University of Guadalajara

About: University of Guadalajara is a education organization based out in Guadalajara, Mexico. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 13040 authors who have published 17399 publications receiving 168085 citations. The organization is also known as: UdeG & UdG.

Genetic admixture, relatedness, and structure patterns among Mexican populations revealed by the Y‐chromosome

Abstract: Y-linked markers are suitable loci to analyze genetic diversity of human populations, offering knowledge of medical, forensic, and anthropological interest. In a population sample of 206 Mestizo males from western Mexico, we analyzed two binary loci (M3 and YAP) and six Y-STRs, adding to the analysis data of Mexican Mestizos and Amerindians, and relevant worldwide populations. The paternal ancestry estimated in western Mexican-Mestizos was mainly European (60-64%), followed by Amerindian (25-21%), and African ( approximately 15%). Significant genetic heterogeneity was established between Mestizos from western (Jalisco State) and northern Mexico (Chihuahua State) compared with Mexicans from the center of the Mexican Republic (Mexico City), this attributable to higher European ancestry in western and northern than in central and southeast populations, where higher Amerindian ancestry was inferred. This genetic structure has important implications for medical and forensic purposes. Two different Pre-Hispanic evolutionary processes were evident. In Mesoamerican region, populations presented higher migration rate (N(m) = 24.76), promoting genetic homogeneity. Conversely, isolated groups from the mountains and canyons of the Western and Northern Sierra Madre (Huichols and Tarahumaras, respectively) presented a lower migration rate (N(m) = 10.27) and stronger genetic differentiation processes (founder effect and/or genetic drift), constituting a Pre-Hispanic population substructure. Additionally, Tarahumaras presented a higher frequency of Y-chromosomes without Q3 that was explained by paternal European admixture (15%) and, more interestingly, by a distinctive Native-American ancestry. In Purepechas, a special admixture process involving preferential integration of non-Purepecha women in their communities could explain contrary genetic evidences (autosomal vs. Y-chromosome) for this tribe.

Nitric oxide donors as neuroprotective agents after an ischemic stroke-related inflammatory reaction.

Abstract: Cerebral ischemia initiates a cascade of detrimental events including glutamate-associated excitotoxicity, intracellular calcium accumulation, formation of Reactive oxygen species (ROS), membrane lipid degradation, and DNA damage, which lead to the disruption of cellular homeostasis and structural damage of ischemic brain tissue. Cerebral ischemia also triggers acute inflammation, which exacerbates primary brain damage. Therefore, reducing oxidative stress (OS) and downregulating the inflammatory response are options that merit consideration as potential therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke. Consequently, agents capable of modulating both elements will constitute promising therapeutic solutions because clinically effective neuroprotectants have not yet been discovered and no specific therapy for stroke is available to date. Because of their ability to modulate both oxidative stress and the inflammatory response, much attention has been focused on the role of nitric oxide donors (NOD) as neuroprotective agents in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Given their short therapeutic window, NOD appears to be appropriate for use during neurosurgical procedures involving transient arterial occlusions, or in very early treatment of acute ischemic stroke, and also possibly as complementary treatment for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson or Alzheimer, where oxidative stress is an important promoter of damage. In the present paper, we focus on the role of NOD as possible neuroprotective therapeutic agents for ischemia/reperfusion treatment.

Age of pubertal onset affects the intensity and duration of pubertal growth peak but not final height

Abstract: This paper analyzed the intensity and duration of height growth during puberty in boys and girls in relation to rhythm of maturation. A longitudinal clinical follow-up between ages of 10 and 20 years, was carried out in a sample of 251 children grouped according to age at pubertal onset: boys (genital stage 2) at the ages of 11 (n = 28), 12 (n = 38), 13 (n = 42), and 14 (n = 27); and girls (breast stage 2) at the ages of 10 (n = 37), 11 (n = 47), 12 (n = 19), and 13 (n = 13). Height was measured annually. Testicular volume and genital development were assessed in boys, and breast development was assessed in girls. There were significant differences (P < 0.001) in height at the age of pubertal onset among maturity groups. Late maturers were taller than early maturers (r = 0.49, P < 0.001 for girls; r = 0.38, P < 0.001 for boys). However, final heights did not differ according to age of onset in either sex. In boys, later onset of puberty was associated with a smaller pubertal height gain (r = -0.60, P < 0.001) and a shorter period of pubertal growth (r = -0.61, P < 0.001). Equally in girls, earlier onset of puberty was associated with a greater pubertal height gain (r = -0.68, P < 0.001) and a longer period of pubertal growth (r = -0.59, P < 0.001). In conclusion, age of pubertal onset does not affect final height attained in both sexes, since there is an inverse compensatory phenomenon in both sexes between height at pubertal onset and the intensity and duration of pubertal growth.

Towards a complete A4 × SU(5) SUSY GUT

Abstract: We propose a renormalisable model based on A 4 family symmetry with an SU(5) grand unified theory (GUT) which leads to the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) with a ℤ9 × ℤ6 symmetry provides the fermion mass hierarchy in both the quark and lepton sectors, while ℤ 4 symmetry is broken to ℤ 2 , identified as usual R-parity. Proton decay is highly sup-pressed by these symmetries. The strong CP problem is solved in a similar way to the Nelson-Barr mechanism. We discuss both the A 4 and SU(5) symmetry breaking sectors, including doublet-triplet splitting, Higgs mixing and the origin of the μ term. The model provides an excellent fit (better than one sigma) to all quark and lepton (including neu-trino) masses and mixing with spontaneous CP violation. With the A 4 vacuum alignments, (0, 1, 1) and (1, 3, 1), the model predicts the entire PMNS mixing matrix with no free pa-rameters, up to a relative phase, selected to be 2π/3 from a choice of the nine complex roots of unity, which is identified as the leptogenesis phase. The model predicts a normal neutrino mass hierarchy with leptonic angles θ 13 ≈ 8.7∘, θ 12 ≈ 34∘, θ 23 ≈ 46∘ and an oscillation phase δ ι ≈ − 87∘.

Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance

Abstract: Historical records and genetic analyses indicate that Latin Americans trace their ancestry mainly to the intermixing (admixture) of Native Americans, Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans. Using novel haplotype-based methods, here we infer sub-continental ancestry in over 6,500 Latin Americans and evaluate the impact of regional ancestry variation on physical appearance. We find that Native American ancestry components in Latin Americans correspond geographically to the present-day genetic structure of Native groups, and that sources of non-Native ancestry, and admixture timings, match documented migratory flows. We also detect South/East Mediterranean ancestry across Latin America, probably stemming mostly from the clandestine colonial migration of Christian converts of non-European origin (Conversos). Furthermore, we find that ancestry related to highland (Central Andean) versus lowland (Mapuche) Natives is associated with variation in facial features, particularly nose morphology, and detect significant differences in allele frequencies between these groups at loci previously associated with nose morphology in this sample.