Vattenfall

About: Vattenfall is a company organization based out in Stockholm, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Wind power & Combustion. The organization has 685 authors who have published 857 publications receiving 18912 citations. The organization is also known as: Vattenfall AB & Kungliga Vattenfallstyrelsen.

The Ukrainian pilot project “Stop radon”

Abstract: In 2010 one area of Ukraine (Kirovograd area) was selected for a pilot project to reduce radon risks. The project consists of several stages: radon risk training for the public health professionals, measurements of radon concentration in schools and nurseries (more than 1000 buildings were examined), justifications of radon countermeasures and their implementation. The lognormal frequency distribution for equivalent equilibrium concentration was authentically established. The geometric mean of the indoor radon equivalent equilibrium concentration was established to 63 Bq/m3, and standard deviation is equal to 82 Bq/m3. The indoor radon equivalent equilibrium concentration ranged from 22 Bq/m3 to 809 Bq/m3. It was found that the national regulatory limit for this type of buildings was exceeded in more than 50% of the cases. The second phase of the project has a goal to remediate radon levels and reduce radon risks. Calculated exposure doses and radon risk were used to justify the remediation and assess the economic loss for the region caused by radon irradiation of the population.

Organisational factors and nuclear safety - Issues to address in research and development

Abstract: The influence of organisational factors on nuclear safety has been identified in several studies. In spite of their importance no integrated approach to address them seems to have emerged. The paper starts with issues identified in the LearnSafe project to discuss how they have been addressed in research and development within Finland and Sweden and discussed their importance in a larger frame. This discussion is used to suggest a research agenda for what could be called a midfield approach, where utility and regulatory needs could be combined. The paper serves at an introduction to the discussion part of the special session on Organisational learning and learning organisations - the LearnSafe project three years after.

NOx Formation, Control and Reduction Techniques

Abstract: The formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in combustion systems is an important environmental concern. The control of NOx emissions and modern reduction techniques is based on worldwide investigations performed in this field. In this chapter, developments in the understanding of nitrogen chemistry in flames during the pas twenty years following the seminal studies of Miller and Bowman [1] are summarized. The different routes of NOx formation, including the newly proposed NNH route and prompt-NO via NCN and other precursors, are discussed. The results of recent laboratory studies on NOx control through reburning are also detailed. Other approaches for NOx control, including low-NOx burners, flue gas recirculation, and over-fire air, are also outlined. Of special and practical interest are the selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) techniques; these include ammonia-based, urea-based, ammonium carbonate-based SNCRs, and additive-enhanced SNCR. An example of nitrogen-containing additives for the simultaneous reduction of NOx and minimization of corrosion is presented. Finally, potential future developments and areas of use of these reduction techniques are discussed. Keywords: Nitrogen oxides; NOx control; selective noncatalytic reduction