Showing papers by "University of North Carolina at Charlotte published in 1986"
TL;DR: In the East Pacific Rise, small offsets of the rise axis are often boundaries between petrologically distinct magmatic units which must be supplied independently from beneath the ocean crust as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Lavas from the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise are geochemically diverse even within a single tectonically defined spreading cell. Within such spreading cells, small offsets of the rise axis are often boundaries between petrologically distinct magmatic units which must be supplied independently from beneath the ocean crust. Volcanics erupted near the small offsets can have chemical characteristics similar to those previously found near transform faults.
411 citations
TL;DR: The studies suggest that old and young adults profit from visual embellishment and that memory for meaningful pictures remains relatively intact with age.
Abstract: In the present experiments, the effects of varying detail on memory were examined. In Experiment 1, pictorial embellishment was varied by presenting old and young adults with normal photographs, high-contrast photographs, or line drawings, and testing their memory immediately and 4 weeks later. All of the subjects did best with the most elaborate pictures (normal photographs), and old subjects remembered as well as young at the immediate but not at the delayed interval. In Experiment 2, detail was varied by adding background to line drawings of a central object. Subjects of both ages profited from enhanced background detail, and there were no differences in memory as a function of age. Experiment 3 replicated Experiment 2, except that subjects studied the pictures under divided attention conditions. Again, subjects of both age recognized elaborate pictures best, and no significant age differences emerged. The studies suggest that old and young adults profit from visual embellishment and that memory for meaningful pictures remains relatively intact with age.
160 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors manipulated applicant sex, applicant physical attractiveness, type of rater (120 students and 105 professional interviewers) and the type of job in a 2 times 2 × 2 ×2 times 2 design.
Abstract: Applicant sex, applicant physical attractiveness, type of rater (120 students and 105 professional employment interviewers) and the type of job were manipulated experimentally in a 2 times 2 × 2 times 2 design. Physical attractiveness of job candidates had the broadest influence on employment decisions. There was no main effect for applicant sex, but professional interviewers were biased in favour of female applicants while student raters were not. Also, as expected, professional interviewers rated job applicants less leniently than students did.
141 citations
TL;DR: This article explored the collaborative writing processes of a group of computer software company executives, focusing on the year-long process that led to the writing of a vital company document, and found that the organizational context influences writers' conceptions of their rhetorical situations, and their collaborative writing behavior.
Abstract: This study explored the collaborative writing processes of a group of computer software company executives. In particular, the study focused on the year-long process that led to the writing of a vital company document. Research methods used included participant/observations, open-ended interviews, and Discourse-Based Interviews. A detailed analysis of the executive collaborative process posits a model that describes the reciprocal relationship between writing and the organizational context. The study shows the following: (1) how the organizational context influences (a) writers' conceptions of their rhetorical situations, and (b) their collaborative writing behavior; and (2) how the rhetorical activities influence the structure of the organization.
140 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the eigenvalues of the velocity gradients tensor and of the position gradient tensor describing instantaneous flow or incremental deformations are easily determined in Mohr space as the points of intersection between a Mohr circle and the horizontal Mohr axis.
133 citations
TL;DR: Huffman and Leak as discussed by the authors found that mentors could be effecient in addressing the needs of new teachers, but to maximize their effective ness the mentors should teach the same content and work at the same grade level as the beginning teacher.
Abstract: Aefter a year of implementation of a be ginning teacher support system, 108 new teachers were asked their reactions to the mentoring program. Huffman and Leak found that mentors could be effec tive in addressing the needs of new teachers, but to maximize their effective ness the mentors should teach the same content and work at the same grade level as the beginning teacher. Furthermore, the authors conclude that it is imperative to provide adequate conference time for mentors and beginning teachers if the induction participants are to achieve program objectives.
125 citations
TL;DR: Although none of the enzymes appeared to correlate with the ability of these strains to produce lethality in mice, the production of hemolysin and of a protease with activity against native serum albumin may be significant in the pathogenesis of the potentially fatal infections produced by this organism.
110 citations
TL;DR: This article investigated the effects of past computer experience on the computerized aptitude test performance of college students and found that past computer experiences did account for a significant amount of variance on the arithmetic reasoning test.
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of past computer experience on the computerized aptitude test performance of college students. Subjects were 92 undergraduates. All subjects completed an arithmetic reasoning test by computer and a Computer Experience Questionnaire. Past computer experience did account for a significant amount of variance on the arithmetic reasoning test. Suggestions regarding the future use of computerized aptitude tests are given.
