Showing papers by "Utsunomiya University published in 1995"
TL;DR: The simulation of the laser-plasma interaction revealed the existence of ultrahigh-gradient wake fields excited due to self-modulation of the lasers pulse and its electron acceleration, consistent with the experimental results.
Abstract: A laser pulse with a power of $\ensuremath{\sim}3$ TW and a duration of 1 ps has been focused onto a gas. Ultrahigh-gradient electron acceleration has been observed in the laser-produced plasma with a density of $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{19}$ c${\mathrm{m}}^{\char21{}3}$ when injecting 1 MeV $/c$ electrons. The simulation of the laser-plasma interaction revealed the existence of ultrahigh-gradient wake fields excited due to self-modulation of the laser pulse and its electron acceleration, consistent with the experimental results.
291 citations
TL;DR: The goal of this paper is to replace probabilistic or deterministic considerations in the project network analysis by possibilistic ones and to reduce the difficulty arising from the inexact and insufficient information of activity times.
111 citations
01 Sep 1995
TL;DR: In this article, the authors address an earliness/tardiness scheduling problem in identical parallel machine system with an objective of minimizing the maximum weighted absolute lateness and apply genetic algorithms to solve this problem.
Abstract: In this paper, we address an earliness/tardiness scheduling problem in identical parallel machine system with an objective of minimizing the maximum weighted absolute lateness. Genetic algorithms are applied to solve this problem. The performance of proposed procedure is compared with exiting heuristic procedure on randomly generated test problems. The results show that the proposed approach performs well for this problem.
89 citations
TL;DR: The concept of fuzzy due-time is suggested to use to replace the concept of time window because it can describe customers preference better than fixed time-window.
Abstract: 1050 preference very well. Even though customers are asked to provide a fixed time window for service, they really hope to be served at a desired time if possible, We call such a desired time the due-time, In such case, the preference information of customers can be naturally represented as a convex fuzzy number with respect to the satisfaction for service time, In the paper, we suggest to use the concept of fuzzy due-time to replace the concept of time window because it can describe customers preference better than fixed time-window. Thus we can use the mathematics of fuzzy calculus to handle these imprecise descriptions of cus-
73 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the occurrence of a new brassinosteroid of (22S,24R)-3β,22-dihydroxy-5α-ergostan-6, named cathasterone, was demonstrated by a GC-MS analysis in cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus.
Abstract: The occurrence of a new brassinosteroid of (22S,24R)-3β,22-dihydroxy-5α-ergostan-6-one, named cathasterone, was demonstrated by a GC-MS analysis in cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus. Its endogenous level was in the range of 2–4 ng/g fw, similar to those of brassinolide and castasterone. A feeding experiment with a deuterium-labeled substrate revealed that cathasterone was converted to teasterone and typhasterol. This is the first report of the natural occurrence of cathasterone as a brassinosteroid being the biosynthetic precursor of teasterone.
70 citations
TL;DR: Brassinolide and its related compounds, brassinosteroids, applied at the early stages of conditioning shortened the conditioning period required before clover broomrape seeds would germinate after exposure to germination stimulants, such as dl-strigol and natural stimulants from red clover root exudate.
Abstract: Brassinolide [2α, 3α, 22R,23R-tetrahydroxy-24S-methyl-B-homo-7-oxa-5-α-cholestan-6-one] and its related compounds, brassinosteroids, applied at the early stages of conditioning shortened the conditioning period required before clover broomrape seeds would germinate after exposure to germination stimulants, such as dl-strigol and natural stimulants from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) root exudate. Brassinosteroids applied after conditioning increased the rate of the seed germination induced by these stimulants. The inhibitory effect of light on seed germination when it was induced by dl-strigol could be overcome by brassinosteroids. Brassinosteroids also eliminated the inhibitory effects of light and dl-strigol applied at the early stages of conditioning. GA3 was also effective in causing seed conditioning and increased the rate of the germination induced by these stimulants. There was a relationship between brassinosteroids and GA3 in many of the experiments conducted. These findings may have practical implications in increasing the effectiveness of applying germination stimulants in the field to soils for ‘suicidal germination’ of broomrape seeds.
68 citations
TL;DR: 6-deoxocathasterone, a putative biosynthetic intermediate in the late C6-oxidation pathway, was identified as an endogenous brassinosteroid, indicating that 6- deoxocastasterone is converted to castasterone via 6alpha-hydroxycastasterone.
