Showing papers by "University of South Florida published in 1984"
TL;DR: In this paper, the relative effects of waves and tides on the morphology of a coast are discussed. And the authors make an association between coastal morphology and the dominant process that operates on the coast in question.
486 citations
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a free-drifting sediment trap deployed at 900 m at four stations in the Pacific Ocean between 12°N and 6°S at 153°W.
Abstract: Primary productivity (14C) and mass flux measurements using a free-drifting sediment trap deployed at 900 m were made at four stations in the Pacific Ocean between 12°N and 6°S at 153°W. The latitudinal variations in productivity were consistent with historical patterns showing the equator as a zone of high production and the oligotrophic waters north of the equatorial region as an area of low productivity. The correlation coefficient between the two sets of independent measurements was 0.999, indicating that in this oceanic area the activity of the primary producers was closely related to the total mass flux. A re-examination of historical data suggests that the downward flux of particulate organic carbon varies in direct proportion to the quotient of surface primary production raised to the 1.4 power and depth raised to the 0.63 power.
403 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that modification of perception of some phonetic contrasts in adulthood is slow and effortful, but that improved laboratory training tasks may be useful in establishing categorical perception of these contrasts.
Abstract: Native Japanese speakers learning English have difficulty perceptually differentiating the liquid consonants /r/ and /l/, even after extensive conversational instruction. Using a same-different discrimination task with immediate feedback, eight adult female Japanese were given extensive training on a synthetic “rock”-“lock” stimulus series. Performance improved gradually for all subjects over the 14 to 18 training sessions. Comparisons of pretraining and posttraining categorical perception tests with the training stimuli indicated transfer of training to the more demanding identification and oddity discrimination tasks for seven of the eight subjects. Five of seven subjects also improved in identification and oddity discrimination of an acoustically dissimilar “rake”-“lake” synthetic series. However, transfer did not extend to natural speech words contrasting initial /r/ and /V/, It was concluded that modification of perception of some phonetic contrasts in adulthood is slow and effortful, but that improved laboratory training tasks may be useful in establishing categorical perception of these contrasts.
302 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of the geochemical cycles of sulfur and carbon during Phanerozoic time is presented, and the dominant redox system of the exogenic cycle is the complementary sulfide-sulfate-carbonate-organic carbon relation.
Abstract: A model of the geochemical cycles of sulfur and carbon during Phanerozoic time makes it possible to compute the masses of the major sedimentary reservoirs, their fluxes in and out of the ocean, and their isotopic compositions both forward and backward in time. An important conclusion of the model, despite these caveats, is that the exogenic geochemical cycles of carbon and sulfur can be, to a reasonable good first approximation, treated as a closed system. The dominant redox system of the exogenic cycle is the complementary sulfide-sulfate-carbonate-organic carbon relation.--Modified journal abstract.
203 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new technique for designing quadrature mirror filters is described, which is carried out in the time domain and results in an optimization problem requiring minimization of a quartic multinomial.
Abstract: A new technique for designing quadrature mirror filters is described. The formulation, carried out in the time domain, is shown to result in an optimization problem requiring minimization of a quartic multinomial. An iterative solution is suggested which involves (computation of) the eigenvector of a matrix with a dimensionality equal to one half the number of filter taps. Our experiments show that convergence to the optimum tap weights is stable, and the accuracy of the final solution is limited only by the accuracy of the eigenvalue-eigenvector routine. As in an earlier technique, the user can specify the stop: band frequency the relative weights of the passband ripple energy and the stopband residual energy, and, of course, the number of filter taps.
182 citations
172 citations
TL;DR: This book will not make you feel bored while reading, and anorexia nervosa a multidimensional perspective really offers what everybody wants.
136 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that changes in phospholipids and diacylglycerol may be important for changes in pyruvate dehydrogenase and other enzymatic activities during treatment with insulin and/or protein synthesis inhibitors.
127 citations
TL;DR: Hemosiderin was rapidly cleared from the lungs following an acute pulmonary hemorrhage and a small percentage of the PAM recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage from both adults and children contained hemosiderin.
