Showing papers by "University of Georgia published in 1978"
TL;DR: The 1956 adaptation for children of Taylor's Manifest anxiety Scale, the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, was revised to meet current psychometric standards and may aid in future studies of anxiety as well as assisting the clinician in the understanding of individual children.
Abstract: The 1956 adaptation for children of Taylor's Manifest Anxiety Scale, the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, was revised to meet current psychometric standards. A 73-item revision draft was administered to 329 school children from grades 1 to 12. Based on item-analysis criteria for r
bis ≥ .4 and .30 ≤ p ≤ .70, 28 anxiety items were retained along with 9 of the original 11 Lie scale items. A cross-validation sample of 167 children from grades 2, 5, 9, 10, and 11 produced a KR20 reliability estimate of .85. Anxiety scores did not differ across grade or race. Females scored significantly higher than males. For the Lie scale, significant differences appeared by grade and race. No sex differences were obtained on the Lie scale. The resulting scale appears useful for children in grades 1 to 12 and may aid in future studies of anxiety as well as assisting the clinician in the understanding of individual children.
2,072 citations
TL;DR: Asymptotics are obtained for the number of n × n symmetric non-negative integer matrices subject to the following constraints: each row sum is specified and bounded, and a specified “sparse” set of entries must be zero.
1,039 citations
TL;DR: The authors discusses self-generated attitude change, where the thought about some nonneutral attitude object in the absence of any new external information or change in overt behavior often results in attitude polarization.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses self-generated attitude change. The thought about some nonneutral attitude object in the absence of any new external information or change in overt behavior often results in attitude polarization. Attitude polarization seems to be predicated on cognitive changes such as the addition of consistent cognitions and the reinterpretation of existing inconsistent cognitions. Such changes in cognitions and affect are expected to occur only to the extent that persons have a developed cognitive schema for thinking about the object. One's attitude is a function of those salient cognitions and inferences. The data suggest that persons can tune in more than one schema for thinking about a particular object. Thus, persons have the potential for more than one attitude toward the same object. Some implications for the relationship between attitudes and behavior and for psychotherapy were touched upon. The relationship between this research and group polarization research and mere exposure research are briefly explored. It points out a number of aspects of the present approach that are in need of further elaboration.
636 citations
TL;DR: XLFRAC as mentioned in this paper is a simple program which solves linear least squares mass-balance equations, makes subtraction diagram calculations and can trace the composition of derivative magmas as phases are added or subtracted from an initial magma.
431 citations
TL;DR: Differences among the three ethnic groups were found which, in some cases, constituted a case of "double jeopardy" for minority aged, and on variables measuring life satisfaction or frequency of contact with relatives, the extent of ethnic variation declined across age strata, indicating some support for the "age as leveler" hypothesis.
Abstract: The plight of minority aged has been characterized by many as one of double jeopardy: in addition to the disadvantages imposed by their minority group status, the minority aged are said also to experience the devaluation in status associated with old age in our society. Other research has indicated, however, that the gaps between minority and majority individuals tend to decline with age, such that the status disparity between white and minority aged actually may have decreased from middle to old age. To test these competing hypotheses, a series of health, income, life satisfaction, and social participation variables (interaction with family, kin, neighbors, and friends) was examined with data from a large (N = 1269) sample of middle-aged and older blacks, Mexican Americans and whites in Los Angeles County. Differences among the three ethnic groups were found which, in some cases, constituted a case of "double jeopardy" for minority aged. On variables measuring life satisfaction or frequency of contact with relatives, however, the extent of ethnic variation declined across age strata, indicating some support for the "age as leveler" hypothesis.
383 citations
TL;DR: The gross morphology of Ophiomorpha overlaps with that of such ichnogenera as Ardelia, Gyrolithes, Teichichnus, and Thalassinoides, yet these burrow forms should be retained as separate taxa.
382 citations
TL;DR: An activator protein of NAD kinase from the pea, Pisum satavum L., has been shown to be Ca2+-dependent and stimulates the activity of modulator protein dependent-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from porcine brain.
