Showing papers in "Biodiversitas in 2018"
TL;DR: The present study indicated that pol and dol could be useful in the classification of mangroves and other coastal forests and in phylogenetic studies and suggested that plant polyisoprenoids are chemotaxonomically important.
Abstract: Basyuni M, Wati R, Sagami H, Sumardi, Baba S, Oku H. 2018. Diversity and abundance of polyisoprenoid composition in plant species from North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1-11. The distribution and abundance of polyprenols (pol) and dolichols (dol) in the leaves and roots of fourteen coastal plants from North Sumatra, Indonesia were analysed using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. In the leaves, with respect to the distribution of pol and dol were detected and categorized into three-types. In type-I, the predominance of dol over pol, was observed in Barringtonia asiatica, Calophyllum inophyllum, Pandanus odoratissimus, and Stachytarpheta jamaicensis. In type-II, the presence of both pol and dol, was observed in Casuarina equisetifolia, Melastoma candidum, Morinda citrifolia, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, Sesuvium portulacastrum and Terminalia catappa. In type-III, the predominance of pol over dol, was observed in Acacia auriculiformis, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Ricinus communis, and Pongamia pinnata. However, in the roots, a type-I distribution was observed in eleven species, while three species, A. auriculiformis, M. candidum, and M. citrifolia, corresponded to a type-II distribution instead of type-III. The diversity of polyisoprenoid composition in the leaves was noted, whereas 79% of root tissues indicated that dol occur more abundantly than pol. The range of the contents of polysioprenoid was 12-300 mg/g dw. The present study indicated that pol and dol could be useful in the classification of mangroves and other coastal forests and in phylogenetic studies. The diversity and presence of polyisoprenoids in coastal plants suggested that plant polyisoprenoids are chemotaxonomically important.
38 citations
TL;DR: Silalahi et al. as discussed by the authors conducted an ethnobotanical study of edible and medicinal plants in the home garden of Batak Karo sub-ethnic in North Sumatra, Indonesia.
Abstract: Silalahi M, Nisyawati. 2018. The ethnobotanical study of edible and medicinal plants in the home garden of Batak Karo sub-ethnic in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 229-238. The cultivation of plants in home gardens for self-sufficiency is a long tradition in Karo District, but the documentation of local knowledge about edible and medicinal plants in home gardens in Karo District is limited. This study aimed to (i) document the uses of the edible and medicinal plants in home gardens; (ii) to analyze the diversity of edible and medicinal plants in home gardens. Data were collected using the ethnobotanical surveys and interviews methods. The Shannon Weiner and Margalef indices were calculated to determine the diversity levels of medicinal and edible species in the home gardens of Karo ethnic. The surveys were conducted in 30 home gardens (7 villages), Karo District, North Sumatra. The 85 recorded species belonged to 43 families, and 73 genera were used as edible and medicinal plants. The plants studied in the home gardens used for human consumption were i.e. fruits, vegetables, spices, tubers and medicinal plants. Among 85 plant species growing in home gardens, 52 species were cultivated, and the rest were semi cultivated. Home gardens had the Shannon Wiener index ranging from 1.164 to 3.123 while Margalef index ranging from 0.929-2.531.
36 citations
TL;DR: Basyuni et al. as mentioned in this paper determined the diversity of macrozoobenthos and water quality based on diversity index (H), similarity index (E), and dominance index (D) in the mangrove of Lubuk Kertang Village North Sumatra, Indonesia.
Abstract: Basyuni M, Gultom K, Fitri A, Susetya EA, Wati R, Slamet B, Sulistiyono N, Yusriani E, Balke T, Bunting P. 2018. Diversity and habitat characteristics of macrozoobenthos in the mangrove forest of Lubuk Kertang Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 311-317. Mangrove plays an important role in coastal ecosystems including ecological, social, and economic aspects. This study aimed to determine the diversity of macrozoobenthos and water quality based on diversity index (H’), similarity Index (E), and dominance index (D) in the mangrove of Lubuk Kertang Village North Sumatra, Indonesia. The samples of macrozoobenthos (biological parameter) and water quality (physical and chemical parameters) were collected from fifteen plots in three different stations. Macrozoobenthos were collected in 1 m × 1 m transect in the mangrove forest. The biota was taken by using a shovel, inserted into a plastic bag, and identified. Results showed that eight species of macrozoobenthos were found and classified into three classes of Gastropod, Bivalvia, and Malacostraca. The highest diversity index (H?) of macrozoobenthos was found at Station II (2.39), the highest evenness index (E) was located at Station I (0.54), and the highest dominance index (D) was found at Station II (0.34). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the habitat characteristics of macrozoobenthos. PCA confirmed that station III was a habitat with suitable characteristics for the life of macrozoobenthos indicating the negative axis. The present study suggested four parameters namely salinity, clay temperature, and dissolved oxygen that should be preserved to support the survival of macrozoobenthos in the mangrove forests.
30 citations
TL;DR: Lestari et al. as discussed by the authors evaluated the growth of native tree species planted on various types of reclamation sites in a mining concession in East Kalimantan, and analyzed the most influencing factor of their growth.
Abstract: Lestari DA, Fiqa AP, Fauziah, Budiharta S. 2019. Growth evaluation of native tree species planted on post coal mining reclamation site in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 134-143. Mining activities affect environmental qualities including the loss of vegetation cover and the damages of physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. As such, regulations enacted by the Indonesian Government state a legal obligation for mining companies to carry out reclamation on post coal mining site. Reclamation is an activity carried out to organize, restore and improve of environmental quality after mining operations to enhance the highly disturbed ecosystem of mined land into ecologically usable state. Yet, there is little body of knowledge on how to monitor the effectiveness of reclamation in improving environmental quality of ex-mining land. Aims of this study are to evaluate of the growth of native tree species planted on various types of reclamation sites in a mining concession in East Kalimantan, and to analyze the most influencing factor of their growth. Growth parameters measured in this research were plant height, stem diameter and branch-free stem height of the planted species. Micro-climatic factors and diversity of understorey plants were also measured as environmental parameters. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) analysis was conducted using PAST 4.0. statistical program. The results shows that reclamation area of post coal mining in the study site which is most suitable for local plant species, especially Shorea balangeran, has a sloping terrain. PCA shows that factor having maximum influence on growth of planted species on the reclamation site is pH of soil. The higher is the soil pH (i.e. less acid), the better is the species growth because the soil conditions in the post-coal mining area tend to be acidic. This research suggests that in post coal mining reclamation using native trees two key factors to enhance growth performance of planted species are sloping terrain so as water is not inundated and soil pH so as it is not too acid.