127 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that the clinician who is assessing for the presence of intellectual deterioration associated with brain damage should rely heavily upon a valid actuarial index.
Abstract: Leli and Filskov (1979) reported cross-validated classification accuracy that equalled 83% for a discriminant function derived on two measures of intellectual deterioration. This investigation made a preliminary assessment of the clinical utility of this function through a clinical-actuarial classification paradigm. Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale Form I protocols from 12 nonpsychotic nonimpaired and 12 cerebrally impaired individuals were used by experienced clinicians and predoctoral interns to identify the presence of intellectual deterioration associated with brain damage through their own clinical experience (Clinical Judgment condition) and, then, in conjunction with the discriminant function (Clinical-Actuarial condition). The classification accuracy from the discriminant function weights (Actuarial condition) and those from clinicians in the Clinical-Actuarial condition were statistically comparable and significantly above chance levels. These results indicate that the clinician who is assessing for the presence of intellectual deterioration associated with brain damage should rely heavily upon a valid actuarial index.
106 citations
TL;DR: 18-Oxocortisol excretion is increased markedly in the urine of patients with GSA: what role this relatively weak mineralocorticoid plays in the pathogenesis of their hypertension is unknown.
Abstract: A radioimmunoassay procedure for the measurement of urinary 18-oxocortisol was developed. The antibody was raised against 18-oxocortisol 3-carboxymethyloxime-BSA and had relatively high specificity, except for aldosterone (26.3%). The RIA required a preliminary HPLC purification using a Lichrosorb diol column eluted with toluene:acetonitrile:isopropanol:acetic acid (83:11.9:5.1:0.01). The eluate portion corresponding to 18-oxocortisol was evaporated and subjected to RIA. The RIA procedure had an intraassay variability of 11% when using a pool containing 10.8 μg/24 hr (n=6) and 17% with a pool containing 3.28 μg/24 hr. The interassay variability was 11% (n=4). The recovery of added 18-oxocortisol was 90 ± 10%. The urinary excretion of 18-oxocortisol in 22 white normal subjects was 3.26 ± 1.98 (SD) μg/24 hr (range 0.8 to 7.1 μg/24 hr). The mean excretion of 18-oxocortisol in 4 patients with glucocorticoid-suppressible aldosteronism (GSA) was 38.6 μg/24 hr (range 25.5 to 54.6 μg/24 hr). The excretio...
TL;DR: In this article, the main effects and interactions of light and temperature on rates of nitrate uptake and levels of pigments and chemical constituents of the red seaweed Gracilaria tikvahiae were investigated in outdoor, nutrient-replete continuous-flow seawater culture chambers.
Abstract: Main effects and interactions of light and temperature on rates of nitrate (NO
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3
) uptake and levels of pigments and chemical constituents of the red seaweedGracilaria tikvahiae were investigated in outdoor, nutrient-replete continuous-flow seawater culture chambers. Light intensity was the more important factor regulating levels of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) and %N all of which varied inversely with light. Temperature was the more important factor regulating levels of protein, carbohydrate, and %C, all of which varied inversely with temperature. High levels of C, N, protein and carbohydrate at 15°C suggest thatG. tikvahiae either acclimates to low temperatures by increasing cellular levels of these constituents or accumulates these consituents at the reduced growth rates that occurred at this low temperature. Rates of NO
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-uptake byG. tikvahiae increased with increasing light and temperature up to the highest levels employed (i.e. I0, 30°C). A broad correlation between growth rate, photosynthetic capacity and NO
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-uptake byG. tikvahiae suggests that the ecological success of this alga may be due to its ability for highly balanced growth (i.e. proportional assimilation of C and N) over a broad range of light and temperature.
TL;DR: Angiotensin-II (A-II) provoked a rapid decrease in 32p in triphosphoinositide (TPI) in32p-prelabeled rat adrenal glomerulosa cells, and this effect appeared to be independent of Ca++.