242 citations
TL;DR: The results of the labeling experiments showed that propionate is formed from succinate via succinyl-, methylmalonyl-, and propionyl-coenzyme A, and it also is clear that CO(2) is necessary for growth because it is needed for the formation of C4 acids.
Abstract: Cell suspensions of Bacteroides fragilis were allowed to ferment glucose and lactate labeled with 14C in different positions. The fermentation products, propionate and acetate, were isolated, and the distribution of radioactivity was determined. An analysis of key enzymes of possible pathways was also made. The results of the labeling experiments showed that: (i) B. fragilis ferments glucose via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway; and (ii) there was a randomization of carbons 1, 2, and 6 of glucose during conversion to propionate, which is in accordance with propionate formation via fumarate and succinate. The enzymes 6-phosphofrucktokinase (pyrophosphate-dependent), fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarate reductase, and methylmalonyl-coenzyme A mutase could be demonstrated in cell extracts. Their presence supported the labeling results and suggested that propionate is formed from succinate via succinyl-, methylmalonyl-, and propionyl-coenzyme A. From the results it also is clear that CO2 is necessary for growth because it is needed for the formation of C4 acids. There was also a randomization of carbons 1, 2, and 6 of glucose during conversion to acetate, which indicated that pyruvate kinase played a minor role in pyruvate formation from phosphoenolpyruvate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, oxaloacetate decarboxylase, and malic enzyme (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent) were present in cell extracts of B. fragilis, and the results of the labeling experiments agreed with pyruvate synthesis via oxaloacetate and malate if these acids are in equilibrium with fumarate. The conversion of [2-14C]- and [3-14C]lactate to acetate was not associated with a randomization of radioactivity.
231 citations
TL;DR: Kerker et al. as discussed by the authors determined the variation of surface tension with pressure for water in equilibrium with compressed methane, ethylene, ethane, normal butane, isobutane and carbon dioxide at temperatures between 0 and 50°C using the capillary rise method.
136 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, low-field anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) has been determined for a total of 248 basaltic specimens taken from cross sections between the cooling interfaces of 6 subaerial lavas, 6 deep-sea lavas and 6 intrusives (5 dikes and 1 sill).
133 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the relationships between organizational loyalty, professional commitment, and research productivity of 84 professors at a large Midwestern university and found that loyalty, commitment and productivity correlated with research productivity.
Abstract: This study examined the relationships between organizational loyalty, professional commitment, and research productivity of 84 professors at a large Midwestern university. Likert scales and counts ...
TL;DR: Ten nonfluorescent Pseudomonas strains isolated from water-soaked lesions on cotyledons of plants of five Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) plant introductions were characterized and compared phenotypically with 22 other pseudomonads.
Abstract: Ten nonfluorescent Pseudomonas strains isolated from water-soaked lesions on cotyledons of plants of five Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) plant introductions were characterized and compared phenotypically with 22 other pseudomonads. The strains were distinguished phenotypically from other known plant pathogenic pseudomonads. The watermelon bacterium was aerobic. Cells were rod-shaped, gram negative, and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. They were nonfluorescent and grew at 41°C but not at 4°C. Oxidase production and the 2-ketogluconate reaction were positive. The 10 strains utilized β-alanine, L-leucine, D-serine, n-propanal, ethanol, ethanolamine, citrate, and fructose for growth. No growth occurred with sucrose or glucose. Their deoxyribonucleic acid base composition was 66 ± 1 mol% guanine plus cytosine. The bacterium is phenotypically similar to P. pseudoalcaligenes but differs from it in being pathogenic to watermelon, Cucumis melo (cantaloupe), Cucumis satiwus (cucumber), and Cucurbita pepo (squash). The name P. pseudoalcaligenes subsp. citrulli is proposed for the new subspecies, of which strain C-42 (= ATCC 29625) is the type strain.
