Showing papers in "Behavioural Brain Research in 2002"

TL;DR: An associative learning hypothesis is proposed according to which stimuli contingent upon drug reward acquire powerful incentive properties after a relatively limited number of predictive associations with the drug and become particularly resistant to extinction.

TL;DR: A dual pathway model of AD/HD is proposed that recognises two quite distinct sub-types of the disorder, one of which is a motivational style characterised by an altered delay of reward gradient linked to the meso-limbic dopamine branch associated with the reward circuits.

TL;DR: There are strong differences between child psychopathological groups and controls on these EFs, however, future research will be needed to identify an EF deficit or profile, which is specific for these disorders.

TL;DR: Findings are reviewed in support of the hypothesis that low doses of DA antagonists and accumbens DA depletions do not impair appetite to consume food, but do impair activational aspects of motivation, and several complex features of the literature on dopaminergic involvement in reinforcement are examined.

TL;DR: This work characterised the pattern of mouse anxiety by analysing a number of behavioural parameters with both PM and OF in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, two behaviourally distant mouse strains, and confirmed the multidimensional structure of Mouse anxiety-related behaviour as regards both simple components and functional interactions.

TL;DR: The evidence for involvement of dopamine in mediating behavioral and cognitive symptoms and response to stimulants in ADHD is reviewed, with implications for possible mechanisms.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the causal mechanisms of neuronal degeneration implicate a complex I deficiency in the aetiology of rotenone-induced and perhaps in some cases of sporadic PD.

TL;DR: This article found that early deficits in rapid auditory processing abilities both precede and predict subsequent language delays in infants, and that early auditory processing threshold and being male predicted 39-41% of the variance in language outcome.

TL;DR: It is found that when humans are required to use spatial cues to navigate to a hidden escape platform in a pool, patients with HPC resections display severe impairments in spatial navigation relative to age-matched controls and age- matched patients who have had extra-HPC resection.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the release of dopamine in the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) is related to the expectation of reward and not to the reward itself, which has potential implications for the treatment of drug addiction.

TL;DR: NAcc dopamine not only plays a role in conditioned behavioural activation, but also in making the appropriate discriminated response i.e. the direction of response, which implies that mesoaccumbens dopamine may play differential roles in the learning and performance of preparatory Pavlovian conditioning.

TL;DR: In this article, the vertical grating acuity of three pigmented (Dark Agouti, Fisher-Norway, Long-Evans) and three albino (Fisher-344, Sprague-Dawley, Wistar) strains of laboratory rats was compared with that of wild rats.

TL;DR: Lesioned mice were often slower to initiate behaviour in novel surroundings, which may be congruent with the other deficits the authors observed, and may aid interpretation of the many genetic manipulations that target the hippocampus, and of neurodegenerative conditions that induce hippocampal pathology.

TL;DR: Investigation of the possible circadian regulation of acquisition, recall and extinction in two strains of mice found that mice trained in night exhibited a greater degree of extinction than mice training in the day.

TL;DR: It is shown that treatments that elevate the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta in the brain, if given after training, impair contextual but not auditory-cue fear conditioning.

TL;DR: The results suggest that while cat odour strongly elicits specific defensive behaviours in rats, TMT has effects that are more characteristic of an aversive odour, and some previous studies using TMT may need to be reassessed.

TL;DR: Dopamine receptor blockade in either the Acb core or shell of hungry rats suppressed spontaneous motor activity and shifted the structure of feeding towards longer bout durations, but did not alter the total amount of food consumed.

TL;DR: It is found that the cage stereotypies of captive bank voles also correlate with signs of altered response selection by the basal ganglia, the first evidence for a neural substrate of cage stereotypy.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that sucrose responsiveness in honey bees can be modulated by biogenic amines, which has far reaching consequences for other types of behaviour in this insect.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and CREB are activated in the course of spatial learning and activation of the PKA/CREB signaling pathway in the hippocampus plays an important role in spatial memory formation.

TL;DR: A new paradigm, in which both assays were combined, elucidated that behavioral responses were not altered by segments of the SIH paradigm and concluded that a combination of behavioral and physiological responses might lead to a better understanding in anxiety-related processes.

TL;DR: The impairments in motor performance and incentive motivational processes that follow from nigrostriatal and mesolimbic DA loss can be understood in terms of a single mechanism: abnormal processing of sensorimotor and incentive motivation-related glutamate input signals to the striatum.

TL;DR: It is argued that the ADHD Inattentive subtype may have heterogeneous origins and be qualitatively different from the ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive subtype.

TL;DR: This paper showed that lesioned mice were impaired on both spontaneous and rewarded discrete-trial alternation in T-mazes and showed no evidence of learning on a reference memory task for the location of hidden platforms in the Morris water maze.

TL;DR: The results of increased anxiety/fear and increased activity are suggestive of a general increase in arousal, with both sets of responses increasing the likelihood of reproductive behaviors occurring only when the environment predicts success.

TL;DR: Results show that individual differences of anxiety in the plus-maze can be predictive of behavior in other anxiety models, but not in forced swim test, indicating that they may be determined partly by similar functional and physiological mechanisms.

TL;DR: Information from drug development programs and studies based on positron emission tomograpy in adult volunteers have provided new knowledge about the PK properties of MPH at the primary site of action in the brain, and this work will review these two topics.

TL;DR: The results provide partial support for the hypothesis that impulsive behavior is related to low serotonin function, and further suggests that the role of serotonin depends on genetic factors related to alcoholism.

TL;DR: The results show that a morphine-induced CPP is persistent over time and can be reinstated by morphine after extinction, and is maintained for 12 weeks when tests were repeated every 2 weeks.

TL;DR: Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the behavioral disturbances of ADHD are the result of an imbalance between noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems in the prefrontal cortex, with inhibitory dopamineergic activity being decreased and nor adrenergic activity increased relative to controls.