Abstract: Angiotensin-1 I (A-ll) provoked a rapid decrease in 32p jn triphosphoinositide (TPI) in 32p-pre-labeled rat adrenal glomerulosa cells. This effect (presumably reflecting TPI hydrolysis) of A-ll was nearly maximal at 5 sec of incubation and appeared to precede increases in labeling of phosphatidic acid and phosphat idylinositol. Other aldosterone-stimulating agents (ACTH, K+ and serotonin) did not provoke this effect. Since this effect appeared to be independent of Ca++, it is possible that TPI hydrolysis may be important for Ca ++ mobilization during A-ll action in glomerulosa tissue.
TL;DR: A number of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles have been identified in coal-derived products and in shale oils and demonstrated either very weak or no mutagenic activity, but activity was observed only at high concentrations of the metabolic activator.
Abstract: A number of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles have been identified in coal-derived products and in shale oils. The mutagenic activity of some of these compounds, including dibenzothiophene, benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]thiophene, benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene and benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]thiophene have been determined using the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test. These compounds demonstrated either very weak or no mutagenic activity. The methyl derivatives of each of these four compounds were assayed for mutagenic activity. Salmonella typhimurium TA98 was used as the tester strain. All assays required a rat-liver homogenate metabolic activator. Five of the methylated derivatives, 1-methylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]thiophene, 3-methylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2,-d]thiophene, 1-methylbenzo[b]-naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene, 6-methylbenzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene and 4-methylbenzo[b]naphtho[2,3-[d]thiophene demonstrated mutagenic activity. However, activity was observed only at high concentrations of the metabolic activator.
TL;DR: In this article, an overdetermined collocation procedure is presented for determining fracture mechanics parameters and the use of more than one eigenvector coupled with the over-computed collocation technique circumvents many of the problems normally found with the collocation method.
Abstract: An overdetermined collocation procedure is presented for determining fracture mechanics parameters. The use of more than one eigenvector coupled with the overdetermined collocation procedure circumvents many of the problems normally found with the collocation procedure. Results are compared with those of other methods on two test problems.
TL;DR: Test sensitivity, test mixture, and wavelength discrimination data of the present study support the first alternative; they implicate opponent (chromatic) mechanisms in the detection of small, brief lights, but the data cannot be fit by the same opponent systems used to fit large-test data.
TL;DR: Some animals, whose digestive tract was fungus-free, could be colonized with the Basidiobolus sp.
Abstract: To provide information about the distribution of a Basidiobolus sp., an occasional pathogen in the subtropics and tropics, 95 reptiles and amphibians, comprising eight different species, were trapped from the beaches and inland habitats of Tampa and Miami, Florida. Five of the eight animal species were infested with Basidiobolus sp. Approximately 50% of the animals collected carried this zygomycete. Under laboratory conditions, it remained in the digestive tracts of some starved anoles for up to 3 weeks. Some animals, whose digestive tract was fungus-free, could be colonized with the Basidiobolus sp. by feeding them mealworms contaminated with propagules of this fungus. This finding alters, in a minor way, the present concept of the life history of the fungus.
TL;DR: The thinness of the parietal pleura, the closeness of its blood vessels to the pleural space, and its specialized lymphatic clearance pathways, together indicate that the par societal pleura plays a major role in pleural liquid and protein dynamics in sheep.
Abstract: We studied the parietal pleura of six sheep to obtain information on pleural structure, blood supply, and lymphatic drainage. In the strict sense, the parietal pleura is composed of a single layer of mesothelial cells and a uniform layer of loose, irregular connective tissue (about 23 micron in width) subjacent to the mesothelial cells. The parietal pleural blood vessels are 10-15 micron from the pleural space. Tracer substances put in the pleural space are removed at specific locations. Colloidal carbon and chick red blood cells are cleared by the parietal pleural lymphatics located over the intercostal spaces at the caudal end of the thoracic wall and over the lateral sides of the pericardial sac. In these areas the mesothelial cells have specialized openings, the stomata, that directly communicate with the underlying lymphatic lacunae. Cells and particulate matter in the pleural space are cleared only by the parietal pleural lymphatics. Compared to the visceral pleura, we believe the thinness of the parietal pleura, the closeness of its blood vessels to the pleural space, and its specialized lymphatic clearance pathways, together indicate that the parietal pleura plays a major role in pleural liquid and protein dynamics in sheep.
