Showing papers in "Autoimmunity Reviews in 2010"

TL;DR: The epidemiological data, combined with pathological and immunological data, may contribute to the debate whether MS is an autoimmune disease, a latent or persistent viral disease, or a neurodegenerative disease.

TL;DR: An international expert panel formulated recommendations on vitamin D for clinical practice, taking into consideration the best evidence available based on published literature today, and reached substantial agreement about the need for vitamin D supplementation in specific groups of patients in these clinical areas.

TL;DR: The most important aspects of the pathogenesis and development of endothelial dysfunction are summarized, with particular attention to the role of traditional CV risk factors, the usefulness of vasoreactivity tests, and the future perspectives opened by genetic studies.

TL;DR: The clinical manifestations of the disease show geographic or ethnic variation, generally being less severe in patients of European ancestry than in African, Asian, certain "Hispanic" or mestizo, and various indigenous populations.

TL;DR: The induced autoimmune diseases with the poorest outcomes were interstitial lung disease, inflammatory ocular disease and central nervous system demyelinating diseases.

TL;DR: Although the clinical manifestations of pSS patients are mainly those of an autoimmune exocrinopathy, almost half of patients develop extraglandular disease, which may be manifested either by epithelial lymphocytic invasion of lung, liver, or kidney (resulting in interstitial nephritis) or by skin vasculitis, peripheral neuropathy, glomerulonephritis, and low C4 levels.

TL;DR: The declining proportion of newly diagnosed children with high-risk genotypes suggests that environmental pressures are now able to trigger T1D in genotypes that previously would not have developed the disease during childhood, but the findings are too inconsistent to allow firm conclusions.

TL;DR: The clinical significance ofAutoantibodies, their pathogenic mechanisms in autoimmune diseases and the technology available for appropriate autoantibody detection are discussed and a powerful diagnostic tool is illustrated.

TL;DR: Recent progresses in the understanding of the immunopathology of RA is reviewed with a special emphasis on the role of neutrophils, which are phagocytic leukocytes that play crucial roles in the acute defense against pathogens.

TL;DR: Among environmental factors implicated in the development of RA, smoking shows the strongest association with RA susceptibility and is also linked to worse outcomes, as well as the genetic and environmental risk factors associated with RA.

TL;DR: Anti-TNF-induced DIL may be a unique form of the disease or may possibly result from the unmasking of latent idiopathic SLE.

TL;DR: There is no evidence based research to support the notion that the stress-triggered neuroendocrine hormones lead to immune dysregulation, which ultimately results in autoimmune disease by altering or amplifying cytokine production, but Nonetheless, stress reactions should be discussed with autoimmune patients.

TL;DR: The assessment of ACPA, in addition to clinical, radiographic and genetic outcome measures, may be important to assess disease prognosis and aids to design effective, early therapeutic strategies.

TL;DR: The ten-year cumulative survival of SSc has improved significantly from 50% in the seventies to over 70% at the present time, and Pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension are now the two main causes of death.

TL;DR: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-organ autoimmune disease whose pathogenesis is multifactorial lying on genetic, environmental factors and on abnormalities of both the innate and the adaptive immune system.

TL;DR: This review will discuss how gender may act on the cells of the immune system and thereby influence the predisposition of the host to autoimmune diseases.

TL;DR: The detection of serum autoantibodies during the course of the disease may be helpful in guiding treatment decisions in patients with autoimmune bullous diseases.

TL;DR: Although detectable in 1-5% of asymptomatic apparently healthy subjects, persistent aPL are significantly associated with recurrent arterial/venous thrombosis and with pregnancy morbidity, such an association is the formal classification tool for the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).

TL;DR: If vitamin D deficiency occurs at a higher rate in patients with autoimmune disorders, then appropriate supplementation may be indicated.

TL;DR: In multiple sclerosis, extensive deimination of brain proteins is observed in active lesions, but no role for the PADI4 gene in susceptibility to MS has been so far described.

TL;DR: Clearance deficiency may contribute to SLE in two ways: first, in germinal centres it enables the affinity maturation of autoreactive B cells and second, in peripheral tissues it leads to the accumulation of accessible nuclear autoantigens.

TL;DR: Different immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil and also new approaches like tumor necrosis factor alpha blockers (TNF-alpha antagonists) have been used for the treatment of severe manifestations of RPC with varying degrees of efficacy.

TL;DR: It has been considered to recognize IgG4-related diseases including MD as a new clinical entity and the etiology of IgG 4-related systemic diseases remains to be elucidated.

TL;DR: Bechet's disease is an inflammatory, multi systemic disease with spontaneous remissions and relapses similar to various autoimmune diseases, although immunological abnormalities, possibly induced by susceptible microbiological pathogens, have been postulated.

TL;DR: The diagnostic challenges are summarized (false-positive/negative aPL results and overlap with other thrombotic microangiopathies) and updated diagnostic algorithms for catastrophic APS are proposed.

TL;DR: In recent years, some therapeutic options have emerged as appropriate interventions for early SLE treatment, including antimalarials, vitamin D, statins and vaccination with self-derived peptides, and B lymphocyte stimulator, anti-ribosomal P protein and anti-C1q antibodies are among the most promising.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that in a particular subset of individuals genetically predisposed to autoimmunity, an initial subclinical tumor-induced myopathy may result in an autoimmune myositis, represents a further intriguing link behind the association of these two conditions.

TL;DR: The current knowledge on T(H)17 in autoimmunity is summarized with emphasis on its differentiation factors and some mechanisms involved in initiating pathological events of autoIMmunity.

TL;DR: The literature on the geoepidemiology of transverse myelitis is reviewed to assess its environmental associations and potential causes such as autoimmune disease, infection, vaccination, and intoxication.

TL;DR: The group has developed a strategy to induce CD8(+) Tregs in autoimmune mice through the use of a tolerogenic self-peptide, and new information has been gained on the phenotype, function and role of induced CD8 (+) T Regs in autoimmunity.