25 citations
TL;DR: Estimating vegetation diversity and carbon sink potential of Segara Anakan Mangrove Forest Cilacap, Central Java from August-December 2012 showed that mangrove was composed of 24 species with 19 families, consisting of 16 species of trees, 14 species of saplings and16 species of herbs.
Abstract: Widyastuti A, Yani E, Nasution EK, Rochmatino. 2018. Diversity of mangrove vegetation and carbon sink estimation of Segara Anakan Mangrove Forest, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 246-252. Mangrove forests are known as standing stores of sequestered atmospheric carbon. The role of mangrove forests in the sequestering substantial amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and storing the carbon in its biomass has been recently underscored. This research aimed to estimate vegetation diversity and carbon sink potential of Segara Anakan Mangrove Forest Cilacap, Central Java from August-December 2012. Vegetations sampling was done by square plots technique. Diversity index was utilized to determine species diversity. Allometric equations were used to estimate biomass and carbon sinks. This study only calculates aboveground biomass and carbon sinks. The research results showed that mangrove in Segara Anakan was composed of 24 species with 19 families, consisting of 16 species of trees, 14 species of saplings and 16 species of herbs. The most dominant tree was Avicennia marina with importance value of 43.62% in Kembang Kuning, 60.27% in Ujung Alang and 25.6% in Klaces. The most dominant of sapling was Avicennia marina, with an important value of 31.1%. The total biomass of a tree is about 43.06 kg/tree or 0.13 ton/ha. Total biomass of sapling was 27.38 kg/tree or 0.32 ton/ha. The carbon sink of the tree was 49.10 ton/ha and carbon sink of sapling was 79.39 ton/ha. It can be concluded that Segara Anakan Mangrove forest is very important as a carbon sink in South part of Central Java, Indonesia.
25 citations
TL;DR: Lubis et al. as discussed by the authors used remote sensing method with Landsat-7 image data, on data recording that is dated December 16, 2016, to obtain information on the distribution and extent of sand, dark sea, and coral reefs on Batam Island shallow waters of Sekupang.
Abstract: Lubis MZ, Anurogo W, Hanafi A, Kausarian H, Taki HM, Antoni S. 2018. Distribution of benthic habitat using Landsat-7 Imagery in shallow waters of Sekupang, Batam Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1117-1122. Shallow sea waters are one region that has high dynamics and an important role both economically and ecologically. Batam Island one of the islands in Indonesia is rich in the ocean in Riau Islands Province, Indonesia, and surrounded by small islands.We conducted classification and correction of water column using Lyzenga formula, to see benthic habitat in Sekupang waters, Batam Island, Indonesia. This research uses remote sensing method with Landsat-7 image data, on data recording that is dated December 16, 2016. The purpose of this study is to obtain information on the distribution and extent of sand, dark sea, and coral reefs on Batam Island shallow waters of Sekupang. By using the formula of Lyzenga algorithm, the value of ki/kj is 0.404, by looking at the color change corresponding to the channel. Research result of classification in the shallow coastal waters of the island of Batam in Sekupang with the area is sand with 27.64 % (3.443 ha), cloudy sea with an area of 30.94% (3.854 ha), and coral reefs with an area of 41.43% (5.161 ha).
23 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that polyisoprenoids in mangroves have potential antibacterial properties to be developed further.
Abstract: Sumardi, Basyuni M, Wati R. 2018. Antimicrobial activity of polyisoprenoids of sixteen mangrove species from North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1243-1248. Mangroves including those that are distributed in the coast of North Sumatra contain polyisoprenoid with varying levels of polyprenol and dolichol constituents. Differences in polyisoprenoid levels were closely related to the salinity of sea but the information about their biological activities is scarce. The present study aimed to describe the biological activities, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antifungal effects of polyisoprenoid extracts from sixteen mangrove species of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Polyisoprenoids were isolated from mangrove leaves and tested for their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Meanwhile, their antioxidant activity was represented by their capacity in scavenging DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical agents. The most predominant polyisoprenoids found in sixteen mangrove leaf extracts was dolichols (75%). Polyprenols-dominant species, Acacia auriculiformis, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Pongamia pinnata, and Ricinus communis, and dolichols-dominant species, Avicennia lanata, Av. marina, Av. officinalis, Barringtonia asiatica, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Calophyllum inophyllum, Nypa fruticans, and Pandanus odoratissimus, inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. However, the antioxidant activity of those sixteen mangrove species was of a weak category. Surprisingly, all other mangroves polyisoprenoid extracts did not inhibit C. albicans growth. This study suggested that polyisoprenoids in mangroves have potential antibacterial properties to be developed further.
23 citations
TL;DR: Tata et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed factors driving the fires, of pressures arising from the fires and of responses to the fires in Pelalawan District, Riau, Indonesia using two approaches: semi-structured interviews regarding social and policy aspects, and analysis of biophysical factors such as soil properties and spatial data.
Abstract: Tata HL, Narendra BH, Mawazin. 2018. Forest and land fires in Pelalawan District, Riau, Indonesia: Drivers, pressures, impacts and responses. Biodiversitas 19: 544-551. Pelalawan District of Riau Province, Indonesia was one of the districts most damaged by fire in 2015. Analysis of factors driving the fires, of pressures arising from the fires and of responses to the fires in Pelalawan District was conducted using two approaches: semi-structured interviews regarding social and policy aspects, and analysis of biophysical factors such as soil properties and spatial data. Results showed that forest functions (i.e. the functions served by different forest types) was positively related to hotspot density (R2=0.9868), while distance to nearest road less affected hotspot distribution (R2=0.1612). Multiple regression analysis of the relationship between hotspots density and four variables resulted in the following model: Y = 0.005384 + 0.000021 Soil Type + 0.000019 Distance to Road + 0.000038 Forest Functions + 0.000017 Land Use type. The pressures were expansion for agriculture, plantation and forest encroachment. Despite many negative impacts of fire, the burning practice on peatland could improve the pH and peat soil fertility (particularly ash and P contents). As a response to fire, a standard operational procedure for forest- and land-fire prevention was launched by the Governor of Riau Province in late 2015. A comprehensive and integrated policy package for forest and land fire prevention and control should include a social dimension in order to effectively reduce fire risk in the district.