64 citations
TL;DR: An approximate expression for E, which can be applicable even to small-radius semiconducting tubules, is presented and it is shown that the E is well correlated with a fraction of the \ensuremath{\sigma} component in the wave functions for the conduction-band bottom and valence-band top.
Abstract: The effect of the mixing between \ensuremath{\pi} and \ensuremath{\sigma} orbitals upon the energy gaps (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{g}}$'s) of semiconducting carbon nanotubules has been theoretically studied within the tight-binding approximation. The magnitude of a chirality-dependent energy gap (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\theta}}}$) has been estimated. This term cannot be neglected for tubules with a small radius. The relation of ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{g}}$ to R, ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{g}}$\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathit{R}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, no longer holds for small-radius tubules. An approximate expression for ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{g}}$, which can be applicable even to small-radius semiconducting tubules, is presented. In addition, it is shown that the ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\theta}}}$ is well correlated with a fraction of the \ensuremath{\sigma} component in the wave functions for the conduction-band bottom and valence-band top.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new scheme for lensed fibers with a long working distance was proposed for alignment-free coupling between arrayed laser diodes and an array of single-mode fibers.
Abstract: A new scheme is proposed for lensed fibers with a long working distance, as used in the coupling between laser diodes and single-mode fibers. The scheme consists of the combination of a hemispherically-ended coreless-fiber tip and an expanded-core fiber. The working distance is measured as 169 /spl mu/m with a relatively low coupling-loss of 4.2 dB at a wavelength of 1.49 /spl mu/m. Tolerances for a 1-dB loss increment for axial-, lateral-, and angular-misalignment are 35, 2.6 /spl mu/m, and 0.8 degrees, respectively. The new configuration is suitable for alignment-free coupling between arrayed laser diodes and an array of single-mode fibers. >
59 citations
TL;DR: The two genes are organized as an operon, phaA-phaB, in P. denitrificans, and NADH was preferred to NADPH as a cofactor of acetoacetyl-CoA reductase.
Abstract: The β-ketothiolase gene (phaA) and acetoacetyl-CoA reductase gene (phaB) were isolated from Paracoccus denitrificans. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that they encoded proteins of 391 amino acids with a molecular mass of 40744 Da and of 242 amino acids with a molecular mass of 25614 Da, respectively. The predicted gene products exhibited high amino acid identities with those from other bacteria: 64.4–74.0% for the phaA gene product and 47.6–80.6% for the phaB gene product, respectively. Both genes were co-transcribed in a recombinant Escherichia coli. In addition, promoter activity was detected upstream of the phaA gene. Hence, the two genes are organized as an operon, phaA-phaB, in P. denitrificans. NADH was preferred to NADPH as a cofactor of acetoacetyl-CoA reductase.
55 citations
TL;DR: Biological activity of intermediate steroids in the biosynthesis of brassinolide was examined by the rice-lamina inclination test and wheat-leaf unrolling test and the introduction of a hydroxyl group in the side chain strikingly enhanced the activity.
Abstract: Biological activity of intermediate steroids in the biosynthesis of brassinolide was examined by the rice-lamina inclination test and wheat-leaf unrolling test. In both bioassays, biological activity of intermediates increased according to the order in the biosynthetic pathway. The introduction of a hydroxyl group in the side chain (C-22), the step of 6-oxocampestanol to cathasterone, strikingly enhanced the activity. The activities of teasterone, 3-dehydroteasterone, and typhasterol were almost the same. Relative activities in the rice-lamina inclination test were as follows: 6-oxocampestanol (0.002), cathasterone (1), teasterone (20), castasterone (240), and brassinolide (1200).
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The clinical implication is that vocal effort must be controlled in order to obtain consistent clinical measures, and day-to-day variability must be taken into account if representative measures are to be obtained for clinical use.
TL;DR: In this article, a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) sensor, consisting of a Pb(−)|NaOH|Pt|O 2 (+) electric cell, was constructed.
