in environmental variables, specifically water availability (soil moisture and rainfall), had a profound influence on litter production, soil respiration, and surface litter decomposition.
31 Oct 2008-Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes
TL;DR: Sediment samples from 25 sites in 17 rivers of the Pantanal (Brazil) were analyzed with the objective of evaluating pesticide contamination in sediments to monitor 23 pesticides of different chemical classes with some of their degradation products.
Abstract: Sediment samples from 25 sites in 17 rivers of the Pantanal (Brazil) were analyzed with the objective of evaluating pesticide contamination in sediments. Samples were extracted with an acetone, ethylacetate, and water mixture 2:2:1 (v/v/v). The extract was purified by flash chromatography with aluminum oxide and florisil. A multiresidue gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was applied to monitor 23 pesticides of different chemical classes (organochlorine, organophosphorus, triazines, anilides and pyrethroids) with some of their degradation products. Compounds identified in sediment samples included λ -cyhalothrin (1.0 to 5.0 μ g kg− 1), p,p′-DDT (3.6 μ g kg− 1), deltamethrin (20.0 μ g kg− 1) and permethrin (1.0 to 7.0 μ g kg− 1).
TL;DR: It is indicated that SLE leucocytes repair less efficiently the radiation-induced DNA damage, and DNA repair polymorphic sites may predispose to the development of particular clinical and laboratory features.
Abstract: Impaired DNA repair efficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients has been reported in some studies, mainly regarding the repair of oxidative damage, but little is known about repair kinetics towards primarily single-stranded DNA breaks. In the present study, we aimed to investigate: (a) the efficiency of SLE peripheral blood leucocytes in repairing DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation and (b) the association of DNA repair gene (XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XRCC3 Thr241Met and XRCC4 Ile401Thr) polymorphisms in SLE patients, considering the whole group, or stratified sub-groups according to clinical and laboratory features. A total of 163 SLE patients and 125 healthy controls were studied. The kinetics of DNA strand break repair was evaluated by the comet assay, and genotyping for DNA repair genes was performed by PCR-RFLP. Compared with controls, SLE leucocytes exhibited decreased efficiency of DNA repair evaluated at 30 min following irradiation. A significant association with DNA repair gene polymor...
TL;DR: In this article, an exploración cualitativa, de orientacion dialectica, realizada with siete enfermeros, cuatro familiares and un paciente in una UCI de Adultos de un Hospital Universitario del Estado de Santa Catarina.
Abstract: Este estudio pretende develar contradicciones en el cuidado humanizado del enfermero en la UCI. Se trata de una investigacion cualitativa, de orientacion dialectica, realizada con siete enfermeros, cuatro familiares y un paciente en una UCI de Adultos de un Hospital Universitario del Estado de Santa Catarina. Utilizamos la observacion participativa y la entrevista semi-estructurada. El referencial teorico-filosofico se baso en la ideas marxistas y gramscianas de contradiccion. Se verifico que el cuidado humanizado esta insertado en una complejo enmaranado, en donde el saber cuidar parece dar rienda suelta al estrechamiento de los vinculos y el hacer cuidar sigue una estrategia impersonal dentro de la logica de la produccion de salud parcelar y rutinizada. La disociacion entre el saber y el hacer tambien contempla las dificultades en lidiar con los encargos de sufrimiento y las limitaciones profesionales-institucionales. Concluimos que el conocimiento de esa realidad sea un nuevo viejo desafio para el enfermero, en busqueda de la constante construccion/recons-truccion de la enfermeria en terminos de practicas, saberes y relaciones.
TL;DR: It is found that long‐term exposure to malaria in the Amazon area elicits DBP‐specific antibodies that inhibit the binding of different DBPII variants to erythrocytes.
Abstract: The function of the Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein (DBP) during the erythrocyte invasion process is critical for successful parasite growth and pathogenesis in human infections. Although DBP is the subject of intensive malaria vaccine research, investigations on the functional proprieties of anti-DBP antibodies in the human population have been limited [Infect Immun68 (2000) 3164]. In the present study, we examined the ability of sera from different populations of the Brazilian Amazon--an area of markedly unstable malaria transmission--to inhibit the erythrocyte-binding function of the DBP ligand domain (region II, DBP(II)). We found that long-term exposure to malaria in the Amazon area elicits DBP-specific antibodies that inhibit the binding of different DBP(II) variants to erythrocytes. Despite the great variability of inhibitory antibody responses observed among study participants, we observed a positive correlation between erythrocyte binding-inhibitory activity and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay anti-DBP antibodies. Of importance, there was a non-significant tendency towards increased levels of anti-DBP antibodies among individuals with asymptomatic P. vivax infections.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of 220 patients with doenca inflamatoria intestinal (DII) living in Mato Grosso, Brazil, revealed that 77 (35%) pacientes necessitaram de tratamento cirurgico.
Abstract: Estudos epidemiologicos recentes sugerem que a incidencia da doenca de Crohn (DC) e da retocolite ulcerativa (RCUI) esta aumentando no Brasil, apesar de desconhecermos sua taxa real. OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil epidemiologico dos pacientes com doenca inflamatoria intestinal (DII) que residem no estado de Mato Grosso. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 220 pacientes com doenca inflamatoria intestinal, 125 eram do sexo feminino e 95 do sexo masculino. Do total de casos, 117 tinham RCUI, 86 doenca de Crohn e 17 colite indeterminada. A doenca foi mais frequente em casados (66,0%), em pacientes de cor parda (48,0%) e em nao fumantes (61,8%). A media da idade foi de 39 anos, variando de 6 a 80 anos. Em algum momento da evolucao da doenca, 77 (35%) pacientes necessitaram de tratamento cirurgico. A media de anos dos pacientes estudados foi de 9,17 anos, variando de 0 a 20 anos estudados. CONCLUSAO: Apesar da pouca literatura sobre a doenca, os dados deste estudo revelam que os portadores de DII, no estado de Mato Grosso, apresentam caracteristicas epidemiologicas semelhantes aos portadores de outros estados do Brasil.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that humanized care is part of a complex network, in which care knowledge seems to give way to closer network ties, while care practice follows an impersonalized strategy within the logic of partitioned and routine health care production.