22 citations
TL;DR: The results of the study of fauna of click beetles in the Republic of Mordovia are presented and dozens of species, which with a high degree of probability can still be found in the republic, are presented.
Abstract: Ruchin AB, Egorov LV, Semishin GB. 2018. Fauna of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in the interfluve of Rivers Moksha and Sura, Republic of Mordovia, Russia. Biodiversitas 19: 1352-1365. The results of the study of fauna of click beetles in the Republic of Mordovia are presented. By now, 58 species of click beetles have been recorded here. Adrastus pallens is a new record for the republic. As per the literature information, 6 species of click beetles (Agriotes pilosellus, Melanotus crassicollis, Melanotus fusciceps, Liotrichus affinis, Pseudanostirus globicollis, Stenagostus rufus) are known and these indications require confirmation. Two species (Agriotes acuminatus, Limoniscus suturalis) are excluded from the fauna. Taking into account the literary information in the fauna of Mordovia, 64 species of Elateridae are known. Agrypnus murinus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscurus, Agriotes sputator, Dalopius marginatus, Ampedus balteatus, Ampedus pomorum, Hemicrepidius niger, Athous subfuscus, Prosternon tessellatum, Selatosomus aeneus are among the mass species. A list of the species is presented, which with a high degree of probability can still be found in the republic.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Thoha et al. evaluated the characteristics and causes of forest and land fire in Kapuas District Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia and determined the spatial distribution between hotspot and causative factors.
Abstract: Thoha AS, Saharjo BH, Boer R, Ardiansyah M. 2019. Characteristics and causes of forest and land fires in Kapuas District, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 110-117. Forest and land fire occurs almost every year in Indonesia. Its impact is very harmful for human and environment. Developing a program in fire management requires identification of forest and land fire characteristics and its causes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the characteristics and causes of forest and land fire in Kapuas District Central Kalimantan Province. Spatial analysis of hotspots with rainfall was used to determine temporal distribution of fire. Spatial distribution between hotspot and causative factors was determined to identify spatial characteristics of fires. Increasing number of hotspots occurs when monthly rainfall decreases. Most high fire activities are located in peatland, swamp shrubs, close to road, close to river and far away from villages. Fire causes from human activities mostly originated from swamp shrub burning and land clearing for farming. Hotspot density has various relationship with peat depth, land cover, accessibility, and human activities.
22 citations
TL;DR: All bacteria detected in the tilapia and channel catfish cultures were also known as putative pathogens in human and commercial antibiotics used in this research were nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, and norfloxACin.
Abstract: Hardi EH, Nugroho RA, Saptiani G, Sarinah R, Anggraidini M, Mawardi M. 2018. Identification of potentially pathogenic bacteria from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and channel catfish (Clarias batrachus) culture in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 480-488. This research was conducted to isolate, identify, and characterize pathogenic bacteria from feces and water of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and channel catfish (Clarias batrachus) culture from two selected locations in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Bacteria were cultured and isolated on NA, TSA, and BHIA media at 30oC for 24 h. Colonies of the isolated bacteria were characterized morphologically in terms of their shape, chromogenesis, edge, and size. Antibiotic sensitivity test on each bacterial isolate was completed using inhibition zone tests. Commercial antibiotics used in this research were nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, and norfloxacin. Koch’s postulates test was done by intraperitoneal injection of bacterial suspension to tilapia (15 g weight) at 103-109 CFU mL-1 in triplicates to determine the pathogenicity of each bacterium. Overall, there were 37 isolates obtained from different sources and growth media that belonged to 14 species: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (1 isolate), Aerococcus urinae (2 isolates), Aerococcus viridans (1 isolate), Aeromonas hydrophila (1 isolate), Citrobacter freundii (5 isolates), Enterobacter amnigenus (2 isolate), Enterobacter cloacae (4 isolates), Escherichia coli (3 isolates), Listeria sp. (1 isolate), Niseria sp. (4 isolates), Pantoea spp. (1 isolate), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1 isolate), Staphylococcus aureus (9 isolates), and Streptococcus iniae (2 isolates). Sixteen of the isolates were grown in BHIA medium, 12 isolates in TSA medium and 9 isolates in NA medium. The highest mortality was found in tilapia injected with Enterobacter sp., Listeria sp. and Streptococcus sp. at a density of 109 CFU mL-1. However, the number of bacteria causing mortality in fish was approximately 104-108 CFU mL-1. All bacteria detected in the tilapia and channel catfish cultures were also known as putative pathogens in human.
TL;DR: Basyuni et al. as discussed by the authors described the growth, biomass, and polyisoprenoids (polyprenol and dolichol) distribution of R. apiculata seedlings under saline and subsequent fresh water treatment.