Aichi University of Education1, University of California, Davis2, Carnegie Mellon University3, Chonnam National University4, Fermilab5, Gifu University6, Gyeongsang National University7, Kansas State University8, Kindai University9, Kobe University10, Korea University11, Nagoya Institute of Technology12, Nagoya University13, Ohio State University14, Okayama University15, University of Oklahoma16, Osaka City University17, Toho University18, Utsunomiya University19, Wonkwang University20
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for charm hadron decays into two muons plus one or more hadrons has been carried out using a hybrid emulsion spectrometer, which is sensitive to modes with missing neutrals, e.g. π0μ+μ− and ϱ±μ+m−, as well as to constrained modes having visible invariant masses equal to those of charm states.
TL;DR: In this paper, the microwave response of an array of intrinsic Josephson junctions in the c-axis direction in large Bi/sub 2/Sr/Sub 2/CaCu/sub 1/O/sub 7/BSCCO single crystals was studied under the 8-10 GHz microwave irradiation.
Abstract: We have studied the microwave response of an array of intrinsic Josephson junctions in the c-axis direction in large Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 7/ (BSCCO) single crystals indicating multiple resistive branches on the I-V characteristics. Under the 8-10 GHz microwave irradiation, they showed three types of responses depending on its power P. For relatively low P, the Shapiro steps were observed, whose voltage separations were two order magnitude larger than that calculated from /spl Delta/V=hf/2e, indicating that about one hundred intrinsic junctions in the crystal are phase-locked. For high P, two types of RF-induced steps were observed. In the case of resonance mode, the I-V curve showed the pronounced constant voltage step together with subharmonic ones. On the other hand, for off-resonance mode the broad step was observed. The voltages of these steps increased lineally with p/sup 1/2/. These results suggest that the fluxon motions in intrinsic Josephson junctions interact with external RF field. >
TL;DR: Ten new (+)-hydroxybutanolides, linderanolides A-E and iso linder ethanolides A -E, along with one known one have been isolated from the leaves of Lindera glauca.
TL;DR: In this paper, three new compounds, along with four known ones, have been isolated from the seeds of Iris pallasii, based on spectroscopic methods and chemical evidence.
TL;DR: It is suggested that a moderate concentration of ecdysteroid can induce cell proliferation followed by imaginal differentiation in lepidopteran wing discs in vitro, as well as in vivo.
Abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate the range of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE) concentrations which induce cell proliferation and imaginal differentiation in lepidopteran wing discs in vitro. Wing discs were cultured in medium containing various doses of 20HE. During imaginal differentiation in vitro, wing discs were observed histologically and the number of mitosis was counted every day. Wing discs differentiated adult features in medium containing 0.02–0.2 μg/mL 20HE, and these doses also increased the number of mitosis in disc cells. Wing discs developed the same in vitro as they do in vivo. The concentration of 20HE over 0.2 μg/mL inhibited both mitosis and imaginal differentiation. Cell proliferation, cuticle deposition and tissue elongation were successively observed in vitro the same as observed in vivo. These results suggest that a moderate concentration of ecdysteroid can induce cell proliferation followed by imaginal differentiation.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the energy distribution curves near the Fermi level on V 2 O 3 above and below the critical temperature of the metal-insulator transition and found that the band gap was about 0.2 eV.
Abstract: Photoelectron energy distribution curves near the Fermi level have been measured on V 2 O 3 above and below the critical temperature of the metal-insulator transition. In insulating phase, the band gap was found to be about 0.2 eV, which is consistent with the other experimental results. A clear Fermi edge, which becomes sharp at lower temperature, is found in the metallic phase. The 3d spectral feature is discussed in relation to the recent quantum-Monte-Carlo calculation. Resonant photoemission shows the hybridization effect is also important for the spectral feature.
01 Sep 1995
TL;DR: An implementation of genetic algorithms to solve the Film-copy Deliverer Problem is developed and the results show that genetic algorithms can be a promising way for this problem.
Abstract: Film-copy Deliverer Problem (short for the FDP) can be regarded as a new extension of traveling salesman problem. It has been proven that FDP is a NP hard problem and several heuristic algorithms have been reported. In this paper, we develop an implementation of genetic algorithms to solve this problem. A deliverer tour can be represented as a walk on a graph, which is a natural coding scheme. A subtour preservation crossover is proposed in order to maintain building blocks in the offspring in much the same manner as Holland described. Mutation is designed with local search techniques intending to generate the improved offspring. The proposed procedure is tested on randomly generated problems and the results show that genetic algorithms can be a promising way for this problem.