TL;DR: A seasonal study of methane release from marsh soils to the atmosphere indicates that ebullition is a significant process varying both seasonally and spatially as discussed by the authors, and release rates are higher during summer months than winter months.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors surveyed four major behavior modification journals from their inception through 1974 for their use of inferential statistical tests in empirical research studies and found that Parametric analysis-of-variance and various nonparametric tests were generally the most commonly employed statistics within the journals sampled.
Abstract: Issues surrounding the application of inferential statistical tests to behavior modification research was presented. Four major behavior modification journals were surveyed from their inception through 1974 for their use of inferential statistical tests in empirical research studies. Results indicated that Behaviour Research and Therapy and Behavior Therapy contained the highest percentage of articles using inferential statistical procedures. Over all journals, nearly all studies employing group designs used inferential statistical tests. Parametric analysis-of-variance and various nonparametric tests were generally the most commonly employed statistics within the journals sampled. Implications of the review suggest that the methodological base of behavior modification research is becoming more diverse as reflected in increased use of group designs where inferential tests are commonly employed. While all journals contained some N=1 experiments which relied on some form of inferential statistics, both vali...
TL;DR: The present communication suggests the presence of one pathway for this reduction in the microsomal system that does not seem to have been reported previously, and the importance of Cr(VI) metabolism does not diminish by the fact that Cr(III) compounds, at sufficiently high concentrations, have been found to be mutagenic in the Salmonella system.
Abstract: [3-5]. The present communication suggests the presence of one pathway for this reduction in the microsomal system that does not seem to have been reported previously. The more exact nature and magnitude of this process in various tissues need to be studied further. The carcinogenicity of Cr(VI) compounds-particularly less water-soluble ones-has been documented [6]. Cr(VI) has also been reported to be mutagenic in bacterial systems [7, 8]. The biological effect of Cr(VI) thus certainly depends on where it is reducedwhether in extracellular spaces or in the cytoplasm or the nucleus of various organ cells. The importance of Cr(VI) metabolism does not diminish by the fact that Cr(III) compounds, at sufficiently high concentrations, have been found to be mutagenic in the Salmonella system (unpublished data). This work has been supported by ERDA grant E(04-3)-34-PA156 and carried out in the laboratory of Dr. B.N. Ames, University of California, Berkeley, whom I would like to thank for his support and advice.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of parental instruction-giving on child compliance were investigated, and the results showed that command training resulted in increased child compliance and that parents in the command plus time-out group obtained even greater improvement in child compliance.
TL;DR: It is suggested that a single arginine residue per subunit of enolase is necessary for enzymatic activity and is located at or near the substrate binding site (active site).
TL;DR: From a 5-to 10-minute newborn examination, behaviors of males at age 3 could be predicted, and the number of minor physical anomalies assessed soon after birth was significantly related to a cluster of behaviors that are frequently labeled hyperactivity.
Abstract: From a 5-to 10-minute newborn examination, behaviors of males at age 3 could be predicted. The number of minor physical anomalies, assessed soon after birth, was significantly related to a cluster of behaviors that are frequently labeled hyperactivity.
TL;DR: In this article, 10 chitosan products were manufactured from dry shrimp hulls under differing process conditions and compared to a commercially available product. Manufacturing variables tested were: alkali versus enzymatic deproteination, acid demineralization versus no treatment, air versus nitrogen atmosphere, 5 min vs. 15 min deacetylation period, and varying the particle size of the dry starting material.