Abstract: . Basyuni M, Wasilah M, Hasibuan PAZ, Sulistiyono N, Sumardi, Bimantara Y, Hayati R, Sagami H, Oku H. 2019. Salinity and subsequent freshwater influences on the growth, biomass, and polyisoprenoids distribution of Rhizophora apiculata seedlings. Biodiversitas 20: 388-395. This study described the growth, biomass, and polyisoprenoids (polyprenol and dolichol) distribution of Rhizophora apiculata seedlings under saline and subsequent fresh water treatment. Propagules of R. apiculata were collected from Pulau Sembilan, Langkat, North Sumatra and were grown in 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 3.0% salt concentrations for three months. After three months planted in a glass house, R. apiculata seedlings were divided into two groups and grown for another three months. The first group was continuously grown under the saline condition and the second was moved to fresh water to recover from the saline condition. The leaves, stems, and roots of R. apiculata seedlings were harvested after six months of cultivation. Polyisoprenoids alcohol was isolated from the leaves and roots of R. apiculata seedlings and analyzed using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. Growth parameters measured were height and diameter of R. apiculata seedlings. The height of R. apiculata seedlings was significantly affected by salinity levels of 2.0%, 3.0% and 3.0% ? 0.0%. The arrow (?) denoted fresh water recovery treatment. The best height and diameter of R. apiculata seedlings were observed in 0.5% salt concentration. Salinity treatment and re-adaptation into freshwater significantly influenced the leaves area (2.0%, 3.0% and 3.0% ? 0.0%), fresh weight of stem (3.0% and 3% ? 0.0%) and stem dry weight (3% ? 0.0%). Distribution of polyprenols and dolichols in the leaves and roots of R. apiculata seedlings were categorized as type I, where dolichol was dominant over polyprenol. Under salinity and subsequent fresh water recovery treatments (0.0%, 1.5%, 1.5% ? 0.0%, 3.0%, and 3.0% ? 0.0%), the carbon chain length of dolichol in the leaves and in the roots was, respectively, C85-C100, C85-C100, C85-C105, C85-C100, C85-C95 and C85-C105, C85-C105, C85-C105, C85-C110, C85-C100. These data suggested the significant role of polyisoprenoids in mangrove plants to withstand salt stress and or water stress.
TL;DR: DNA barcoding technique successfully identifies shark fins collected in local markets in Malaysian Borneo at species level employed during this study, and there were four clades that distinguish the four different orders present in the sample species.
Abstract: Md-Zain BM, Abid-Kamal SNA, Aifat NR, Abdul-Latiff MAB, Mohd-Hashim A, Ampeng A, Yaakop S, Samat A. 2018. Molecular identification of shark fins in Malaysian Borneo’s local markets. Biodiversitas 19: 1035-1043. A molecular study was carried out to investigate the potential of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene as a molecular marker for the genetic identification of shark fin samples that have gone through various preservation processes. A total number of 17 shark fin samples were collected from local markets in Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo). The DNA sequences of the 17 samples were amplified by using polymerase chain reaction. The results from the analysis showed that, in the 17 sequences, there were 16 haplotypes present, with 244 sites from 688 bp of the sequences. For phylogeny analysis, tree topologies were reconstructed using the neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods. DNA barcoding technique successfully identifies shark fins collected in local markets in Malaysian Borneo at species level employed during this study. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there were four clades that distinguish the four different orders present in the sample species. These clades had bootstrap values higher than 80. In addition, results indicated that 88.2% of the individuals are listed as endangered (Lamiopsis tephrodes, Sphyrna mokarran, and Sphyrna lewini), vulnerable (Alopias pelagicus and Rhynchobatus australiae), and near threatened (Carcharhinus limbatus, Chiloscyllium griseum, Carcharhinus sorrah, and Carcharhinus brevipinna), in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red Data List.
TL;DR: The results showed that based onmorphological identification, there were five Dipterocarpaceae species found namely; Parashorea lucida, Shorea parvifolia, Shorealepidota, ShoreA johorensis, and Hopea dryobalanoides.
Abstract: Harnelly E, Thomy Z, Fathiya N. 2018. Phylogenetic analysis of Dipterocarpaceae in Ketambe Research Station, Gunung Leuser National Park (Sumatra, Indonesia) based on rbcL and matK genes. Biodiversitas 19: 1074-1080. Gunung Leuser National Park has several Research Stations. Ketambe is one of the Research Stations which is located in Aceh Tenggara district, Aceh province. One of the timber plants family which is abundant in Leuser Mountain is Dipterocarpaceae. However, the data of species and relationship of Dipterocarpaceae in Ketambe Research Station is lack and not available. The aim of the study is to analyze the phylogenetic of Dipterocarpaceae based on rbcL and matK gene in Ketambe Research Station. This research was carried out from July 2015 to August 2016 in Ketambe Research Station and Forestry and Forest Genetics Laboratory of Molecular, Bogor Agricultural University. The method used quadrat sampling technique with purposive sampling and experimental laboratory consisting of DNA extraction, PCR, electrophoresis, and sequencing. The data analysis was done using BioEdit and MEGA6. The results showed that based on morphological identification, there were five Dipterocarpaceae species found namely; Parashorea lucida, Shorea parvifolia, Shorea lepidota, Shorea johorensis, and Hopea dryobalanoides. The phylogenetic tree based on rbcL gene showed that there were two monophyletic groups, the first group was S. johorensis, S. lepidota, and H. dryobalanoides; and the second group consisted of S. parvifolia and P. lucida. The phylogenetic tree reconstruction based on matK gene showed that Shorea parvifolia and S. johorensis were separated in two different monophyletic groups.
TL;DR: The research identified the selected indigenous endophyte bacteria isolates acquired from a previous study using 16S rRNA identifications and screened the selected endophytic indigenous bacteria to control both R. indonesiensis and Foc.
Abstract: Yanti Y, Warnita, Reflin, Busniah M. 2018. Indigenous endophyte bacteria ability to control Ralstonia and Fusarium wilt disease on chili pepper. Biodiversitas 19: 1532-1538. Bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt caused by Ralstonia syzigii subsp. indonesiensis and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici (Foc), respectively are the most damaging vascular pathogens in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and many other crops limiting their production, worldwide. Various strategies have been developed to control wilt pathogens including the application of chemical pesticides, which generally considered as the most effective and fastest strategy for plant disease management. However, effective chemicals for wilt pathogens of chili pepper plants are not available, yet. Endophytic bacteria considered as one of options to control vascular wilt disease because of its ability to live and colonize in internal roots of plants. Previous research has been done to select endophytic indigenous bacteria isolates which can promote growth rate of chili pepper. The purpose of the research was to identify the selected indigenous endophyte bacteria isolates acquired from our previous study using 16S rRNA identifications and to screen the selected endophytic indigenous bacteria to control both R. syzigii subsp. indonesiensis and Foc. Results from 16S r RNA analysis showed that all of 9 isolates were identified as Bacillus spp., such as Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Bacillus pseudomycoides strain NBRC 101232, Bacillus toyonensis strain BCT-7112, Bacillus thuringiensis strain ATCC 10792, Bacillus weihenstephanensis strain DSM 11821, Bacillus mycoides strain 273, Bacillus cereus strain NBRC 15305, Bacillus bingmayongensis strain FJAT-13831 and Bacillus manliponensis strain BL4-6. Our results showed that most of endophytic bacteria isolates application could control both bacterial and Fusarium wilt diseases. Six out of nine isolates can suppress R. syzigii subsp. indonesiensis without developing any symptoms and five isolates could suppress symptoms of Foc. Isolates Bacillus pseudomycoides strain NBRC 101232 Bacillus thuringiensis strain ATCC 10792 and Bacillus mycoides strain 273 were potential for control Foc and R. syzigii subsp. indonesiensis in chili pepper.