88 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an alternating treatment design was used to investigate the relative effects of two previewing procedures on oral reading: (a) listening previewing, in which the teacher read the assigned passage aloud while the student followed along silently prior to reading the passage aloud; and (b) taped pre-recorded reading passages while following along silently before reading aloud.
Abstract: An alternating-treatments design was used to investigate the relative effects of two previewing procedures on oral reading: (a) listening previewing, in which the teacher read the assigned passage aloud while the student followed along silently prior to reading the passage aloud; and (b) taped previewing, in which the student listened to prerecorded reading passages while following along silently prior to reading the passage aloud. Subjects were four elementary-aged learning disabled (LD) boys. Compared to a no-previewing approach, systematic previewing procedures were found to be related to higher performance levels. In addition, the listening procedure was differentially related to higher rates of words read correctly. Neither previewing procedure was related to changes in error rates. Implications of results are drawn for research and instruction.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the mean score on the computerized version of an arithmetic reasoning test would be significantly lower than that on the paper-and-pencil version when there were no computers available.
Abstract: This study sought to determine whether the mean score on the computerized version of an arithmetic reasoning test would be significantly lower than that on the paper-and-pencil version when there w...
57 citations
TL;DR: The objective of this study was to calculate the stress distribution induced in anterior metal-ceramic crowns fabricated with either gold-alloy or nickel- alloy copings of reduced thickness using plane stress analyses.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to calculate the stress distribution induced in anterior metal-ceramic crowns fabricated with either gold-alloy or nickel-alloy copings of reduced thickness using plane stress analyses. Two-dimensional finite element models of three crown designs were subjected to a simulated biting force of 200 N which was distributed over porcelain near the lingual metal-ceramic junction. Based on plane stress analyses, the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in porcelain for the three cases were 29.5 MPa and 123.1 MPa, respectively. The highest tensile strains in porcelain for veneered Ni-Cr and Au-Pd copings with conventional dimensions were 0.016% and 0.014%, respectively. The maximum stresses and strains in porcelain for the crowns with a conventional coping thickness (0.3 mm) and a reduced coping thickness (0.1 mm) were not significantly different. All values were below the critical failure values of porcelain.
TL;DR: The Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) as mentioned in this paper is a memory test that assesses recall of lists of words on single and multiple trials and has been shown to have a positive correlation with Neuroticism and no correlation with Introversion.
Abstract: The Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) is a memory test that assesses recall of lists of words on single and multiple trials. College students (N = 33) were given the AVLT, either with or without a prior administration of 100 mg caffeine. Caffeine subjects recalled fewer words than did control subjects, both after single presentations of lists and across repeated trials. Caffeine subjects showed a greater deficit in recalling the middle-to-end portions of the lists. Personality scores on the Maudsley Personality Inventory showed a positive correlation of recall on a pretest with Neuroticism, and no correlation with Introversion.
TL;DR: These treatments, which were equiactive in nonischemic hearts, provided equivalent preservation of cardiac function, ATP, and creatine phosphate in the reperfused ischemic hearts, indicating large increases in recovery of contractile function were observed with a partial preservation of ATP reserves.
TL;DR: In this article, a measure-theoretic characterization of hyponormality for weighted composition operators is presented. But the authors restrict their analysis to the case of weight functions equal to 1 and do not consider the case where the composition operator is an isometry.
Abstract: In [1] D. Harrington and R. Whitley examined several questions of seminormality for composition operators. In that article they raise the question of finding a measure theoretic characterization of hyponormality for composition operators. In this article we establish criteria for hyponormality for weighted composition operators. By restricting attention to the case of weight function equal to 1 we arrive at a measure theoretic characterization of composition operator hyponormality. Harrington and Whitley also showed that if the measure is finite then hyponormality follows if and only if the transformation is measure preserving; equivalently, if and only if the composition operator is an isometry. We show that there are hyponormal weighted composition operators on finite measure spaces which are not scalar multiples of isometries.
TL;DR: The Patternist series as discussed by the authors is a collection of five published novels of the Patternist saga, depicting over a vast time span both the genesis and evolution of Homo Superior (psionically enhanced human beings) and his mutated bestial counterpart; the one novel, Kindred, outside the serial story; and the short stories.
