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TL;DR: This study aimed to answer the following questions: does a ventilator-assisted breath reduce neural inspiratory time, reduce the amplitude of the diaphragm electrical activity, and prolong neural expiration, within the delivered breath?
Abstract: Mechanical ventilation may interfere with the spontaneous breathing pattern in infants because they have strong reflexes that play a large role in the control of breathing. This study aimed to answer the following questions: does a ventilator-assisted breath 1) reduce neural inspiratory time, 2) reduce the amplitude of the diaphragm electrical activity, and 3) prolong neural expiration, within the delivered breath? In 14 infants recovering from acute respiratory failure (mean age and weight were 2.3 +/- 1.3 mo and 3.95 +/- 0.82 kg, respectively), we measured 1) the electrical activity of the diaphragm with a multiple-array esophageal electrode, and 2) airway opening pressure, while patients breathed on synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (mean rate, 11.2 +/- 6.5 breaths/min). We compared neural inspiratory and expiratory times for the mandatory breaths and for the spontaneous breaths immediately preceding and following the mandatory breath. Although neural inspiratory time was not different between mandatory and spontaneous breaths, neural expiratory time was significantly increased (p < 0.001) for the mandatory breaths (953 +/- 449 ms) compared with the premandatory and postmandatory spontaneous breaths (607 +/- 268 ms and 560 +/- 227 ms, respectively). Delivery of the mandatory breath resulted in a reduction in neural respiratory frequency by 28.6 +/- 6.4% from the spontaneous premandatory frequency. The magnitude of inspiratory electrical activity of the diaphragm was similar for all three breath conditions. For the mandatory breaths, ventilatory assist persisted for 507 +/- 169 ms after the end of neural inspiratory time. Infant-ventilator asynchrony (both inspiratory and expiratory asynchrony) was present in every mandatory breath and constituted 53.4 +/- 26.2% of the total breath duration.
72 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on delineation the gully affected areas and characterization of geo-environmental factors in order to prevent future gully erosion in West Bengal in India.
Abstract: The gully erosion is the most serious environmental problem in West Bengal in India. Present study focused on delineation the gully affected areas and characterization of geo-environmental factor in the gully affected region to prevent future problems. Ground investigation and geo-spatial data along with bivariate statistical approach were employed to identity the most crucial factors among lithology, dynamic and slope inclination, landuse, aspect, plan curvature, stream power index, topographical wetness index and length-slope factor and also understand the most dominant class of each factor associated the gully erosion in the area under study. All the information were integrated into geographical information system platform and categorized in zones of very high, high, moderate, and low gully erosion susceptibility. Weight index overlay method is used to validate the gully proneness map. Results showed land use factor (barren land and waste land), slope (>20°), topographical wetness index values (>1.2), length-slope index (>4.00), fragments of pebbles, boulder and gravels, older alluvium and lateritic soil play important roles in gully processes. Model validation indicated that the resulting map of areas prone to gully erosion has a prediction accuracy of 88.25 %. The methodology adopted for gully erosion proneness mapping can be exercised in other gully vulnerability areas that
could be an excellent approach to defend the natural resources and progress in the land use conservation.
72 citations
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TL;DR: This work overviews the literature examining a role of androgens in the etiology of breast cancer and concludes that expression of the androgen receptor is a positive prognostic factor.
72 citations
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TL;DR: Development of external monitoring using fMRI‐compatible infrared cameras and image‐based coregistration is described, with good agreement, in particular reducing signals correlated with millimeter task‐correlated motions by 50–100%, with a 5% difference between the two techniques.
Abstract: Coregistration is essential for correcting head motion artifacts in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Coregistration algorithms typically realign images through optimization of a similarity measure based on voxel signal intensities. However, coregistration can also be performed through external monitoring, whereby a tracking device measures head motion directly and independently of the imaging data. This paper describes development of external monitoring using fMRI-compatible infrared cameras. Three subjects participated in block-design fMRI experiments consisting of bilateral finger tapping alone and tapping combined with visuomotor tracking to produce controlled task-correlated head motion. Functional MRI time-series were coregistered using the external monitoring technique and a known image-based algorithm for comparison. Over various performance characteristics, external monitoring and image-based coregistration exhibited good agreement, in particular reducing signals correlated with millimeter task-correlated motions by 50-100%, with a 5% difference between the two techniques. These results promise future applications and refinements of external monitoring in patient populations where head motion is especially problematic. Possibilities include 3D prospective coregistration during real-time fMRI, coregistration of individual slices, and motion correction in anatomic MRI.
72 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a well-defined dumbbell shaped ZnO was synthesized by hydrothermal method and a simple solution mixing method with the different rGO loading amount.
71 citations
Authors
Showing all 4552 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Paul G. Richardson | 183 | 1533 | 155912 |
Steven A. Narod | 134 | 970 | 84638 |
Peter C. Austin | 112 | 657 | 60156 |
Sandra E. Black | 104 | 681 | 51755 |
Michael B. Yaffe | 102 | 379 | 41663 |
Jeffrey S. Ginsberg | 101 | 343 | 37014 |
Robert S. Kerbel | 101 | 360 | 43411 |
Kathleen I. Pritchard | 96 | 534 | 55670 |
Aditya K. Gupta | 86 | 695 | 26368 |
Soo-Jin Park | 86 | 1282 | 37204 |
Amiram Gafni | 85 | 575 | 31319 |
Hiroo Imura | 83 | 781 | 29276 |
Muhammad Mamdani | 83 | 441 | 28319 |
Gillian A. Hawker | 82 | 309 | 35570 |
Andrew R. Willan | 80 | 346 | 30215 |