TL;DR: Iskandar et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the trading network for these edible plant commodities; and the role of traditional markets in supporting the conservation of biodiversity in the edible plants traded.
Abstract: Iskandar BS, Iskandar J, Irawan B, Partasasmita R. 2018. Traditional markets and diversity of edible plant trading: Case study in Ujung Berung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 437-452. Traditional markets are where traders and buyers meet; places where the supply and demand activities of selling and buying between traders and buyers occur. Buying and selling activities are realized based on the practice of bargaining, made possible by a negotiated willingness to slide a price. In bargaining, social relationships are activated. Traditional markets are managed by local companies called PD Pasar. The traders are generally small business groups. A particular feature of traditional markets is that they are primarily places to trade various foodstuffs that are needed by urban dwellers, including products such as rice and other additional staple foods, vegetables, spices and fruits. The aim of the study reported here was to detail various edible plant species and their variations (landraces) that are the source of products traded in a typical traditional market of West Java, Indonesia. The products of interest to us included carbohydrate staple foods, vegetables, spices, and fruits, produced by village farmers. We investigated the trading network for these edible plant commodities; and the role of traditional markets in supporting the conservation of biodiversity in the edible plants traded. The method used in this study was qualitative, applying an ethnobotanical approach. Field techniques of direct observation, participant observation and deep interview were applied. The results of the study showed that the traditional market of Ujung Berung, in Bandung, West Java, plays an important role in trading various edible plants produced by village farmers. Altogether, 120 plant species were recorded in the market, out of a total of 188 variants (species, and intra-species landraces), representing 44 families. There were 103 species that provided vegetables, 58 species used as spices, 39 species used for their fruits, and 10 that provided carbohydrate staple foods. In general, these plants commodities traded in the Ujung Berung traditional market are supplied by village traders or are bought from the central market in Bandung. The traditional market of Ujung Berung, Bandung has an important role as a place of economic activity for small businesses Furthermore, it is a factor supporting biodiversity in the edible plants traded.
TL;DR: It was found that while somemorphological characters exhibited negligible variation among clones, there were significant differences between clones for other characters, and Morphological variation was also observed in somequantitative characters.
Abstract: . Ramadiana S, Hapsoro D, Yusnita Y.2018. Morphological variation among fifteen superior robusta coffee clones in Lampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1475-1481. This study aimed to characterize morphological variation among fifteen superior robusta coffee clones in Lampung Province. The fifteen clones consisted of four clones released by the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), i.e. ‘BP 409’,‘BP936’, ‘BP939’, ‘SA 237’, together with eleven superior coffee clones selected by farmers from Tanggamus District (‘Tugino’, ‘Wanto’, ‘Biyadi’, ‘Komari’, ‘Wardi’, ‘Wariso’) and from West Lampung District (‘Tugu Kuning’, ‘Tugu Hijau', ‘Tugu Biru', ‘Tugu Sari', ‘Lengkong'). Fifteen qualitative and seven quantitative morphological characters were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replicates for each clone,each replication consisted of two plants. From each plant, four samples were taken from four sides of the plant (north, south, west, and east). It was found that while some morphological characters exhibited negligible variation among clones, there were significant differences between clones for other characters. The characters that did not differ significantly between clones were: shapes of leaf base and leaf tip; petiole color; leafvenation pattern; fruit disk shape; ripe-fruit color; and stipule shape. The characters that varied between clones were shape of leaf lamina (elliptical vs. lanceolate); fruit shape (round vs. oval); and shape of leaf margins. Morphological variation was also observed in some quantitative characters: canopy diameter; tree height; stem diameter; leaf length; leaf width; petiole length; stipule length; and number of primary branches
TL;DR: The assessment of these rhizobacteria for plant growth promoting attributes revealed that B. licheniformis WI 90 possessed higher phosphorus solubilization activity than Micrococcus sp.
Abstract: Dar GH, Sofi S, Padder SA, Aisha Kabli A. 2018. Molecular characterization of rhizobacteria isolated from walnut (Juglans regia) rhizosphere in Western Himalayas and assessment of their plant growth promoting activities. Biodiversitas 19: 712-719. The present study was aimed to isolate and characterize effective bacteria from the rhizosphere of walnut (Juglans regia) grown in North Western Himalayas and assess their growth promoting potential so that they may, in future, be exploited as biofertilizers. Based on preliminary screening of 98 bacterial isolates obtained from four walnut growing districts of Kashmir valley during survey in 2015, 12 isolates were characterized morpho-biochemically and molecularly basis. On the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing they were identified as Bacillus licheniformis WI 90, B. tequilensis WI 62, B. cereus WI 36, B. subtilis strains WI 63 and WI 65, Micrococcus luteus strains WI 12, WI 41 and WI 80; M. yunnanensis strains WI 60 and WI 30 and Micrococcus sp. strains WI 11 and WI 91. The assessment of these rhizobacteria for plant growth promoting attributes revealed that B. licheniformis WI 90 possessed higher phosphorus solubilization activity (312 mg/L), followed by Micrococcus sp. WI 91 (267 mg/L) while high siderophore was produced by M. luteus WI 12 (27.2% siderophore units), followed by B. licheniformis WI 90. B. cereus strains WI 36. High IAA contents (30 µg/mL) was yielded by WI 41, followed by M. yunnanensis WI 60 (28 µg IAA/mL) while higher and statistically at par gibberellic acid was produced by B. licheniformis WI 90, Micrococcus sp. WI 91 and M. luteus WI 80. Higher chitinase enzyme activity was observed in B. subtilis WI 63 (30.5 units/mL), followed by B. tequilensis WI 62 (25.3 units/mL) and B. subtilis WI 65 (25.1 units/mL). The study revealed high plant growth promoting potential in these rhizobacteria.
