Showing papers in "Annals of Botany in 2014"

TL;DR: This review analyses recent evidence of the impacts of SI in both developing and industrialized countries, and demonstrates that both yield and natural capital dividends can occur.

TL;DR: The PFT concept is traced from its origin in the early 1800s to its current use in regional and global dynamic vegetation models (DVMs), with special attention given to the representation and parameterization of PFTs and to validation and benchmarking of predicted patterns of vegetation distribution in high-latitude ecosystems.

TL;DR: Evidence for the four components of ecological speciation in the context of plant-pollinator interactions is focused on, and it is predicted that examples of pollinator-driven speciation will be among the most widespread and compelling of all cases of ecological Speciation.

TL;DR: The data provide a global snapshot of the cell wall architecture in brown algae, and contribute to the understanding of the structure-function relationships of the main cell wall components, which indicate that FCSPs are tightly associated with proteins and cellulose within the walls.

TL;DR: In this article, a molecular network is proposed to activate expression of florigenic proteins that are transported to the shoot apical meristem where they drive developmental reprogramming of a population of meristemic cells.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the timing of callose deposition in the multilayered system of plant defence responses could be the key parameter for optimal effectiveness, which seems to be achieved through co-ordinated transport and formation of the callose synthase complex.

TL;DR: Structural, and hence macromolecular, variations within the different citrus pectin samples were mainly related to their rhamnogalacturonan I contents and integrity, and, to a lesser extent, to the length of their homogalactsuronan domains.

TL;DR: A classification is presented based on the current understanding of relationships of fern and lycopod clades, which shows a trend from highly artificial, based on an interpretation of a few extrinsic characters, to natural classifications derived from a multitude of intrinsic characters.

TL;DR: The main features of the pectin disassembly process during fruit ripening are discussed, and the nanostructural characterization of fruit pectins by AFM and its relationship with texture and postharvest fruit shelf life is reviewed.

TL;DR: Investigation of the relative contributions of soil abiotic properties and plant traits to variations in microbial processes involved in grassland nitrogen turnover suggests that consideration of plant traits, and especially below-ground traits, increases the ability to describe variation in the abundances and the functional characteristics of microbial communities ingrassland soils.

TL;DR: This review considers the current understanding of the MyB46-mediated transcriptional regulatory network, including upstream regulators, downstream targets and negative regulators of MYB46 to offer a useful means for pathway-specific manipulation of secondary wall biosynthesis.

TL;DR: The results show that peroxisomes are an endogenous source of peroxynitrite, which is over-produced under cadmium stress, suggesting that the metabolism of reactive nitrogen species in peroxISomes could participate in the mechanism of the response to this heavy metal.

TL;DR: In this paper, the root responses to Pi, sugars and hormones of potential AM host species are also highlighted and discussed in comparison with those of the non-host Arabidopsis thaliana.

TL;DR: The study advances understanding of the combined roles of the E1-E4 loci in flowering and geographic adaptation, and suggests the existence of unidentified genes for flowering in soybean.

TL;DR: A high degree of congruence was found between genome size distribution and the major phylogenetic lineages, and Genlisea is an ideal candidate model organism for the understanding of genome reduction as the genus includes species with both relatively large and ultrasmall genomes.

TL;DR: Cryo-fixation revealed a new view of the interplay between sporophytic anther tissues and gametophytic microspores over the course of pollen development, especially with respect to the intact microspore/pollen wall and the continuous tapetum epithelium.

TL;DR: Data on flower opening, anther dehiscence and lateral root emergence suggest that turgor needs to be finely tuned during development, both spatially and temporally.

TL;DR: A more uniform horizontal PPFD distribution played the most important role in this enhancement of crop photosynthesis, and a more uniform vertical PP FD distribution and higher leaf photosynthetic capacity contributed more to the enhancement ofcrop photosynthesis than did higher values of LAI.

TL;DR: In this article, the relative importance of pollinator shifts and coevolutionary interactions for amongpopulation variation in among-population variation was discussed, and the importance of plant-pollinator interactions are thought to have shaped much of floral evolution.

TL;DR: Sections of genes that have been characterized as playing a role in the differentiation of the epidermal cells of the arabidopsis seed coat, the natural variability in polysaccharide features of these cells and the physiological roles attributed to seed mucilage are reviewed.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the possible mechanisms underlying the promotion of plant Fe acquisition by soil micro-organisms, possibly including: rhizobium nodulation enhancing plant Fe uptake capacity and mycorrhizal fungal infection enhancing root length and the nutrient acquisition area of the root system.

TL;DR: Current results indicate that TEM1 and TEM2 are regulated by genes acting in several flowering pathways, suggesting that T EMs may integrate information from diverse pathways, however, flowering is not the only process controlled by RAV proteins.

TL;DR: In this paper, the distribution and pollination biology of several subspecies of the shrub Erica plukenetii from the Cape Floristic Region in South Africa were investigated in a phylogenetic context and combined with information on pollinator ranges to test whether the evolution of pollination ecotypes is consistent with the Grant-Stebbins model.

TL;DR: It is concluded that species differences in root foraging strategies increase total soil exploration, with consequent positive effects on the growth and yield of these ancient polycultures.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors characterized genetic diversity and population structure of Miscanthus in its native range of East Asia and found that south-eastern China was the origin of Msi populations found in temperate eastern Asia, which is consistent with this area probably having been a refugium during the last glacial maximum (LGM).

TL;DR: Radial stem growth was reduced during drought due to the mobilization of NSCs for osmotic purposes andDue to the lack of cell turgor, plant water status during wood formation can influence the N SCs available for growth in the cambium and xylem.

TL;DR: An investigation into the evolutionary rate of coding and non-coding sequences among legume plastomes resulted in the identification of remarkably variable regions and the discovery of a novel, major 36-kb inversion, specific to the Genistoids.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated local pollinator adaptation and variation in floral traits in the rewarding orchid Gymnadenia odoratissima, which spans a large altitudinal gradient and thus may depend on different pollinator guilds along this gradient.

TL;DR: Low selectivity apparently allows widespread lichen-forming fungi to establish successful symbioses with locally adapted photobionts in a broader range of habitats, and might correlate with both lower phylogenetic resolution and evolutionary divergence in species complexes of crustose lichens.

TL;DR: Fog occurrence is the single most important microclimatic feature affecting the distribution and function of TMCF plants, and the presence of fog and FWU minimizes the occurrence of tree water deficits and thus favours the survival of T MCF trees where such deficits may occur.