Showing papers in "Chest in 2018"

TL;DR: The updated evidence base is used to provide recommendations where the evidence allows, and statements based on experience and expert consensus where it does not, and to optimize the approach to low‐dose CT screening.

TL;DR: This article performed systematic reviews using the population, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) format to answer the following key clinical question: are the CHEST 2006 classifications of acute, subacute and chronic cough and associated management algorithms in adults that were based on durations of cough useful?

TL;DR: Given the nascent nature of this field, areas of uncertainty and emerging research questions in the burgeoning field of checkpoint inhibitor pulmonary toxicity are highlighted.

TL;DR: The present article reviews the definitions, types of algorithms, applications, challenges, and future of big data and data science in critical care.

TL;DR: This article reviews sleep changes in female subjects from neonatal life to menopause and indicates that during times of hormonal change, women are at an increased risk for sleep disturbances such as poor sleep quality and sleep deprivation, as well as sleep disorders such as OSA, restless legs syndrome, and insomnia.

TL;DR: The diagnosis and management of refractory shock is discussed to offer guidance for management of this important clinical problem and to provide a framework for future research.

TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the association of COPD with frailty and pre-frailty was conducted. But the authors did not identify any potential negative effects associated with the cooccurrence of these conditions.

TL;DR: In this paper, acute loss of atrial systole and onset of rapid ventricular rates that characterize new-onset arrhythmia often lead to decreased cardiac output and hemodynamic compromise.

TL;DR: Although most patients with sarcoidosis do well, increased mortality was seen in those patients who were older, had extensive fibrosis on HRCT scanning, or who had PH, the two composite scores were predictive of increased mortality according to univariate analysis.

TL;DR: A drug-induced sarcoidosis-like reaction (DISR) is a systemic granulomatous reaction that occurs in a temporal relationship with initiation of an offending drug and typically improve or resolve after withdrawal of the offending drug.

TL;DR: How patient‐derived precision medicine models may aid the translation of emerging next‐generation ion channel modulators from the laboratory to the clinic and tailor their use for optimal therapeutic benefits in individual patients with CF is discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the dose-plasma concentration relationship and safety of four different dosing regimens for early high-dose IV vitamin C as adjuvant therapy in patients who are critically ill.

TL;DR: Pre‐ICU frailty status was associated with increased post-ICU disability and new nursing home admission among ICU survivors, and death among all admissions, which may provide prognostic information about outcomes after a critical illness.

TL;DR: The objective of this study was to characterize the public’s values regarding how scarce mechanical ventilators should be allocated during an influenza pandemic, with the ultimate goal of informing a statewide scare resource allocation framework.

TL;DR: The evidence suggests that insomnia predisposes individuals to chronic pain or to the worsening of painful conditions, and research is needed to explore this outcome in relation to some of the most prevalent sleep disturbances.

TL;DR: In this article, an integrated proteomic classifier was used to identify benign nodules in patients with a pretest probability of cancer (pCA)≤ 50. And the classifier performed better than PET, validated lung nodule risk models, and physician cancer probability estimates.

TL;DR: The study was terminated early because of three cases of cholecystitis that were determined to be related to BMS‐986020 after unblinding, which significantly slowed the rate of FVC decline.

TL;DR: In this paper, extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, including exosomes, ectosomes and apoptotic bodies.

TL;DR: How new insights into genetics have allowed us to define the clinical features of primary ciliary dyskinesia, revolutionize diagnostics, and reveal previously unrecognized genotype‐phenotype relationships in primary ciliopathies is described.

TL;DR: This review article examines the relationship between obesity and lung disease, highlighting some of the major findings that have advanced understanding of the mechanisms contributing to this relationship.

TL;DR: Prednisolone was more effective in inducing response than itraconazole in acute‐stage ABPA, however, itrconazole was also effective in a considerable number and, with fewer side effects compared with prednisol one, remains an attractive alternative in the initial treatment of ABPA.

TL;DR: A standardized definition of treatment success and genotypic distinction between reinfection and relapse by means of pretreatment and posttreatment identification of MAC species in cases of microbiologic recurrences may help to optimize evaluation of treatment regimens in the future.

TL;DR: The incidence of IAH and ACS in a variety of disease states is summarized, highlighting the fact that modern critical care paradigms emphasize rational limitations to fluid resuscitation, which may have contributed to an apparent decrease in ACS among critically ill patients.

TL;DR: Bronchoscopy with or without a thin scope and R‐EBUS had a poor diagnostic yield for pulmonary lesions, and future work should focus on improvements in technique and technology advances that ensure a higher likelihood of obtaining a diagnosis.

TL;DR: TA inhalations can be used safely and effectively to control bleeding in patients with nonmassive hemoptysis and a reduced recurrence rate was noted at the 1‐year follow-up (P = .009).

TL;DR: Exercise‐induced PH is a cause of decreased exercise capacity, may precede the development of manifest PH in a proportion of patients, and is associated with a decreased life expectancy.

TL;DR: This guideline presents suggestions for managing and treating cough on the best available evidence, but future research is clearly needed.

TL;DR: D diagnosis showed a trend toward better prognostic discrimination between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other ILDs compared with preMDD diagnosis, which indicates the added value of MDD in ILD.

TL;DR: Challenges facing clinicians who care for affected individuals and investigators regard the difficulty and expense of assembling large cohorts of affected individuals for study, and garnering funding for research.

TL;DR: Overall survival in PHAROS was higher than other SSc‐PAH cohorts and Optimization of treatment for those at greatest risk of early PAH‐related death is crucial.