Showing papers in "Acta Radiologica in 2012"
TL;DR: Comparing digital mammography and DBT in a side-by-side feature analysis for cancer conspicuity shows that there is a potential for increasing the sensitivity using this new technique, especially for cancers manifesting as spiculated masses and distortions.
Abstract: BackgroundDigital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a promising new technology. Some experimental clinical studies have shown positive results, but the future role and indications of this new technique, whether in a screening or clinical setting, need to be evaluated.PurposeTo compare digital mammography and DBT in a side-by-side feature analysis for cancer conspicuity, and to assess whether there is a potential additional value of DBT to standard state-of-the-art conventional imaging work-up with respect to detection of additional malignancies.Material and MethodsThe study had ethics committee approval. A total of 129 women underwent 2D digital mammography including supplementary cone-down and magnification views and breast ultrasonography if indicated, as well as digital breast tomosynthesis. The indication for conventional imaging in the clinical setting included a palpable lump in 30 (23%), abnormal mammographic screening findings in 54 (42%), and surveillance in 45 (35%) of the women. The women were exam...
138 citations
TL;DR: Synthetic MRI, a method to generate conventional images based on MR quantification, potentially both decreases examination time and enables quantitative measurements and can potentially shorten the MR examination time.
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has relatively long scan times for routine examinations, and the signal intensity of the images is related to the specific MR scanner settin ...
101 citations
TL;DR: ADC values provide a non-invasive means to predict the nuclear grade and histological subtype of RCCs and to identify the tumor attributes contributing to variation in ADC values.
Abstract: BackgroundThough previous investigators have attempted to evaluate its utility in characterization of focal renal lesions, diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DW MRI) in renal diseases is still an evolv...
89 citations
TL;DR: C cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) could evaluate all relevant anatomic structures and answer the questions of different anatomical variants in the sphenoid sinus.
Abstract: BackgroundThe sphenoid sinus is a frequent target of paranasal sinus surgery. Because of the high risk of injuring the surrounding structures (e.g. internal carotid artery, optical nerve) a preoperative imaging is absolutely necessary.PurposeTo analyze the possibilities of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), which is especially quite a new technique in ENT, in the evaluation of the sphenoid sinus, its surrounding structures, and the corresponding anatomical variations.Material and MethodsThis was a retrospective, single-centre study of 580 patients (1160 sides = cases). The Accu-I-Tomo-F17 was used. Pneumatization of sphenoid sinus, course of internal artery, course of optical nerve, and dehiscence of the bony canals were evaluated.ResultsIn the case of pneumatization a type I (completely missing or minimal sphenoid sinus) was found in two patients (0.3%), type II (posterior wall of sphenoid sinus is in front of the anterior wall of the sella) in 38 patients (6.6%), type III (posterior wall is between a...
85 citations
TL;DR: Investigating if apparent diffusion coefficient measurements based on diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (DW-EPI) may distinguish between normal pancreas parenchyma, mass-forming focal pancreatitis, and Pancreas carcinoma found there is an overlap in values of PC andmass-forming FP, with the consequent problem of their correct identification.
Abstract: BackgroundMass-forming focal pancreatitis (FP) may mimic pancreatic cancer (PC) on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and the preoperative differential diagnosis is often difficult. Recently, the usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer has been reported in several studies.PurposeTo investigate if apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements based on diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (DW-EPI) may distinguish between normal pancreas parenchyma, mass-forming focal pancreatitis, and pancreas carcinoma.Material and MethodsMRI was performed on 64 patients: 24 with pancreas carcinoma (PC), 20 with mass-forming focal pancreatitis (FP), three patients with other focal pancreatic disease as well as 17 controls without any known pancreatic disease. Diffusion-weighted sequence with ADC maps and T2-weighted sequence for anatomical information was performed. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were automatically created and analyzed using a dedicated user inter...
