University of Guadalajara

About: University of Guadalajara is a education organization based out in Guadalajara, Mexico. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 13040 authors who have published 17399 publications receiving 168085 citations. The organization is also known as: UdeG & UdG.

Determinants of Commercial Bank Profitability in Mexico

Abstract: El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar los principales determinantes de la rentabilidad de la banca comercial establecida en Mexico. Se ha utilizado una base de datos de 45 bancos que representan practicamente todo el universo de la banca comercial en el periodo 2007-2013. Se estimaron modelos dinamicos mediante estimadores Arellano-Bover/Blundell-Bond con un error que sigue un proceso MA(1), asi como modelos estaticos con efectos aleatorios y estimadores Hausman-Taylor. Los resultados sugieren que la rentabilidad de la banca comercial esta sustentada por el nivel de capital, el cobro de comisiones y tarifas, y el control en los gastos de operacion, asi como por ciertas barreras a la entrada al mercado e impedimentos a la competencia que provocan una persistencia relativamente alta en la rentabilidad.

Human amygdala activation during rapid eye movements of rapid eye movement sleep: an intracranial study.

Abstract: The amygdaloid complex plays a crucial role in processing emotional signals and in the formation of emotional memories. Neuroimaging studies have shown human amygdala activation during rapid eye movement sleep (REM). Stereotactically implanted electrodes for presurgical evaluation in epileptic patients provide a unique opportunity to directly record amygdala activity. The present study analysed amygdala activity associated with REM sleep eye movements on the millisecond scale. We propose that phasic activation associated with rapid eye movements may provide the amygdala with endogenous excitation during REM sleep. Standard polysomnography and stereo-electroencephalograph (SEEG) were recorded simultaneously during spontaneous sleep in the left amygdala of four patients. Time-frequency analysis and absolute power of gamma activity were obtained for 250 ms time windows preceding and following eye movement onset in REM sleep, and in spontaneous waking eye movements in the dark. Absolute power of the 44-48 Hz band increased significantly during the 250 ms time window after REM sleep rapid eye movements onset, but not during waking eye movements. Transient activation of the amygdala provides physiological support for the proposed participation of the amygdala in emotional expression, in the emotional content of dreams and for the reactivation and consolidation of emotional memories during REM sleep, as well as for next-day emotional regulation, and its possible role in the bidirectional interaction between REM sleep and such sleep disorders as nightmares, anxiety and post-traumatic sleep disorder. These results provide unique, direct evidence of increased activation of the human amygdala time-locked to REM sleep rapid eye movements.

Daily monitoring of TeV gamma-ray emission from Mrk 421, Mrk 501, and the Crab Nebula with HAWC

Abstract: We present results from daily monitoring of gamma rays in the energy range $\sim0.5$ to $\sim100$ TeV with the first 17 months of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. Its wide field of view of 2 steradians and duty cycle of $>95$% are unique features compared to other TeV observatories that allow us to observe every source that transits over HAWC for up to $\sim6$ hours each sidereal day. This regular sampling yields unprecedented light curves from unbiased measurements that are independent of seasons or weather conditions. For the Crab Nebula as a reference source we find no variability in the TeV band. Our main focus is the study of the TeV blazars Markarian (Mrk) 421 and Mrk 501. A spectral fit for Mrk 421 yields a power law index $\Gamma=2.21 \pm0.14_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm0.20_{\mathrm{sys}}$ and an exponential cut-off $E_0=5.4 \pm 1.1_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm 1.0_{\mathrm{sys}}$ TeV. For Mrk 501, we find an index $\Gamma=1.60\pm 0.30_{\mathrm{stat}} \pm 0.20_{\mathrm{sys}}$ and exponential cut-off $E_0=5.7\pm 1.6_{\mathrm{stat}} \pm 1.0_{\mathrm{sys}}$ TeV. The light curves for both sources show clear variability and a Bayesian analysis is applied to identify changes between flux states. The highest per-transit fluxes observed from Mrk 421 exceed the Crab Nebula flux by a factor of approximately five. For Mrk 501, several transits show fluxes in excess of three times the Crab Nebula flux. In a comparison to lower energy gamma-ray and X-ray monitoring data with comparable sampling we cannot identify clear counterparts for the most significant flaring features observed by HAWC.

Diversidad del maíz chalqueño

Abstract: Los agricultores tradicionales practican la conservacion in situ de la diversidad genetica del maiz (Zea mays L.) mediante la siembra de variantes criollas. Para mejorar dicha practica es necesario conocer la diversidad del maiz en las condiciones de la agricultura tradicional, y tener un diagnostico del material a conservar. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la diversidad genetica de poblaciones de maiz de la raza Chalqueno que se cultivan en el oriente del Estado de Mexico, con base en caracteres morfologicos y agronomicos. Se evaluaron 104 poblaciones en cuatro ambientes y se registraron 11 caracteres morfologicos para evaluar la diversidad entre poblaciones de maiz en la region. Los resultados de un analisis de componentes principales, y otro de conglomerados, indican que las poblaciones presentan traslapes en caracteristicas entre los grupos taxonomicos Palomero Toluqueno, Conico, Conico Norteno, Chalqueno-Conico, Chalqueno cremoso, Elotes Chalquenos, Palomo, Chalqueno-Ancho, Cacahuacintle y Ancho, dentro del complejo de mazorca piramidal. Las poblaciones de la Sierra Norte de Puebla, semejantes en mazorca a Chalqueno y Mushito en Oaxaca y Michoacan, fueron diferentes del resto. La diversidad del maiz es dinamica porque, aunque predomina el Chalqueno, el Cacahuacintle se encuentra en baja frecuencia, el Ancho se distribuye de una altitud intermedia al Altiplano, y el Chalqueno amarillo presenta una fuerte reduccion en su frecuencia.