TL;DR: Iskandar et al. as mentioned in this paper discussed the impact of social and economic change on the genetic diversity of agricultural plants of the wet rice field and home-garden farming, particularly based on data from West Java.
Abstract: .Iskandar J, Iskandar BS, Partasasmita R. 2018. Review: The impact of social and economic change on domesticated plant diversity with special reference to wet rice field and home-garden farming of West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 565-577. The Impact of social and economic change on genetic diversity of domesticated plants with special reference to wet rice field and home-garden farming of West Java. Various farming systems have played an important role as sources of genetic diversity in plants. A large number of cultivated varieties have been commonly selected, maintained, and distributed by farmers and cultural practices and ecological factors have been involved. These factors, such as soil, climate, pests, and culinary, magical and ritual uses, have influenced farmers in their selection of plants in farming systems. Nowadays, however, the number of plant varieties in various farming systems of Java has dramatically declined. This article attempts to discuss the impact of social and economic change on the genetic diversity of agricultural plants of the wet rice field and home-garden farming, particularly based on data from West Java.
TL;DR: Mutaqin et al. as mentioned in this paper used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, but the former was used more than the latter The primary data were collected through structured and semi-structured interviews, participant observation, exploration, and plant sample collection.
Abstract: Mutaqin AZ, Fatharani M, Iskandar J, Partasasmita R. 2018. Utilization of Araceae by local community in Cisoka Village, Cikijing Sub-district, Majalengka District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 640-651. Various species of Araceae plants are widely used by the tribes of Sunda as food. However, cultivation is increasingly rare inWest Java region, and is found in some places only. One area where many people still grow Araceae plants is Cisoka Village, Cikijing Sub-district, Majalengka District, West Java Province, Indonesia. This paper aims to explain the reason for the cultivation of Araceae by the local community in the Village of Cisoka. This study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, but the former was used more than the latter The primary data were collected through structured and semi-structured interviews, participant observation, exploration, and plant sample collection. The data were analyzed descriptively with emic and ethic approaches. The results of the study showed that 20 species and 13 varieties (landraces) of Araceae plants were used by the community. The parts of plant traditionally used by the commumity were tuber, petiole, and leaf. The utilization of the Araceae plants were categorized into 4 main functions, namely, as food, medicine, decoration, and fish feed. The species of Araceae were commonly cultivated in various agroecosystem types, mainly home gardens, gardens, and rice fields.
TL;DR: These fungi will make an important contribution to the biological control for insect pests in lowland to highland ecosystems in Indonesia.
Abstract: Safitri A, Herlinda S, Setiawan A. 2018. Entomopathogenic fungi of soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2365-2373. Ecosystems of lowlands and highlands in South Sumatra have specific characteristics of soils and vegetations that can affect the availability of entomopathogenic fungi. This study aimed to explore and identify species and to determine inoculum potentials of the entomopathogenic fungi from soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands. Baiting of entomopathogenic fungi on soil samples used the larvae of Tenebrio molitor. The entomopathogenic fungi species found in this research were Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. The number of the fungal isolates were 30 isolates consisting of nine isolates of B. bassiana and 21 isolates of M. anisopliae.The highest number of isolates was found in the highland ecosystem (11 isolates) and the lowest was found in peatland ecosystem (4 isolates). The highest percentage average of inoculum potentials of the fungi was found in the high land ecosystem (4.04%) and the lowest one was found in freshwater swamps ecosystem (2.11%). Based on the vegetation type, the soil planted with mustard in Talang Patai-Pagaralam (highland ecosystem) had the highest inoculum potentials (9.33%). These fungi will make an important contribution to the biological control for insect pests in lowland to highland ecosystems in Indonesia.
TL;DR: Rachmat et al. as discussed by the authors described the current condition of the forest in Mursala island, and determined the vegetation composition and association between D. cinereus and other major tree species in site.
Abstract: Rachmat HH, Subiakto A, Wijaya K, Susilowati A. 2018. Alarming call from Mursala Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia: The urgent task for conserving the previously reported extinct of Dipterocarpus cinereus. Biodiversitas 19: 399-405. IUCN Red List (1998) declared that the Mursalan endemic Dipterocarpus cinereus was extinct in the wild, but brief exploration conducted in the first quarter of 2013 found that there were few numbers of D. cinereus still growing in the island. The objectives of this research were: to describe the current condition of the forest in Mursala island; and to determine the vegetation composition and association between D. cinereus and other major tree species in site. Identifying forest condition and the potential value of the non-timber product was done descriptively through direct observation and interview with local inhabitants. The vegetation analysis was carried out by a purposive stratified technique in three lines each consisting of 4-8 plots (quadrats). The size of each sampling plot was 1,000 m2 (r= 17.8 m) with the total of 20 plots. The result showed that D. cinereus is still growing in the middle part until the top of the ridges. Importance Value Index (IVI) for the top five species were 32.37, 39.47, 17.43, 15.18 and 11.04 respectively for D. cinereus, Shorea acuminata, Arenga pinnata, Shorea falcifera and Hopea sangal. Among those five dominant species, only D. cinereus with S. falcifera and D. cinereus with A. pinnata had a significant association. Our study also determined that calling for species conservation is alarming rate and those not only needed for D. cinereus alone but island ecosystem as a whole.
TL;DR: In the fauna of mantids and orthopterans of the Mordovia Reserve, three ecological groups were identified: polytopic, not confined to certain biotopes, hygrophilous representatives of intrazonal habitats (5 species) and xerophiles and the steppe group was not represented.
Abstract: Ruchin A, Mikhailenko AP. 2018. Fauna of mantids and orthopterans (Insecta: Mantodea, Orthoptera) of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, Russia. Biodiversitas 19: 1194-1206. The data on the distribution and habitat confinement of one Mantodea species and 44 Orthoptera species in the Mordovia State Nature Reserve are given. Of these, one species of Orthoptera (Calliptamus italicus) is recorded for the first time for the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, four species (Mantis religiosa, Phaneroptera falcata, Conocephalus fuscus, Tettigonia caudata) are recently penetrated, one species (Conocephalus fuscus) is reported in the Republic of Mordovia for the first time. In the fauna of mantids and orthopterans of the Mordovia Reserve, three ecological groups were identified: polytopic, not confined to certain biotopes (14 species), hygrophilous representatives of intrazonal habitats (5 species) and xerophiles. Among the latter, there are species of extrazonal habitats (13 species) and confined to dry pine forests (7 species). The steppe group was not represented. For the three key habitats with the largest number of identified species, brief botanical descriptions are given. Factors influencing the species composition and current state of fauna of mantises and orthopterans of the Mordovia Reserve are discussed, and measures are proposed for the conservation of vulnerable species.