71 citations
TL;DR: Careful observation for skin injury is needed following percutaneous coronary intervention, and at a few days following PCI, early erythema can be detected through careful observation by well-trained staff, but after that, follow-up every 6 months is needed to detect the reappearance of ery thema.
Abstract: BackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) offers great benefit that could improve a patient's quality of life. However, numerous case reports of patient radiation injury resulting from PCI...
65 citations
TL;DR: This study confirms the association of several classic imaging findings with IIH and supports widening of the foramen ovale as an additional imaging marker which may be incorporated into the evaluation of patients suspected to have this condition.
Abstract: BackgroundIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a clinical disorder of unknown etiology manifesting with increased intracranial pressure in the absence of hydrocephalus, an underlying mass lesion, and demonstrating normal cerebrospinal fluid composition. IIH may exhibit several non-specific imaging findings including: an empty sella, posterior globe flattening, tortuosity of the optic nerve, and optic nerve sheath distention.PurposeTo introduce widening of the foramen ovale as a new imaging marker for IIH.Material and MethodsIIH is a syndrome which may exhibit several previously described non-specific imaging findings including: an empty sella, posterior globe flattening, tortuosity of the optic nerve, and optic nerve sheath distention. We hypothesize that chronically elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure can lead to osseous erosions and we propose widening of the foramen ovale as a new imaging marker for IIH.ResultsAverage foramen ovale sizes were increased in patients with IIH compared to contro...
59 citations
TL;DR: In a large proportion of breasts the compression plate did not provide optimal compression of the breast, the compression force being absorbed in juxtathoracic structures.
Abstract: Background: Breast compression is important in mammography in order to improve image quality, better separate tissue components, and reduce absorbed dose to the breast. In this study we use a method to measure and visualize the distribution of pressure over a compressed breast in mammography. Purpose: To measure and describe the pressure distribution over the breast as a result of applied breast compression in mammography. Material and Methods: One hundred and three women aged 40.7-74.3 years (median, 48.9 years) invited for mammographic screening consented to take part in this study. They were subjected to two additional breast compressions of the left breast (standard force and approximately 50% reduction). Pressure images of the compressed breast were obtained using force sensing resistor (FSR) sensors placed underneath the compression plate. Subjects rated their experience of pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: Four pressure patterns were identified, fitting 81 of the 103 breasts, which were grouped accordingly. The remaining 22 breasts were found to correspond to a combination of any two patterns. Two groups (43 breasts) showed pressure mainly over the juxtathoracic part of the breast, had significantly greater breast thickness (P = 0.003) and had a lower mean pressure over dense tissue (P < 0.0001) than those with more evenly distributed pressure. Reducing compression force increased average breast thickness by 1.8 mm (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The distribution of pressure differed greatly between breasts. In a large proportion of breasts the compression plate did not provide optimal compression of the breast, the compression force being absorbed in juxtathoracic structures. (Less)
55 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that FDG PET/CT and PET have reasonable sensitivity in evaluating response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer; however, the specificity is relative low.
Abstract: BackgroundNeoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly the treatment for patients with inoperable breast cancer. Considering the side-effects of chemotherapy, there is a need for early evaluating response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.PurposeTo determinate the diagnostic performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose position emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) and FDG PET for evaluating response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.Material and Methods“PubMed” (MEDLINE included) database, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for relevant articles. We assessed the methodological quality of included study with Quality Assessment of Diagnosis Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) score tool, and used “Meta-DiSc” statistic software to obtain pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and summary receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) curve.ResultsSeventeen studies (a total of 781 subjects) met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensit...
55 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that there is a significant higher number of B-lines in the lungs of patients with dyspnea compared to healthy subjects and to pneumonectomized patients, and that the quantification ofB-lines does not make any significant contribution to the differential diagnosis of Dyspnea.
Abstract: BackgroundRecent reports indicate that numerical assessment of B-lines during transthoracic ultrasound may aid the differential diagnosis of acute diffuse pleuropulmonary disorders.PurposeTo determ...