Abstract: Ten chitosan products were manufactured from dry shrimp hulls under differing process conditions and compared to a commercially available product. Manufacturing variables tested were: alkali versus enzymatic deproteination; acid demineralization versus no treatment; air versus nitrogen atmosphere; 5 min vs. 15 min deacetylation period: and varying the particle size of the dry starting material. Deproteination by alkali of enzymatic extraction did not substantially affect the nitrogen and ash compositions of dry chitosan samples. However, the viscosity was reduced in samples deproteinated by enzymatic hydrolysis. Elimination of the demineralization step resulted in products having 31–36% ash, as expected. Some differences in viscosity were observed between deminiralized and undemineralized samples, but on important differences in the molecular-weight distribution of these samples were evident. Purging the reaction vessel with nitrogen resulted in chitosan preparations having higher viscosities and molecular-weight distributions than those prepared in an air atmosphere. The degradative effect of air became more proshrimp hulls to 1 mm prior to any treatment resulted in a chitosan product of both higher viscosity and molecular weight than when ground to either 2 or 6.4 mm. Viscosity was not always a direct indicator of molecular weight, for although the presence of colloidal particles increased the viscosity of some samples, the molecular-weight distribution after filtration was essentially the same as in other less viscous samples.
TL;DR: In this article, the intramicellar solubility of compressed He, O 2, Ar, CH 4, and C 2 H 6 in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) using a simple manometric technique was determined.
TL;DR: In this paper, a carbon paste electrode containing chemically modified graphite has been fabricated and applied to the analysis of silver ion in aqueous media and it is shown that one can preconcentrate and then analyze for metal ions at low concentrations using these electrodes.
Abstract: A carbon paste electrode containing chemically modified graphite has been fabricated and applied to the analysis of silver ion in aqueous media Utilizing complexation and subsequent precipitation steps, it is shown that one can preconcentrate and then analyze for metal ions at low concentrations using these electrodes
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assume that below the permafrost containing water ice, there was a second zone in which liquid water resided for at least a time, and that the ice-laden zone was stripped away by a number of erosional processes, exposing the former ice-liquid water interface.
TL;DR: Use of liposomes containing appropriate drugs is proposed as a markedly superior means to treat certain chronic intracellular parasitic infections.
TL;DR: In this paper, metabolic and circulatory responses to walking and jogging in water with similar exercise performed in air, oxygen uptake, ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, and heart rate were measured in six male subjects during 6-minute bouts of walking or jogging through waist-deep water (30 to 31°C) at five different speeds.
Abstract: To compare the metabolic and circulatory responses to walking and jogging in water with similar exercise performed in air, oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2), ventilation ([Vdot]E), respiratory exchange ratio (R), and heart rate (HR) were measured in six male subjects during 6-minute bouts of walking or jogging through waist-deep water (30 to 31°C) at five different speeds (.7–1 m/second). Work bouts of similar metabolic intensity were also carried out in air (27 to 29°C) on the treadmill. Approximately one-half to one-third the speed was required to work at the same level of energy expenditure during walking and jogging in water as compared with the exercise in air (2.6 to 3.5 vs. 5.5 to 13.4 km/ hour). During the water exercise, [Vdot]O2, HR, and R increased nearly linearly with increased speed, whereas the increase in [Vdot]E was somewhat curvilinear. These responses were similar to those during exercise in air. HRs at any given level of [Vdot]O2 were not significantly different (p < .05) for the exerci...
TL;DR: This formula, which is a modification of a formula proposed by Clement (1976), appears to reduce distortions due to "chance" agreement encountered with very high or low observed rates of behavior while maintaining the mathematical and conceptual simplicity of the conventional method for calculating occurrence and nonoccurrence agreement.
Abstract: Various statistics have been proposed as standard methods for calculating and reporting interobserver agreement scores. The advantages and disadvantages of each have been discussed in this journal recently but without resolution. A formula is presented that combines separate measures of occurrence and nonoccurrence percentages of agreement, with weight assigned to each measure, varying according to the observed rate of behavior. This formula, which is a modification of a formula proposed by Clement (1976), appears to reduce distortions due to “chance” agreement encountered with very high or low observed rates of behavior while maintaining the mathematical and conceptual simplicity of the conventional method for calculating occurrence and nonoccurrence agreement.
TL;DR: It is argued that the gene-frequency response observed at ADH is most probably caused by selection at the Adh locus, and can also be be accounted for in terms of the effect of ethanol on energy metabolism, although other explanations cannot be excluded.