Abstract: Despite the fact that her novels are sometimes difficult to find, Octavia Butler has nonetheless firmly established herself as a major new voice in science fiction. The five published novels of her Patternist saga, depicting over a vast time span both the genesis and evolution of Homo Superior (psionically enhanced human beings) and his mutated bestial counterpart; the one novel, Kindred, outside the serial story; and the short stories, all speak exceptionally well for Butler's artistry and growth.l Through the interviews she has given, the articles she's written, the pieces published about her, and of course, her novels, Octavia Butler emerges as a forthright and honest author. She is a writer very conscious of the power of art to affect social perceptions and behavior and a writer unafraid to admit that, when appropriate, she borrows from tradition, that she takes and reshapes African and Afro-American cultural values, that she has heuristic and didactic impulses which she transforms into art. With Wild Seed and Kindred, for instance, Butler seizes the possibilities inherent in the historical novel and the Black tradition in autobiography. She adapts these forms to produce extrapolative fiction which, for its impetus, looks to an historically grounded African-American past rather than to a completely speculative future. On the surface, this seems indeed a curious connection, this linkage of future fiction to the past. Regardless of the surface appearance, the format itself, extrapolating or projecting from social structures of the past to those possible in the future, is not new (Isaac Asimov's Foundation series is a model precursor). What is new and distinctive is Butler's handling of the format or frame, her particular choice of past cultures to extrapolate from. She has chosen to link science fiction not only to anthropology and history, via the historical novel, but directly to the Black American slavery experiences via the slave narrative. This is a fundamental departure for science fiction as genre. Wild Seed and Kindred demonstrate this new configuration aptly. However, before engaging in an immediate discussion of these
TL;DR: The phylogenetic relationships indicated by known developmental phenomena differ only slightly from the scheme presented by Karling in 1974, and the lack of correspondence between polyclads and neoophorans in the relationship of the definitive body axes to the egg axis is discussed, and an hypothesis is advanced to account for the differences.
Abstract: Developmental characters — including oocyte and yolk cell structure, patterns of cleavage, and modes of gastrulation — are presented and examined in relation to the phylogeny of the Turbellaria. Eggshell granules, which have been demonstrated to occur in the oocytes of entolecithal eggs and the yolk cells of ectolecithal eggs, are compared among species, and their potential value as a taxonomic character is discussed. The quartet 4d spiral cleavage of the entolecithal egg of polyclads is described as reminiscent of the primitive pattern of early development for the Turbellaria. This is compared to duet spiral cleavage of acoels, and possible phylogenetic schemes involving the two types of spiral cleavage are reviewed. The link between the precise spiral cleavage, which characterizes development of most archoophorans, and blastomere separation (Blastomeren-Anarchie), which occurs in several neoophoran orders, is established by the occurrence of quartet 4d spiral cleavage in one neoophoran order, and of both quartet spiral cleavage and Blastomeren-Anarchie in different species of a second neoophoran order. The epibolic gastrulation of polyclads is described as primitive for the Turbellaria because of its similarity to that of other members of the Spiralia. Although no identical process occurs in neoophoran development, the earlier event of formation of the hull membrane in some neoophorans, and the later event of formation of the definitive epidermis in all neoophorans studied are presented as processes of possible homology to the epibolic gastrulation of polyclads. The lack of correspondence between polyclads and neoophorans in the relationship of the definitive body axes to the egg axis is discussed, and an hypothesis is advanced to account for the differences. The phylogenetic relationships indicated by known developmental phenomena differ only slightly from the scheme presented by Karling in 1974.
TL;DR: A significant interactive effect of age and rotation angle on response time suggested slower rates of mental rotation for old vs. young adults, as did significant age differences in mean slope and intercept values based on individual subjects' linear equations for response time over rotation angle.
Abstract: Twenty-four old (M = 70.9 years) and 24 young (M = 21.7 years) adults performed a mental rotation task in which stimuli were pairs of three-dimensional objects (toy cowboy figures). Participants were presented with one pair of figures on each trial and were required to make a “yes/no” decision as to whether the figures were in identical (“yes”) or mirror image (“no”) poses. A significant interactive effect of age and rotation angle on response time suggested slower rates of mental rotation for old vs. young adults, as did significant age differences in mean slope and intercept values based on individual subjects' linear equations for response time over rotation angle. Findings were consistent with those of previous studies which have reported significant age-related slowing in mental rotation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe two studies designed to identify some of the rules that may govern interactions with bereaved persons and whether those rules are different for suicidal deaths, as compared with death by accident or natural causes.
Abstract: The present article describes two studies designed to identify some of the rules that may govern interactions with bereaved persons and whether those rules are different for suicidal deaths, as compared with death by accident or natural causes. In the first study, with university students, 28 rules were identified. The pattern of results suggests that the rules for suicide are more constraining; that is, judgments about the existence of social rules tend to be more inclusive and extreme, in a “should not do” direction, when the death is suicidal. In the second study, with adult citizens, 13 possible rules were examined. The pattern of results confirmed the findings obtained in the first study — that interacting with the survivors of a suicidal death was seen as a more constraining situation with a predominance of proscriptive rules. It was suggested that while individuals may feel greater compassion for the survivors of suicide, they may avoid the situation for fear of violating one of the proscriptive rules.