TL;DR: Comparisons of macrofauna and meiofauna from seagrass sites and a description of their trophic interactions are identified and four areas for future research are identified.
Abstract: Although many studies exist which document abundances of epibenthic and sediment-dwelling macrofauna from seagrass habitats, little descriptive or experimental information is available on meiofauna from these systems. Much of this discreapancy is a result of sampling techniques or sample processing. Herein we critically review the literature on meiofauna from temperate and tropical seagrass systems and present data on meiofauna from three subcommunities within a Tampa Bay, Florida seagrass bed—seagrass blades, sediments surrounding individual culms and the water column. Four areas for future research are identified: 1) comparisons of macrofauna and meiofauna from seagrass sites and a description of their trophic interactions; 2) elucidation of relationships between meiofauna and algal epiphytes; 3) monitoring of vertical migration of meiofauna from sediments into the water column; and 4) biogeographic comparisons of 1–3 above.
TL;DR: The significance of the large eggs may be in the production of aLarge juvenile, and not in the provision of a large amount of energy for development, in the echinoid Abatus cordatus.
Abstract: Summary Egg diameters (mm) of the asteroids Diplasterias meridionalis, Anas ferias perrieri, and Anasterias rupicola and of the echinoid Abatus cordatus were 2.79, 1.75, 1.37 and 1.34, respectively. The levels (% dry wt) of soluble protein/insoluble protein/lipid/carbohydrate were 44: 15: 36: 0.4, 29: 31: 35: 0.9, 37: 28: 26:1.0, and 33:29: 35:2.1, respectively. The calories/egg were 38, 9.45 ± 1.75, 4.69, 3.70 ± 0.98, respectively. Brooded, A. perrieri (1.46 mg dry wt/individual, R = 1.47 mm) had 7.85 ± 1.5 cal/ind. Brooded, A. cordatus (1.76 mg dry wt/ind, length = 2.02 mm) had 4.17 ± 0.06 cal/ind. There was little change in the amount of organic material during development in either species, but the amount of ash increased 5-fold in A. perrieri and 13-fold in A. cordatus. The significance of the large eggs may be in the production of a large juvenile, and not in the provision of a large amount of energy for development.
TL;DR: The indications for inpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa are reviewed and the major psychodynamic conflicts that occur are described and psychotherapeutic methods for treating each are presented.
TL;DR: It is suggested that luteinizing hormone provokes increases in de novo synthesis of phosphatidylinositol in rat granulosa cells and changes in phospholipid metabolism may be important for steroidogenesis and other enzymatic processes during treatment with lute inizing hormone.
TL;DR: This article investigated the application of interpersonal and cognitive theories of adult depression to childhood depression and found that depressed children showed poorer primary means-ends problem-solving performance and lower self-ratings on items assessing social comparison and self-satisfaction with interpersonal problem solving performance.
Abstract: This study investigated the application of interpersonal and cognitive theories of adult depression to childhood depression. The Childhood Depression Inventory was administered to elementary school children, aged nine to eleven. Those scoring in the upper and lower third of the sample were designated as depressed (n = 20) and nondepressed (n = 20). Within two days, a measure of interpersonal problem‐solving ability, three questionnaire items assessing self‐ratings of interpersonal problem‐solving performance, and the vocabulary subtest of the WISC‐R were administered to the depressed and nondepressed subjects. Consistent with interpersonal and cognitive theories, depressed children showed poorer primary means‐ends problem‐solving performance and lower self‐ratings on items assessing social‐comparison and self‐satisfaction with interpersonal problem‐solving performance. Depressed children also scored significantly lower on the vocabulary subtest. These findings are discussed in terms of their similarity to...
