Vattenfall

About: Vattenfall is a company organization based out in Stockholm, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Wind power & Combustion. The organization has 685 authors who have published 857 publications receiving 18912 citations. The organization is also known as: Vattenfall AB & Kungliga Vattenfallstyrelsen.

Where is the entrepreneur in electricity transmission expansion

Abstract: Electricity transmission infrastructure has a fundamental role in the process of integrating national electricity markets in Europe to a single market. Transmission expansion takes place within institutional frameworks that sets the conditions for expansions. So far, most of the transmission business has been organised under the centralised and regulated transmission system operators (TSOs). This is motivated for reliability and grid access reasons. However, a strictly centralised approach to transmission expansion may not be capable of meeting the needs of the market. Central planners cannot incorporate all relevant information and knowledge about the market and its unexploited opportunities. Market participants have context specific knowledge that generates entrepreneurial actions and innovations. This is an essential driving force of markets and it needs to be included in transmission development. The strong interdependency aspect of grid expansions does require some form of common governance. However, for the electricity market to develop, it is also likely that it requires the decentralised actions of entrepreneurial market actors. Can both of these requirements be met? This paper elaborates on several key determinants for developing a market friendly infrastructure without losing control.

Model-based Lifetime Analysis of 2nd-life Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems for Stationary Applications

Abstract: For determination of battery storage business cases key decision criteria are lifetime and State of Health (SoH), in addition to investment costs, operating costs and revenues. The lifetime and SoH strongly depend on operating conditions, such as number of equivalent full cycles (EFC), operating battery cell temperature, Depth of Discharge (DoD), C-rate and State of Charge (SoC). Those can vary depending on operating strategy and chosen application. In this analysis the lifetime of 2nd-life lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery energy storage systems (BESS) are examined and evaluated, depending on various stationary applications. Avoiding the expenses for battery cell parameterization, an improved methodology based on weighted Ah-Throughput (AhTp) and Fuzzy Logic is used to apply qualitative statements of experts into quantitative values. The investigation is carried out by using MATLAB Simulink including application-related load profiles. Based on the results statements for lifetime expectations are given.

SURVEILLANCE AND DIAGNOSTICS OF THE BEAM MODE VIBRATIONS OF THE RINGHALS PWRs

Abstract: Surveillance of core barrel vibrations has been performed in the Swedish Ringhals PWRs for several years. This surveillance is focused mainly on the pendular motion of the core barrel, which is known as the beam mode. The monitoring of the beam mode has suggested that its amplitude increases along the cycle and decreases after refuelling. In the last 5 years several measurements have been taken in order to understand this behaviour. Besides, a non-linear fitting procedure has been implemented in order to better distinguish the different components of vibration. By using this fitting procedure, two modes of vibration have been identified in the frequency range of the beam mode. Several results coming from the trend analysis performed during these years indicate that one of the modes is due to the core barrel motion itself and the other is due to the individual flow induced vibrations of the fuel elements. In this work, the latest results of this monitoring are presented.

Load flexibility of household customers with real time consumption data and automatic control of electric heating systems

Abstract: Smart Customer Gotland is the market test within research and development project Smart Grid Gotland. The market test comprises almost 300 customers with electric residential heating, such as water boiler, electric heater, direct electric heating, electric floor heating and/or heat pump. About 50 of these customers are, in similarity to the larger part of the group, equipped with technical equipment for real time monitoring of the electricity consumption but lack the additional equipment for control of the heating system. The price signal consists of a reinforced spot exchange price for electric power, time of use grid tariff and a wind component, uniquely designed Smart Customer Gotland, in order to increase the Demand for electricity in situations of high production. The primary ambition with the market test was to offer a technical and economic solution that attracts a large number of participants. The market test should give an active customer possibility to save money by shifting load towards periods when electricity are cheaper. The load shift should, at least theoretically, correspond to the overall goal of the project - to increase of Gotland's capacity to host renewable power production. The market test started in late autumn 2013 and has, according to midterm analyses, so far been a veritable success. It still is too early to make statements on changes in consumption on a household level. But on an aggregated level it is clear that the consumption is both lowered and has shifted towards low price periods. The involvement and appreciation of the participating customers has exceeded every expectation. A large part of the customers has decided to keep the service, including the technical equipment, at own expense, after the end of the project. This paper will discuss the market test from a load flexibility view point - how to attract, maintain and decommission active customers and expected level of activity of different categories of customers. The paper will also include positive experiences, such as sudden increase in customer satisfaction index, and challenges, such as high demand for technical support.