52 citations
TL;DR: Metaplastic carcinomas might display more benign features and less axillary lymph node metastasis than IDC and high signal intensity on T2 MRI images and hormone receptor negativity would be helpful in differentiating this tumor from other breast cancers.
Abstract: BackgroundMetaplastic carcinomas are ductal carcinomas that display metaplastic transformation of the glandular epithelium to non-glandular mesenchymal tissue. Metaplastic carcinoma has a poorer pr...
TL;DR: The value of ultrasound (US) examination in identifying chronic ATFL injury is investigated and it is found that it is a reliable and accurate method to evaluate chronic AtFL injury.
Abstract: BackgroundAnterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injury is a commonly seen sports-related injury and a major underlying pathology of chronic ankle instability. However, it is difficult to accurately identify chronic injury of the ATFL.PurposeTo investigate the value of ultrasound (US) examination in identifying chronic ATFL injury.Material and MethodsWe evaluated 83 consecutive patients who underwent US examination for diagnosis of the ATFL injury and subsequent ankle arthroscopy. The arthroscopic findings were used as the reference standard.ResultsForty-four patients were found to have ATFL injury on arthroscopy. The accuracy of US examination for the detection of ATFL injury was 95.2%, with sensitivity of 97.7%, specificity of 92.3%, positive predictive value of 93.5%, negative predictive value of 97.3%, positive likelihood ratio of 12.7, and negative likelihood ratio of 0.025.ConclusionUS examination is a reliable and accurate method to evaluate chronic ATFL injury.
TL;DR: Though more accurate compared to ultrasound for evaluating the axillary lymph node status FDG-PET/CT is only as sensitive as ultrasound when it comes to the detection of axillary node metastases.
Abstract: BackgroundFDG-PET/CT is increasingly being used for breast cancer staging. Its diagnostic accuracy in comparison to ultrasound as the standard non-invasive imaging modality for the evaluation of ax...
TL;DR: MRI is as accurate as CT in detection and size measurement of primary thoracic malignancies >1 cm in diameter and detection rate of MRI for small lesions is improved using a multi-sequence protocol including contrast administration.
Abstract: BackgroundAlthough CT is the modality of choice for morphological lung imaging, an increasing proportion of chest imaging is performed by MRI due to the utilization of whole-body MRI. Therefore, the diagnostic performance of MRI in reliably detecting pulmonary lesions should be established.PurposeTo investigate the detection rate of pulmonary lesions by MRI that can be expected in a clinical setting and to assess the accuracy of lesion measurement by MRI compared to CT.Material and MethodsTwenty-eight patients (median age 66 years) with indication for CT imaging due to suspected thoracic malignancy were prospectively included. Chest MRI performed on the same day as CT, comprised unenhanced TrueFisp, ecg-gated T2-weighted HASTE, T1-weighted VIBE, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted, fat-saturated VIBE sequences. MR sequences were evaluated for lesion detection by two readers independently and measurement of lesion size was performed. MR findings were correlated with CT.ResultsOne hundred and eight pulmonary ...
TL;DR: In HCC detection, the diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity for gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and DWI were highest in Child-Pugh class A, followed by Child- pugh class B, and Child-pugh class C, indicating a tendency toward decreased diagnostic capability with the severity of cirrhosis.
Abstract: BackgroundAs gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have been widely used for the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is clinically relevant to determine the diagnostic efficacy of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and DWI for detection of HCCs with respect to the severity of liver cirrhosis.PurposeTo compare the diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and DWI for detection of HCCs with respect to the severity of liver cirrhosis.Material and MethodsA total of 189 patients with 240 HCCs (≤3.0 cm) (Child-Pugh A, 81 patients with 90 HCCs; Child-Pugh B, 65 patients with 85 HCCs; Child-Pugh C, 43 patients with 65 HCCs) underwent DWI and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI at 3.0 T. A gadoxetic acid set (dynamic and hepatobiliary phase plus T2-weighted image) and DWI set (DWI plus unenhanced MRIs) for each Child-Pugh class were analyzed independently by two observers for detecting HCCs using receiver-operating characteristic analys...