TL;DR: In this paper, evidence contrary to the widely held view that groups move through discernible developmental phases is analyzed in detail and definitional issues relating to "phases in group development " and "group...
Abstract: Evidence contrary to the widely held view that groups move through discernible developmental phases is analyzed in detail. Definitional issues relating to "phases in group development " and "group ...
TL;DR: The effect of heparin on platelet aggregation was systematically examined on platelets in plasma (PRP), as well as on gel‐filtered, washed, and formaldehyde‐fixed platelets, and a significant inhibitory activity is observed when heparIn is added to isolated platelets.
Abstract: The effect of heparin on platelet aggregation was systematically examined on platelets in plasma (PRP), as well as on gel-filtered, washed, and formaldehyde-fixed platelets. Results indicate that, although heparin causes a mild potentiation of platelet aggregation in the PRP systems, a significant inhibitory activity is observed when heparin is added to isolated platelets. This inhibitory activity appears to be specific and not related to the impurities in the heparin preparations, as heparinase, as well as protamine, effectively neutralizes the heparin-mediated inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation. Although heparin-mediated inhibitory activity can be demonstrated in the presence of a number of different agonists (ADP, arachidonic acid, thrombin, Ionophore A23187, epinephrine, and ristocetin), the most pronounced inhibition is seen in the presence of ristocetin. Further studies show that heparin enhances thromboxane generation in isolated platelets. Platelets pretreated with heparin, however, fail to respond to preformed thromboxane. These findings suggest that, in addition to the potentiation of thromboxane production in platelets, heparin may also attribute some change(s) to the platelet(s)/platelet membrane, which interferes with their ability to respond to the agonists of platelet aggregation. This antiaggregatory activity of heparin was found to be inhibited by a factor(s) present in plasma but not in serum.
TL;DR: This paper provides a discussion of several standards and guidelines for design of visual display terminal (VDT) workplaces in terms of their importance and the availability of supporting ergonomics research.
TL;DR: A549 cells synthesize "defective" HSAG and that the synthesis may be modulated by host factors, indicating that appropriate A549 clones can be used effectively as model systems for selected type II cell dysfunctions.
Abstract: Immunocytochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical approaches were used in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments designed to identify characteristic changes reflecting differentiated type II cell function of A549 cells. Monolayers of A549 cells and A549 clones were maintained in culture for up to 3 weeks. Using an immunoperoxidase (PAP) technique, we demonstrated that variable proportions of A549 cells and of cells in several A549 clones reacted specifically with antibodies to high molecular weight (greater than 400,000) human surfactant-associated glycoproteins (HSAG). The cells of one clone, A549-C12, were consistently negative for HSAG, but their lamellar bodies were similar in appearance and distribution to those found in a PAP-positive clone, A549-C11, as well as in A549 cells. In addition, both C11 and C12 clones displayed time-dependent, divergent differentiation predominantly toward type II epithelium and nonciliated bronchiolar and bronchial cells. Surfactant isolated from either C11 or C12 cells revealed reduced content of disaturated phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol when compared to human surfactant; however, a 95,000-dalton peptide immunologically related to HSAG was identified in surfactant from C11 cells but not from the PAP-negative C12 clone. Tumor xenografts produced in athymic (nude) mice following inoculation with cells from C11 and C12 clones exhibited prominent immunoperoxidase staining involving most tumor cells. Cell lines derived from these xenografts (T-11 and T-12) were also enriched in PAP-positive cells. Immunoelectron microscopy indicated that HSAG was localized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, multivesicular bodies (MVB), intermediate MVB-lamellar forms, and abnormal pleomorphic inclusions. Moreover, two HSAG peptides, both larger than the 34,000-dalton peptide subunit found in normal human surfactant, were present in cells and media from monolayers of the T-11 cell line. We conclude that A549 cells synthesize "defective" HSAG and that the synthesis may be modulated by host factors. The results indicate that appropriate A549 clones can be used effectively as model systems for selected type II cell dysfunctions.