Showing papers in "Brain Research in 1988"

TL;DR: The results show that the transition of glutamate from neurotransmitter to neurotoxin is facilitated when cellular energy is limited in cultured cerebellar neurons, demonstrating that glucose metabolism, ATP production, and functioning Na+,K+-ATPases are necessary to generate a resting potential sufficient to maintain the voltage-dependent Mg2+ block of the NMDA receptor channel.

TL;DR: A late PS potentiation of a second non-tetanized pathway to CA1 pyramidal cells has been observed for the first time and suggests that the maintenance of LTP is dependent on a postsynaptic mechanism.

TL;DR: Fluorescent retrograde axonal tracing combined with in situ hybridization histochemistry demonstrated that the majority of neurons expressing enkephalin project to the globus pallidus and fewProject to the substantia nigra, whereas the reverse obtains for neurons expressing dynorphin and substance P.

TL;DR: In the awake, unrestrained rat, the cardiovascular and visceromotor responses to colorectal distension are quantifiable, reliable and reproducible signs of acute visceral nociception.

TL;DR: BrdU immunohistochemistry is suitable for developmental studies of the CNS; moreover, it provides several advantages over [3H]dT autoradiography.

TL;DR: It is concluded that following partial unilateral damage to mesostriatal DA projections there are massive changes in the remaining DA terminals that are sufficient to normalize the extracellular (and presumably synaptic) concentrations of DA.

TL;DR: The neurotransmitter glutamate was found to specifically affect the cytoarchitecture of hippocampal pyramidal neuron dendrites in a graded manner which suggests that glutamate may be involved in: establishing hippocampal circuitry during brain development; maintaining and modifying circuitry in the adult; and inducing neurodegeneration in several disorders including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke.

TL;DR: In anesthetized rats, θ-rhythm may play a modulating role in the induction of LTP, suggesting a possible mnemonic function for the rhythm during the behaviors in which it occurs.

TL;DR: Animals showed a marked hypersensitivity to the motor stimulant effects of an AMPH challenge, even after 15-20 days of withdrawal, and this hyperdopaminergic behavioral syndrome was accompanied by significantly elevated DA release in the ventral striatum, in contrast, AMPH pretreatment had no effect on the basal extracellular concentrations of DA.

TL;DR: The results suggest that this neurotoxic mechanism is extremely active in the immature brain and implicated excessiveN-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activation in the pathogenesis of hypopoxic-ischemic and hypoglycemic injury.

TL;DR: It is shown that the sites which bind AVP with high affinity in the brain are V1 receptors, different both from the renal V2 receptors and from the anterior pituitary V1b receptors.

TL;DR: The organization of retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) projections in the rat and hamster was studied using anterograde transport of cholera toxin conjugated to HRP (CT-HRP).

TL;DR: The results suggest that TNF and IL-1β act directly in the central nervous system to suppress feeding, and this effect may be operative during acute and chronic disease.

TL;DR: A marked increase of bFGF immunoreactivity was found at the borders of lesions, localized to the dense accumulation of cells, many of which resembled 'reactive' astroglia, which may contribute to the cascade of cellular changes--including glial and capillary proliferation, and neural sprouting--that follows focal brain injury.

TL;DR: The present study indicated that GABAergic neurons in the Str are not a single morphological type and that most Str projection neurons are GABAergic.

TL;DR: The homogeneity of the synaptosomes in each of the 5 subcellular fractions obtained with the S1-Percoll method was determined biochemically by analysis of the distribution of total protein, myelin basic protein, synapsin I and pyruvate dehydrogenase across the gradient, and their morphological characteristics were determined.

TL;DR: The results indicate that recurrent waves of SD do not induce irreversible neuronal injury in the otherwise normal rat brain.

TL;DR: In barbiturate-anaesthetized spinal cats, antibody microprobes were used to examine immunoreactive substance P (irSP) release at sites within the spinal cord following cutaneous stimuli, supporting a role for SP in the transmission of information from nociceptors to spinal neurones.

TL;DR: It was observed following unilateral injection of KA into the PAG that defence reactions, including attack, were elicited by approach in the visual hemifield or touch of the body contralateral, but not ipsilateral to the injection site.

TL;DR: The segmental distribution of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) and dorsal root ganglion cells (DRGs) was studied after Fluoro-gold injections into the major sympathetic ganglia and adrenal gland in rats and four general patterns of innervation were apparent.

TL;DR: While Timm's staining of MFs in the inner molecular layer was not directly correlated with seizure scores, animals which exhibited chronic seizures had significantly more sprouting than animals which did not have seizures.

TL;DR: The results suggest that dopaminergic mechanisms regulate gain and selectivity in the basal ganglia in animals with decreased dopamine functions, and the excessive and unselective motor responses may explain all 3 major signs of parkinsonism.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the neurons of the subthalamic nucleus in primates utilize the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate instead of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA.

TL;DR: In this article, three knife cut procedures were used and one of these succeeded in separating the SCN from the optic chiasm in 8 animals with limited damage to the chiasm and SCN.

TL;DR: It is suggested that cholinergic pontomesencephalic neurons may be critically involved in the generation of paradoxical sleep and its phasic events.

TL;DR: These experiments indicate that endogenous release of excitatory amino acids and their action on the NMDA receptor play an important role in the initiation, propagation and duration of SD.

TL;DR: In addition to neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, antibodies to human tau revealed extensive tau-immunoreactive meshworks in layers III and V of the neocortex affected with Alzheimer's disease.

TL;DR: This is the first afferent input known to elicit bursting in dopamine neurons, obtained from mesencephalic dopamine neurons in urethane-anesthetized rats.

TL;DR: From results, it was suggested that astrocytes in the molecular layer of the cortex and the white matter adjacent to the lesion proliferated in response to the injury and expressed vimentin transiently, then acquired GFAP, and that astrosciences in the IInd to VIth layers of the cerebral cortex became reactive astroCytes without mitosis.

TL;DR: An abrupt reduction in the density of NMDA binding sites after P8 (postnatal day) without change in affinity is found, suggesting that they may play a particularly important role in synaptogenesis.