TL;DR: The hardness of the relaxed MG with no passive tension appears to depend on its size, which is related to muscle size, but this relationship has not yet been examined.
Abstract: BackgroundMeasurement of muscle hardness is important for objective evaluation of the muscle condition. Muscle hardness may be related to muscle size, but this relationship has not yet been examined.PurposeTo examine the relationship between the size and hardness of the medial gastrocnemius muscle (MG) at different ankle joint angles.Material and MethodsTwelve young male subjects comprised the present study. Muscle thickness of the right MG (MTMG) was measured by ultrasonography as an index of muscle size. The MTMG was determined at 30% of the lower leg length from the popliteal crease to the lateral malleolus. At the same site, muscle hardness of the right MG (MHMG) was measured with ultrasound real-time tissue elastography. Both measurements were taken while each subject was instructed to lie in a prone position on a test bench. The right ankle was secured to a handmade apparatus by a non-elastic belt, with the hip and knee joints fully extended and the ankle positioned at +30°, 0° and –20° (0°: neutral...
TL;DR: RCBF measurements normalized to white matter or cerebellum are comparable with the established rCBV measurements used for the clinical evaluation of cerebral gliomas, however, both rCBF and r CBV tended to increase with tumor grade and to be lower in patients who had undergone resection/treatment.
Abstract: BackgroundPerfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used in the evaluation of brain tumors. Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) is usually obtained by dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI using normal appearing white matter as reference region. The emerging perfusion technique arterial spin labelling (ASL) presently provides measurement only of cerebral blood flow (CBF), which has not been widely used in human brain tumor studies.PurposeTo assess if measurement of blood flow is comparable with measurement of blood volume in human biopsy-proven gliomas obtained by DSC-MRI using two different regions for normalization and two different measurement approaches.Material and MethodsRetrospective study of 61 patients with different types of gliomas examined with DSC perfusion MRI. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed in tumor portions with maximum perfusion on rCBF and rCBV maps, with contralateral normal appearing white matter and cerebellum as reference regions. Larger ROIs were drawn...
TL;DR: Cement leakage after vertebroplasty is common and is often not reported by operators in procedural dictations, but CT detects substantially more leaks than plain radiography.
Abstract: BackgroundReported incidence of extravertebral cement leakage after vertebroplasty varies widely across studies.PurposeTo retrospectively compare the relative detection rates of extravertebral leakage noted under intra-procedural fluoroscopic surveillance, postprocedure plain radiographs, and postprocedure computed tomography (CT) in a cohort of patients undergoing vertebroplasty.Material and MethodsWith IRB approval, we retrospectively identified 181 patients with 277 levels treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty among a total of 1255 patients undergoing vertebroplasty between 1999 and 2010 who had subsequently undergone a CT examination that included the treated level(s). Categories of leakage were paravertebral, end plate, epidural, and prevertebral venous leakage. CT-detected leak rates were then compared to those noted on the vertebroplasty procedure reports and the archived fluoroscopic images for this same cohort using Pearson's χ2 test.ResultsOne hundred and forty-nine (82%, 95% CI 76–87%) of 18...
TL;DR: Embolization technique or completeness has a limited effect on operative blood loss after preoperative spinal tumor embolization, according to retrospectively analyze factors affecting intraoperative blood loss in patients who had undergone spinal tumor Embolization.
Abstract: BackgroundPreoperative embolization of spinal tumors is often used to reduce blood loss from surgery. Intraoperative blood loss, even in patients who undergo embolization, is potentially multifacto...
TL;DR: When compared with conventional MRI, DTI may provide a more objective method for the differential diagnosis of SIVD and AD disease patients who have only mild white matter alterations on T2-weighted imaging.