TL;DR: Barbs banksi gunungtujuh is proposed as an appropriate name to P. binotatus from Gunung Tujuh Lake based on Cytochrome Oxidase-I (COI) gene, which represents the differences at the subspecies level of Barbodes banksi.
Abstract: Roesma D. I, Tjong D. H, Karlina W, Aidil D. R. 2019. Taxonomy confirmation of Puntius cf. binotatus from Gunung Tujuh Lake based on Cytochrome Oxidase-I (COI) gene. Biodiversitas 20: 54-60. The population of Puntius cf. binotatus Gunung Tujuh Lake in considered as an isolated population which found in the 20-30 meters depth under the water Gunung Tujuh Lake, Sumatra Island. The species often exhibit different phenotypic characters and may genetic characters may also different due to their response to habitat/ecological conditions. Previous study on P. binotatus from several locations in West Sumatra showed the complexity of the genetic and morphological characters. A molecular study using COI gene of P. cf. binotatus from Gunung Tujuh Lake in Sumatera has been conducted to determine the taxonomic status of the fish. The distinct morphological characters of Puntius cf. binotatus is one black spot in the middle of the caudal and the absent of black spot on the base of the anterior dorsal ray. The analysis on COI gene showed that the range of sequence divergences between P. cf. binotatus Gunung Tujuh Lake and other Sumatra P. cf. binotatus is 3.1-7.6% and 4.1% to Barbodes banksi. This value represents the differences at the subspecies level of Barbodes banksi. Therefore Barbodes banksi gunungtujuh is proposed as an appropriate name to P. cf. binotatus Gunung Tujuh Lake.
TL;DR: Sarminah et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the effect of rehabilitation and soil conservation using sengon-peanut agroforestry system on degraded land at different soil slopes (a steep and a slightly steep slope gradient).
Abstract: Sarminah S, Karyati, Karmini, Simbolon J, Tambunan E. 2018. Rehabilitation and soil conservation of degraded land using sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 19: 222-228. Rehabilitation and soil conservation effort on degraded lands is not always a success. Multiple factors, such as the field’ biogeophysical conditions and the choice of suitable plant species determine the effectivity of the rehabilitation program. Our research aimed to implement agroforestry system of sengon (Falcataria moluccana) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) on degraded land at different soil slopes (a steep and a slightly steep slope gradient) and to analyze the effect of the system on silvicultural and hydro-orological aspects of the degraded land. The silvicultural parameters examined in this study were the ground coverage of peanut growth and the stem diameter and height of sengon trees. Meanwhile, the hydro-orological parameters included potential erosion rate, erosion hazard index, and erosion hazard level. Our study revealed that on the land with the slightly steep slope (15-25%), the survival rate of sengon reached 90%, the ground coverage of the peanuts was 70-80%, the diameter and height increment of sengon trees reached 2.47 cm/year and 17.58 cm/year, respectively. Meanwhile, the potential erosion rate was 20.05 ton/ha/year, with an erosion hazard index of 0.80 (low) and a low hazard level. In the steeper ground (25-40%), the survival rate of sengon reached 90%, the peanut coverage was 50-60% and the diameter and height increment of the sengon were 2.37 cm/year and 16.41 cm/year, respectively. In the steep ground, potential erosion rate was 45.50 ton/ha/year, with an erosion hazard index of 3.25 (moderate) and a low hazard level. We concluded that the rehabilitation and soil conservation using sengon-peanut agroforestry system effectively suppressed erosion rate to a low erosion hazard.
TL;DR: Gunawan et al. as discussed by the authors reported local knowledge of the Cipanggulaan people of Cianjur, West Java on landraces of sugar palm; identified various uses of sugar palms by those people, and described traditional management systems for the sugar palm conducted by the people.
Abstract: Gunawan R, Ramadhan UG, Iskandar J, Partasasmita R. 2017. Local knowledge of utilization and management of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) among Cipanggulaan People of Karyamukti, Cianjur (West Java, Indonesia). Biodiversitas 19: 93-105. Sugar palm, locally known as kawung or aren, (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr.) has long been known for its various ecological, economic, and socio-cultural uses among rural people of West Java. Rural people have utilized and managed kawung based on their local knowledge. Nowadays, however, the abundance of kawung trees has been decreasing in many areas, for example, through reduction in planting and destruction. The decreasing experience in managing kawung trees among local people has eroded their local knowledge, and therefore documenting this knowledge is important before it disappears entirely. This paper (i) reports local knowledge of the Cipanggulaan people of Cianjur, West Java on landraces of sugar palm; (ii) identifies various uses of sugar palm by those people, and (iii) describes traditional management systems for the sugar palm conducted by those people. This study adopted qualitative methods developed in ethnobotany based on participant observation and in-depth interviews. Research findings identified two local landraces and at least 10 different plant parts used in various ways. Particular attention was paid to the making of palm sugar in various ways. Conservation of the sugar palm has traditionally been conducted by selective harvesting of the sugar palm fruit and allowing some palms to regenerate naturally.
TL;DR: Results showed that these isolates (especially G. lucidum-like) are species to watch out as for Ganoderma root rot pathogen, which can be a potential source of inoculum for A. mangium.