TL;DR: A new type of restoration of macroscopic isotropy (homogenization) in fractals with microscopic anisotropy is reported, which is absent in spaces with translational invariance and observed in a wide class of fractals.
Abstract: We report a new type of restoration of macroscopic isotropy (homogenization) in fractals with microscopic anisotropy. The phenomenon is observed in various physical setups, including diffusions, random walks, resistor networks, and Gaussian field theories. The mechanism is unique in that it is absent in spaces with translational invariance, while universal in that it is observed in a wide class of fractals.
TL;DR: In this article, the energy gap of semiconducting graphitic tubules with radius R and chiral angle θ is studied from an analytical approach based on the tight-binding approximation, to find out its dependence on their chirality.
TL;DR: Four new enediones, belamcandones A-D, have been isolated from the seeds of Belamcanda chinensis and are concluded to be 4a,8-dihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxy- 1,4-dioxo-1,4,4a,9b- tetrahydrodibenzofurans having two alkyl side-chains at the C- 9 and C-9b positions.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the carbon skeletons of essential amino acids are mainly utilized for body protein synthesis, but significant amounts of their carbons are oxidized to expired carbon dioxide for energy production, and that the metabolic responses of these amino acids to dietary protein level change at around 20 PC%, where the growth rate reached its approximate maximum.
Abstract: The metabolic fates of the carbon skeletons of essential amino acids were investigated in growing rats fed on diets containing graded percentages of protein calories (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 PC%) using soybean protein isolate at 4,100 kcal of metabolizable energy per kg of diet. The incorporation of 14C into the body protein 12 h after the intraperitoneal injection of labeled essential amino acids was more than 60% of the dose in the 5 to 10 PC% groups, but it began to decline gradually in the higher PC% groups. The expired 14CO2 production from labeled threonine, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, and lysine increased linearly with increasing levels of dietary soybean protein, but the rate of increase in the 14CO2 production was lower in the higher PC% groups. In comparison, the 14CO2 production from methionine, histidine, and arginine decreased in the 5 to 15 PC% groups, and it increased linearly in the higher PC% groups. The extent of 14CO2 production varied among the essential amino acids in each dietary group. These results indicate that the carbon skeletons of essential amino acids are mainly utilized for body protein synthesis, but significant amounts of their carbons are oxidized to expired carbon dioxide for energy production, and that the metabolic responses of these amino acids to dietary protein level change at around 20 PC%, where the growth rate reached its approximate maximum. The utilization of individual essential amino acids in rats fed on the soybean protein diets changed markedly as compared to those on purified whole egg protein diets, the results of which have been reported elsewhere.
TL;DR: Using gas chromatographic analyses, a full set of major sesquiterpenes was detected in the essential oils recovered from virus-free patchouli plants.
Abstract: For the production of virus-free patchouli (Pogostemon cablin), isolated meristem tips were cultured on a medium supplemented with 0.2 ppm 6-benzylaminopurine. Multiple shoot proliferation was initiated during the culture. Complete plantlets were regenerated by transferring multiple shoots to a medium devoid of phytohormones. Plantlets thus produced were transplanted to soil with a high rate of survival and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to check elimination of patchouli mild mosaic virus. Following further propagation by stem cuttings, virus-free plants were grown in the northern and southern parts of Mindanao Island, Philippines. Significant increases in biomass and essential oil yield were observed in virus-free plants grown at both localities. Using gas chromatographic analyses, a full set of major sesquiterpenes was detected in the essential oils recovered from virus-free patchouli plants. Reinfection of healthy clones with the virus took place within 4 months of cultivation in the field.
TL;DR: The data were interpreted as indicating a selective and specific cleavage of the Dl protein triggered by binding of PNO8 to the QB site, and the results were discussed in relation to the features of proteolytic degradation of the DI protein in photoinhibition.
TL;DR: In this article, the electronic structure of CeB 6 was analyzed in terms of the single impurity Anderson model, which manifests the dense Kondo behavior of the electronic structures of the structure.
Abstract: Ce 3 d XPS and 4 d -4 f resonant photoemission spectra were measured and adopted to study the electronic structure of CeB 6 . Observed spectra were analyzed in terms of the single impurity Anderson model, which manifests the dense Kondo behavior of the electronic structure of CeB 6 . The low energy excitations which appear in photoemission spectra were discussed based on the 4 d -4 f resonant photoemission spectra measured with an energy resolution of 78 meV.