Abstract: BackgroundDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a form of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that allows examination of the microstructural integrity of white matter in the brain. Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease, and DTI can provide indirect insights of the microstructural characteristics of brains in individuals with different forms of dementia.PurposeTo evaluate the value of DTI in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of patients with subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Material and MethodsThe study included 40 patients (20 AD patients and 20 SIVD patients) and 20 normal controls (NC). After routine MRI and DTI, fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured and compared in regions of interest (ROI).ResultsCompared to NC and AD patients, SIVD patients had lower FA values and higher ADC values in the inferior-fronto-occipital fascicles (IFOF), genu of the corpus callosum (GCC), splenium of the corpus callosu...
TL;DR: Visual assessment of MTA repeated over time has a high grade of reproducibility when performed by an experienced investigator and the reproducedcibility drops when assessment is rarely performed.
Abstract: BackgroundMedial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) is one of the first magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and used as a measure of disease progression. Visual assessment of MTA is easy to perform but the reliability of MTA rating over time has not been studied.PurposeTo investigate what happens to the MTA rating scores if two radiologists rate the same MRI scans six times over a period of 1 year.Material and MethodsOne hundred outpatients were included in this study. All patients underwent MRI with a protocol and sequences used for geriatric patients, according to local clinical standards. One neuroradiologist and one general radiologist independently of each other performed retrospective visual assessments of MTA six times, using the same scans, over a period of 1 year.ResultsIntra-rater kappa varied between κ 0.65 and 0.84 for the neuroradiologist and κ 0.38 and 0.74 for the general radiologist. Intra-rater weighted kappa (wκ) values showed almost perfect agreemen...
TL;DR: Half the patients with TBM had MRA abnormality involving both anterior and posterior circulations and 61.8% of them had corresponding infarcts, which was correlated with clinical, laboratory, and MRI findings.
Abstract: BackgroundInfarctions in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are common but there is a paucity of studies on MR angiography (MRA).PurposeTo evaluate the pattern and predictors of MRA abnormality in patien...
TL;DR: PET/CT is an accurate, sensitive and reliable modality for screening and detection of breast cancer recurrence and appears to be an effective surveillance tool, as it is able to cover the whole body in a single procedure and shows good performance.
Abstract: BackgroundAn advantage of PET/CT has been demonstrated for diagnosis of several tumor entities. In patients with breast cancer, early diagnosis and accurate restaging of recurrence after surgery is important for selection of the most appropriate therapeutic strategy.PurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of integrated positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), for follow-up of patients with suspected recurrent breast cancer.Material and MethodsForty-seven patients with suspected recurrent breast cancer underwent PET/CT. The PET and PET/CT images were interpreted without knowledge of the results of other diagnostic modalities, and compared with each other with reference to the final diagnosis.ResultsTwenty-five (53%) patients suffered tumor recurrence. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of PET/CT were 96%, 91%, 92%, 95%, and 94%, respectively. In comparison with PET, PET/CT had ...
TL;DR: There was a highly significant correlation between volumetric measurements of the hippocampus and MTA scoring and normal ageing using vaMTA, suggesting that in normal ageing, there is increasing MTA score.
Abstract: BackgroundIt is important to have a replicable easy method for monitoring atrophy progression in Alzheimer's disease. Volumetric methods for calculating hippocampal volume are time-consuming and commonly used in research. Visual assessments of medial temporal lobe atrophy (vaMTA) is a rapid method for clinical use. This method has not been tested in a large non-demented population in comparison with volumetry mesurements. Since hippocampal volume decreases with time even in normal aging there is also a need to study the normal age differences of medial temporal lobe atrophy.PurposeTo compare visual assessment of medial temporal lobe atrophy (vaMTA) with hippocampal volume in a healthy, non-demented elderly population. To describe normal ageing using vaMTA.Material and MethodsNon-demented individuals aged 60, 66, 72, 78, 81, 84, and ≥87 years old were recruited from the Swedish National study on Ageing and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), Sweden. Standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, vaMTA, and cal...
TL;DR: This pilot study suggests that sequential combination treatment by renal arterial embolization followed by percutaneous RFA is feasible in patients with inoperable RCC.