Abstract: Suryantini R, Wulandari RS. 2018. Diversity of Ganoderma pathogen in Pontianak, West Kalimantan: Characteristics, virulence and ability to infect Acacia mangium seedlings. Biodiversitas 19: 465-471. The study aimed to determine morphological characteristics and virulence of Ganoderma isolates. The method that was used: isolation and characterization isolate from Acacia mangium, palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis); inoculation of isolate in A. mangium; its influence to seedling dry weight. Results showed that isolated from A. mangium is G. lucidum, from palm oil is G. boninense and isolated from rubber plant is G. applanatum. Symptoms were observed within 3 months after inoculation. Symptoms began with chlorosis, necrosis and then seedling death. The G. lucidum is of highest virulent (2.08) compare to G. boninense (1.42). Whereas the one which isolated from rubber plant is moderately virulent (0.92). Ganoderma infection was indicated by decreasing the dry weight of infected seedlings. Difference type of isolates did not significantly effect to the decreasing of seedling dry weight 3.82 g (inoculated by G. lucidum), 4.01 g (inoculated by G. boninense), 5.02 g (inoculated by G. applanatum). These results showed that these isolates (especially G. lucidum-like) are species to watch out as for Ganoderma root rot pathogen. The presence of perennials such as palm oil and infected rubber, can be a potential source of inoculum for A. mangium.
TL;DR: In this paper, Murniati et al. studied the method and cost of peatland preparation, alternative incentive schemes to be applied in order to facilitate zero burning farming as well as to identify potential stakeholders involved in the implementation of the incentive.
Abstract: Murniati, Suharti S. 2018. Towards zero burning peatland preparation: Incentive scheme and stakeholders role. Biodiversitas 19: 1396-1405. Zero burning during peatland preparation should be implemented to prevent disturbance of its natural biodiversity as well as to minimize the triggering factors of forest fire incidents in Indonesia. The objective of the research is to study method and cost of peatland preparation, alternative incentive schemes to be applied in order to facilitate zero burning farming as well as to identify potential stakeholders involved in the implementation of the incentive. The research was done in Siak District, Riau Province during May to December 2016 through field observation and interview. Two groups of respondents interviewed in the research, i.e., peatland farmers (40 respondents) and officials of related institutions (32 respondents), who were selected through purposive sampling method. The results showed there were three methods of peatland preparation at the research sites practiced by the farmers: (i) Under control burning, (ii) Zero burning, manually and (iii) Zero burning, mechanically. Actual cost of zero burning is significantly higher or more than two times than that of under control burning method. Therefore, there is a need to provide the smallholders peatland farmers with an incentive scheme to support zero burning practice. Margin of cost between zero burning (manually) and under control burning of peatland preparation methods is recommended to be used as standard for incentive. The incentive should be in the form of compulsory programs and applied gradually to assure zero burning peatland preparation widely implemented. Potential stakeholders involved and their commitment to implement the incentive scheme should be encouraged.
TL;DR: The finding of polyisoprenoid pattern of E. guineensis as dura type in mangrove and paddy field sites may reveal significant causes of yield gap in oil palm plantation from planting materials.
Abstract: Basyuni M, Wati R, Deni I, Tia AR, Slamet B, Siregar ES, Syahputra I. 2018. Cluster analysis of polyisoprenoid in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) leaves in different land-uses to find the possible cause of yield gap from planting materials. Biodiversitas 19: 1492-1501. The distribution and occurrence of polyprenols and dolichols in the leaves of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations in different land-uses in North Sumatra, Indonesia were analyzed using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D-TLC). Eighty-one of oil palm leaves were sampled to represent twenty-seven sites of land-uses, namely paddy field (four locations), mangrove (three locations) in Lubuk Kertang, Langkat, North Sumatra. In addition, samples from four groups of smallholders in Stabat, Langkat, six sites in Bangun Bandar, Serdang Bedagai, and ten sites on the campus of Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), North Sumatra were collected. In the leaves, only one type (type II) with respect to the distribution of polyisoprenoids was detected: having the presence of both polyprenols and dolichols. Either type I, having predominance of dolichols over polyprenols or type III, displaying dominating polyprenols over dolichols were not observed. Results also showed that chain-length distribution of ficaprenols (C50-C60) without longer polyprenols (C85-C100) and dolichols of C85-C100 was detected in the paddy field, mangroves, and one site in USU campus. This polyisoprenoid profile was close to dura type of Elaeis guineensis. By contrast, the remaining land-uses had ficaprenols and longer polyprenols, and dolichols (C85-C100), which belong to tenera or pisifera type. To confirm this finding, a dendrogram was constructed. Cluster analysis demonstrated that twenty-seven sites of E. guineensis were grouped into appropriate types of dura, pifiera, and tenera accordingly, indicating that the existence of polyisoprenoids in E. guineensis was a chemotaxonomic marker. The finding of polyisoprenoid pattern of E. guineensis as dura type in mangrove and paddy field sites may reveal significant causes of yield gap in oil palm plantation from planting materials.
TL;DR: The results showed that as many as 34 actinomycete isolates collected from pineapple rhizosphere produced clear zones, and two isolates, namely GGF2-i5 and GGF4-i18, presented the biggest clear zone were proposed as the potential antagonist strains against D. zeae.
Abstract: Aeny TN, Prasetyo J, Suharjo R, Dirmawati SR, Efri, Niswati A. 2018. Isolation and Identification of actinomycetes potential as the antagonist of Dickeya zeae pineapple soft rot in Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2052-2058. This study was aimed to collect and identify actinomycetes from the rhizosphere of pineapple with the potency as a biocontrol agent of Dickeya zeae, the pathogen of pineapple soft rot. Soil samples were collected from four different pineapple plantations in Lampung Province, in December 2016. Samples were air-dried, serially diluted, and plated on modified ISP2 medium and several single characterized colonies were sub cultured and purified. The growing colonies were grouped into different colour series based on their aerial-mycelia and substrate-mycelia colors. Antagonistic activity of the actinomycetes isolates were evaluated against Dickeya zeae by agar diffusion method using the same medium agar lawn with the bacterial cultures. Selected antagonistic actinomycete isolates with the biggest clear zone formation were further characterized and identified molecularly based on 16S rDNA sequences. The results showed that as many as 34 actinomycete isolates collected from pineapple rhizosphere produced clear zones. Two isolates, namely GGF2-i5 and GGF4-i18, presented the biggest clear zone were proposed as the potential antagonist strains against D. zeae and identified as Streptomyces parvulus and Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus, respectively. Both of the 16S rRNA gene sequences from those strains were deposited in the GenBank with the accession number MH170279 and MH170280, respectively.