University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

About: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences is a education organization based out in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 14077 authors who have published 26012 publications receiving 973592 citations. The organization is also known as: UAMS.

AMD3100 plus G-CSF can successfully mobilize CD34+ cells from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and multiple myeloma patients previously failing mobilization with chemotherapy and/or cytokine treatment: compassionate use data.

Abstract: AMD3100 given with G-CSF has been shown to mobilize CD34+ cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), multiple myeloma (MM), and Hodgkin's disease (HD) patients who could not collect sufficient cells for autologous transplant following other mobilization regimens. These poor mobilizers are usually excluded from company-sponsored trials, but have been included in an AMD3100 Single Patient Use protocol, referred to as a Compassionate Use Protocol (CUP). A cohort of 115 data-audited poor mobilizers in CUP was assessed, with the objective being to collect ⩾2 × 106 CD34+ cells per kg following AMD3100 plus G-CSF mobilization. The rates of successful CD34+ cell collection were similar for patients who previously failed chemotherapy mobilization or cytokine-only mobilization: NHL—60.3%, MM—71.4% and HD—76.5%. Following transplant, median times to neutrophil and PLT engraftment were 11 days and 18 days, respectively. Engraftment was durable. There were no drug-related serious adverse events. Of the adverse events considered related to AMD3100, two (1.6%) were severe (one patient—headache, one patient—nightmares). Other AMD3100-related adverse events were mild (84.8%) or moderate (13.6%). The most common AMD3100-related adverse events were gastrointestinal reactions, injection site reactions and paresthesias. AMD3100 plus G-CSF offers a new treatment to collect CD34+ cells for autologous transplant from poor mobilizers, with a high success rate.

Procyanidin and catechin contents and antioxidant capacity of cocoa and chocolate products.

Abstract: Cocoa and chocolate products from major brands were analyzed blind for total antioxidant capacity (AOC) (lipophilic and hydrophilic ORACFL), catechins, and procyanidins (monomer through polymers). Accuracy of analyses was ascertained by comparing analyses on a NIST standard reference chocolate with NIST certified values. Procyanidin (PC) content was related to the nonfat cocoa solid (NFCS) content. The natural cocoa powders (average 87% of NFCS) contained the highest levels of AOC (826 ± 103 μmol of TE/g) and PCs (40.8 ± 8.3 mg/g). Alkalized cocoa (Dutched powders, average 80% NFCS) contained lower AOC (402 ± 6 μmol of TE /g) and PCs (8.9 ± 2.7 mg/g). Unsweetened chocolates or chocolate liquor (50% NFCS) contained 496 ± 40 μmol of TE /g of AOC and 22.3 ± 2.9 mg/g of PCs. Milk chocolates, which contain the least amount of NFCS (7.1%), had the lowest concentrations of AOC (80 ± 10 μmol of TE /g) and PCs (2.7 ± 0.5 mg/g). One serving of cocoa (5 g) or chocolate (15 or 40 g, depending upon the type of chocola...

Attention Deficit Disorder and Specific Reading Disability: Separate but Often Overlapping Disorders

Abstract: Within a large (N = 182) heterogeneous sample of clinic-referred children with DSM-III-diagnosed attention deficit disorder (ADD), three behavioral subgroups were identified via cluster analysis of teacher ratings: 40% of the children had ADD with hyperactivity (ADDH), 30% had ADD with hyperactivity and aggressivity (ADDHA), and 31% had ADD without hyperactivity or aggressivity. Proportionally more girls were in the ADD-only subgroup. Over half the sample (n = 94) were poor readers, with 82 meeting discrepancy criteria for specific reading disability (RD). Proportionately more boys than girls met the RD criteria (9.2:1.0), whereas the sex ratio of males to females for the whole sample was 5.1 to 1.0. Focusing just on white males, the three behavioral subgroups were significantly different on convergent validity measures, such as other teacher ratings, parent ratings, and interview-elicited ratings of externalizing behavior, but were not different on such divergent validity measures as IQ and achievement scores, self-ratings, and laboratory performance tasks. Boys in the ADD sample who did not meet criteria for RD had significantly higher IQs than those who did, but subgroups with and without RD still differed significantly on WRAT-R reading and spelling scores with IQ covaried out. Both groups with and without RD could be differentiated from a control group on laboratory measures of sustained attention and impulse control. Methylphenidate benefited all subgroups equally, whether RD or not, and whether given a low (0.3 mg/kg) or high (0.6 mg/kg) dose.