Abstract: This study attempts to unveil contradictions in humanized nursing care in ICUs. It is a qualitative, dialecticbased study involving 7 nurses, 4 family members and one patient of the Adult ICU of the Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina. Participatory observation and semi-structured interviews were applied to collect the data. Marxist and Gramscian ideas of contradiction were used as the theoretical-philosophical reference. This study demonstrates that humanized care is part of a complex network, in which care knowledge seems to give way to closer network ties, while care practice follows an impersonalized strategy within the logic of partitioned and routine health care production. The dissociation between knowledge and practice also contemplates the difficulties in dealing with the burdens of suffering and institutional-professional limitations. The conclusion is that knowledge of this reality should be a renewed, yet age-old challenge for the nurse in the search for the constant construction/reconstruction of Nursing in terms of practice, knowledge and work relations.
TL;DR: In this paper, a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess attitudes to breastfeeding among children in primary education and to evaluate the influence of educational lectures on their knowledge, and the results indicate that lectures on health education, presented at schools, have a beneficial effect on breastfeeding knowledge, awareness and attitudes.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess attitudes to breastfeeding among children in primary education and to evaluate the influence of educational lectures on their knowledge METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 503 students of both sexes from the fourth to the eighth grades of five different schools The children were divided into two groups: control (n = 215) and intervention (n = 288) in order to evaluate the influence of educational lectures A questionnaire containing 30 questions about different features of breastfeeding was used for data collection The intervention took the form of a 30-minute lecture, given at the schools RESULTS: The lecture increased the number of schoolchildren who answered that breastmilk is most beneficial for infants (p < 005) and that breastfeeding is the most practical way of feeding babies (p < 005) There was a reduction in the number who would give supplementary feeding during the first month of life (p < 005) and also in how many would give a baby a pacifier (p < 005) After the intervention less than half of the girls would chose to breastfeed for 1 year or more (391% in the control group vs 432% in the intervention group); while the opposite was true of the males (547% in the control group vs 517% in the intervention group) More of the boys (371%) were able to cite specific advantages for mothers from breastfeeding when compared to the females (199%) CONCLUSION: The results indicate that lectures on health education, presented at schools, have a beneficial effect on breastfeeding knowledge, awareness and attitudes
30 Sep 2008
TL;DR: The Focal Life Story allowed us to build the Therapeutics Itineraries tackled by the users when looking for resolutivity for their health necessities, and demonstrated a huge potencial as a privileged methodological strategy for the health services evalutive practices trough the view from who live the getting illness and the care search, that is, the health system user and his family.
Abstract: The objective of this report is to show up our experience in using Focal Life Story strategy as a methodological attacking for researchs that tyed to apprehend the getting illness experience impact and the care search by the Brazilian Health Unique System users, showing its nursing and health research potentialities and at health services evalutive practices. The narratives richness came up the users subjectivity, as well as their interpretations and the meanings during this process, helping us at the deep comprehention of this experience, that others methodos probably would not offer us. The Focal Life Story allowed us to build the Therapeutics Itineraries tackled by the users when looking for resolutivity for their health necessities, and demonstrated a huge potencial as a privileged methodological strategy for the health services evalutive practices trough the view from who live the getting illness and the care search, that is, the health system user and his family.
TL;DR: Although more study is required to determine the optimal timing to initiate a combined enteral–parenteral approach, enteral nutrition should be initiated early and parenteral nutrition added if caloric–protein targets cannot be achieved after a few days.
Abstract: Purpose of reviewEarly nutrition is defined as the initiation of nutritional therapy within 48 h of either hospital admission or surgery. However, optimal timing for initiation of nutritional therapy through either enteral or parenteral routes remains poorly defined with the existing data. We review
TL;DR: In this paper, the evolution of perturbations of density in a flat cosmological model with a modified Chaplygin gas acting as a single component is studied, which can be used to distinguish it from another cosmology models which have the same solutions for the general evolution of the scale factor of the universe.
Abstract: One approach in modern cosmology consists in supposing that dark matter and dark energy are different manifestations of a single “quartessential” fluid. Following such idea, this work presents a study of the evolution of perturbations of density in a flat cosmological model with a modified Chaplygin gas acting as a single component. Our goal is to obtain properties of the model which can be used to distinguish it from another cosmological models which have the same solutions for the general evolution of the scale factor of the universe, without the construction of the power spectrum. Our analytical results, which alone can be used to uniquely characterize the specific model studied in our work, show that the evolution of the density contrast can be seen, at least in one particular case, as composed by a spheroidal wave function. We also present a numerical analysis which clearly indicates as one interesting feature of the model the appearance of peaks in the evolution of the density contrast.
TL;DR: Pythium insidiosum is an aquatic organism classified in the kingdom Stramenopila, class Oomycetes and is the aetiological agent of pythiosis in mammals.
Abstract: Pythium insidiosum is an aquatic organism classified in the kingdom Stramenopila, class Oomycetes ([De Cock and others 1987][1]) It is the aetiological agent of pythiosis in mammals; the occurrence of this disease is associated with contact between traumatic lesions in animals or human beings and