Abstract: BackgroundPotential drawbacks of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) include local recurrence after RFA due to a limited ablation area, massive hemorrhage induced by kidney puncture, and difficulty in visualizing the tumor at CT-guided puncture.PurposeTo evaluate retrospectively the technical success, effectiveness, and complications elicited in patients with unresectable RCC following single-session sequential combination treatment consisting of renal arterial embolization followed by RFA.Material and MethodsTen patients (12 RCCs) who were not candidates for surgery were included in this pilot study. All tumors ranged from 18–66 mm in size (mean 31 ± 3.9 mm), and were percutaneously ablated several hours after embolization of the tumor vessels with iodized oil and gelatin sponges. We evaluated the technical success, effectiveness, effect on renal function, and complications of this treatment. Effectiveness was judged on CT and/or MR images obtained every three months...
TL;DR: Clinical and radiological features of BL are described and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of breast disorders, especially in patients with leukemia.
Abstract: BackgroundBreast leukemia is extremely rare. The published data on this manifestation include predominantly case reports and do not provide any statistical information.PurposeTo identify clinical signs and radiological features of breast leukemia.Material and MethodsPubMed and Medline databases between 1980 and 2010 were screened using ‘breast leukemia’ and ‘leukemia of the breast’ as keywords. Secondary references were also reviewed. By this search, a total of 139 patients were identified from the literature.ResultsIn most patients (n = 85, 61.2%) acute myeloid leukemia was diagnosed. Acute lymphatic leukemia occurred in 35 patients (25.2%). Isolated BL before bone marrow infiltration was seen in 24 patients (17.3%). Involvement of the breast during the course of leukemia was diagnosed in 25 cases (18%). Intramammary leukemic relapse after therapy/stem cell transplantation occurred in 59 patients (42.4%). In 71 cases (51.1%) the lesions were solitary and in 57 (41%) multiple. The number of lesions was no...
TL;DR: This preliminary national dose survey for pediatric CT in Thailand found that the majority of CTDIvol and DLP values in brain, chest, and abdominal CTs were still below the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) from the UK and Switzerland regarding to ICRP recommendation.
Abstract: BackgroundIncreasing pediatric CT usage worldwide needs the optimization of CT protocol examination. Although there are previous published dose reference level (DRL) values, the local DRLs should b...
TL;DR: An overall rejection rate of 12% indicates a need for optimizing radiographic practice in the department, and 13 causes for rejection could be selected.
Abstract: BackgroundReject analysis can be used as a quality indicator, and is an important tool in localizing areas where optimization is required. Reducing number of rejects is important yielding reduced p...
TL;DR: RFA of recurrent NSCLC may be a valuable salvage tool to achieve local tumor control, especially in tumors measuring <3 cm in size.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a potential application as a salvage tool after failure of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although several studies have evaluated the use of RFA in primary NSCLC, there is little literature on its potential application as a salvage tool. PURPOSE: To evaluate CT-guided RFA employed as a salvage therapy for pulmonary recurrences of NSCLC after prior treatment with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective computer database search yielded 33 patients with biopsy proven primary NSCLC who underwent CT-guided RFA of 39 recurrent tumors following surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy. Follow-up imaging was performed with CT and PET-CT. The endpoints of interest were progression-free survival (PFS) and time to local progression (TTLP). PFS and TTLP were compared by lesion size (<3 cm, ≥3 cm). RESULTS: The median PFS was 8 months. For patients with a tumor size <3 cm median PFS was 11 months, whereas the median PFS of patients with a tumor size ≥3 cm was 5 months. The difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.09). The median TTLP of all tumors was 14 months. TTLP of ablated tumors <3 cm in size was 24 months, compared to 8 months for ablated tumors ≥3 cm in size. The difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.07). CONCLUSION: RFA of recurrent NSCLC may be a valuable salvage tool to achieve local tumor control, especially in tumors measuring <3 cm in size.