01 Nov 1986-Graphical Models \/graphical Models and Image Processing \/computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, the rigidity assumption is relaxed in several fundamental problems and a closed form solution is obtained for an isometric generalized motion given the corresponding image transformation.
Abstract: In computer vision and image understanding research, rigidity of bodies and their motions has long been a key assumption in obtaining 3-dimensional shape and motion information from 2-dimensional images. In this paper, the rigidity assumption is relaxed in several fundamental problems. Nonrigid, elastic bodies under perspective projection are considered. Deformations of such bodies are diffeomorphisms of R3 in the case of static elasticity. For dynamic elasticity, generalized motions (including deformations) are represented by 1-parameter families of diffeomorphisms of R3. The primary goal is to determine a generalized motion of a known nonrigid, elastic body given images of the body before and after the generalized motion. Although there is no uniqueness result in general, a closed form solution is obtained for an isometric generalized motion given the corresponding image transformation. Further, an approach to the shape-from-shading method is presented which yields complete local surface information.
TL;DR: There was no clear correlation between outer membrane protein profile and source of the isolate, and certain patterns of major iron-regulated outer membrane proteins were more common among clinical strains.
Abstract: Possible iron-transport mechanisms were examined for 11 Vibrio vulnificus strains from clinical and environmental sources. All strains produced hydroxamate siderophores, and 10 of 11 produced phenolate siderophores. Each strain produced at least 2 new major outer membrane proteins in response to iron limitation; however, the apparent Mr of these proteins varied between strains. While certain patterns of major iron-regulated outer membrane proteins were more common among clinical strains, there was no clear correlation between outer membrane protein profile and source of the isolate. Immune serum showed a strong antigenic response to a 66-kD outer membrane protein that was common to all strains examined and was not iron-regulated. An antigenic response to other outer membrane proteins that appear to be iron-regulated was also noted.
TL;DR: The effects of illustrations on comprehension were investigated among 32 learning disabled elementary-aged students and showed significantly more correct responses to comprehension questions following the non-illustrated passages.
Abstract: The effects of illustrations on comprehension were investigated among 32 learning disabled elementary-aged students. Students read an illustrated passage and a non-illustrated passage and answered eight comprehension questions following each passage. Results showed significantly more correct responses to comprehension questions following the non-illustrated passages. Results are discussed in relation to the purported benefits of illustrations. Implications for instruction and suggestions for future research are presented.
TL;DR: Preparation du complexe [Ru(bpy) 2 (bpm)] (ClO 4 ) 2 avec bpy=bipyridine-2,2' and bpm=Bipyrimidine 2,2" et etude de ses proprietes electrochimiques as mentioned in this paper
TL;DR: There are two distinct pathways of androgenesis in this species that are determined by the type of auxin present in the medium, and both the generative and vegetative cells of the pollen grain contributed to embryoid formation whose pattern of development was similar to that of zygotic embryos.
Abstract: The direct differentiation of bicellular pollen grains of Solanum carolinense L. (Horse-nettle; Solanaceae) into embryoids and plantlets was induced by culturing whole anthers on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with IAA. The highest frequency of embryogenic induction occurred at 10 mg/l IAA. Developmentally, both the generative and vegetative cells of the pollen grain contributed to embryoid formation whose pattern of development was similar to that of zygotic embryos. In a previous study, it was show that 2,4-D promoted callus formation by pollen grains in cultured anthers of S. carolinense. It appears then that there are two distinct pathways of androgenesis in this species that are determined by the type of auxin present in the medium.
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15 Dec 1986TL;DR: In this paper, the authors extended the works of Psacharopoulos, Lee, and Liu and Wong by controlling for differences in ability and testing both versions of the screening hypothesis using micro data from the United States.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors obtained the natural frequencies and modes of polygonal cylindrical ducts by using a receptance approach and showed that there is a tendency for mode groups to cluster at common natural frequencies if the ducts are made of identical plates.
TL;DR: This article investigated the reactions of others to the surviving spouse of an individual who commits suicide and found that a group of 120 adults responded to a typeset obituary notice that descri...
Abstract: The present study investigated the reactions of others to the surviving spouse of an individual who commits suicide. A group of 120 adult citizens responded to a typeset obituary notice that descri...