Abstract: Four replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster, two reared on medium supplemented with ethanol and two reared on standard medium, were electrophoretically monitored for 28 generations. During the first 12 generations, allelic, genotypic and gametic frequencies were determined for eight polymorphic enzymes: GOT, alpha-GPDH, MDH, ADH, TO, E6, Ec and ODH. Samples from generation 18 and 28 were electrophoretically typed for ADH and alpha-GPDH. In addition, samples from generation 27 were analyzed for the presence of inversion heterozygotes. The experimental results showed rapid gene-frequency divergence between control and treatment populations at the Adh locus in a direction consistent with the activity hierarchy of Adh genotypes. Gene-frequency divergence between control and treatment populations also occurred at the alpha-Gpdh locus, although the agreement among replicates appeared to have broken down by generation 28. No differential gene-frequency change occurred at any of the six remaining marker loci. Furthermore, values of linkage disequilibria among all linked pairs of genes were initially small and remained small throughout the course of the experiment. Taking these facts into account, it is argued that the gene-frequency response observed at ADH is most probably caused by selection at the Adh locus. The gene frequency response at alpha-Gpdh can also be be accounted for in terms of the effect of ethanol on energy metabolism, although other explanations cannot be excluded.
TL;DR: Sperm from hamster, human, rooster, rabbit and sea urchin were found to contain relatively high levels of calcium-dependent modulator protein, which is similar to porcine and brain modulator proteins in its ability to activate brain cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, its heat stability and electrophoretic migration.
TL;DR: Examination of 53 black bears from six states in the southeastern United States revealed at least 17 species of endoparasites, including Sarcocystis sp.
Abstract: Examination of 53 black bears (Ursus americanus) from six states in the southeastern United States revealed at least 17 species of endoparasites, including Sarcocystis sp., Spirometra mansonoides (spargana), Macracanthorhynchus ingens, Ancylostoma caninum, Arthrocephalus lotoris, Baylisascaris transfuga, Capillaria aerophila, Capillaria putorii, Crenosoma sp., Cyathospirura sp., Dirofilaria immitis, Gnathostoma sp., Gongylonema pulchrum, microfilariae, Molineus barbatus, Physaloptera sp. and Strongyloides sp. Twelve of these represent new host records for black bear, and two are considered to be new species. Data are presented on prevalence, intensity and geographic distribution of each species. Pathologic effects were associated with infections of spargana of S. mansonoides and adults of C. aerophilia.
TL;DR: A simple and efficient procedure has been devised for the isolation of α-2-macroglobulin from human plasma (type 1-1 haptoglobulin) using Cibacron Blue Sepharose chromatography and gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 22.
TL;DR: With inter‐species cross‐reaction studies and protein modification techniques, it is shown that the interaction between luciferase and GFP is highly specific, making the Renilla system an attractive alternative to the photosynthetic systems as a tool for studying radiationless energy transfer.
Abstract: Abstract—Radiationless energy transfer is known to play biologically important roles in both photosynthesis and bioluminescence. In photosynthesis, accessory pigments serve as “antennae”, transferring excitation energy into the “reaction centers”. In the bioluminescent coelenterates, energy is transferred from the site of reaction via an accessory protein known as the green‐fluorescent protein (GFP). Coelenterate bioluminescence systems such as that of the sea pansy, Renilla, are well characterized biochemically, and their energy transfer process can be duplicated in vitro using isolated and purified components. We have measured efficient in vitro energy transfer from the electronic excited state of the enzyme‐bound oxyluciferin to the green‐fluorescent protein at protein concentrations of 0.1 μM. We have also demonstrated a 1:l complex between these proteins, under conditions of energy transfer, by the chromato‐graphic technique of Hummel and Dreyer. These observations indicate that bioluminescent energy transfer is mediated via protein‐protein interaction. Furthermore, with inter‐species cross‐reaction studies and protein modification techniques we have shown that the interaction between luciferase and GFP is highly specific. These features make the Renilla system an attractive alternative to the photosynthetic systems as a tool for studying radiationless energy transfer.