Showing papers in "Cognition in 1999"

TL;DR: The results suggest that information at the verb can be used to restrict the domain within the context to which subsequent reference will be made by the (as yet unencountered) post-verbal grammatical object.

TL;DR: Results suggest that a learning mechanism previously shown to be involved in word segmentation can also be used to segment sequences of non-linguistic stimuli.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present instrumental measurements based on a consonant/vowel segmentation for eight languages and show that intuitive rhythm types reflect specific phonological properties, which in turn are signaled by the acoustic/phonetic properties of speech.

TL;DR: Results from a new method for studying children's moment-by-moment language processing abilities, in which a head-mounted eye-tracking system was used to monitor eye movements as participants responded to spoken instructions, revealed systematic differences in how children and adults process spoken language.

TL;DR: Four experiments used the head-turn preference procedure to assess whether infants could extract and remember information from auditory strings produced by a miniature artificial grammar and found infants generalized to new structure by discriminating new grammatical strings from ungrammatical ones after less than 2 min exposure to the grammar.

TL;DR: The work reported here experimentally investigates the hypothesis that vocabulary acquisition takes place via an incremental constraint-satisfaction procedure that bootstraps itself into successively more sophisticated linguistic representations which, in turn, enable new kinds of vocabulary learning.

TL;DR: It is argued that in its initial state naive psychological reasoning is not a cue-based but a principle-based theory and its ontology is not restricted to (featurally identified) object kinds such as persons, animates, or agents.

TL;DR: Data from healthy elderly subjects, and a small group of left hemisphere patients (who received the tasks in modified form), suggest that this impairment on mental state tasks is not a function of task difficulty, and support the notion of a dedicated cognitive system for theory of mind.

TL;DR: The experiments in this article made use of the eye-tracking paradigm with spoken language and visual contexts in order to examine how, and when listeners make use of contextually-defined contrast in interpreting simple prenominal adjectives, suggesting a language processing system in which semantic interpretation is conducted incrementally, with early integration of contextual information.

TL;DR: Results suggested that the categorization task changes the spatial scales preferentially used and perceived for rapid recognition, and suggest that categorization can be closely bound to perception.

TL;DR: The results suggest that individuals with an autism spectrum condition are impaired in achieving local coherence, and they have a preference not to strive for coherence unless instructed to do so, or unless they make a conscious decision toDo so.

TL;DR: The scope of young children's teleological tendency to view entities as 'designed for purposes' is explored, finding that, unlike adults, pre-schoolers tend to attribute functions to all kinds of objects.

TL;DR: In this study newborn infants were presented with lists of lexical and grammatical words prepared from natural maternal speech and the results show that newborns are able to categorically discriminate these sets of words based on a constellation of perceptual cues that distinguish them.

TL;DR: It is found that children between 17 and 33 months of age do not systematically generalize names for solid things by shape similarity until they already know many nouns, and do not dismantle names for non-solid substances by material similarity.

TL;DR: Evidence that poor mentalisers in the normal population are more likely to self-report psychotic-like traits, as well as asocial or idiosyncratic behaviours, refuted suggestions that defective mentalising is linked solely to asocial symptomatology and supported the view that defectivementalising may have a fundamental role to play in the explanation of psychotic symptoms.

TL;DR: Four experiments were conducted with infants 4.5-11.5 months of age using the same procedure, except that only one feature was manipulated at a time: shape, size, pattern, or color, and results indicated that 4.

TL;DR: It is concluded that in the absence of explicit co-occurrence, poor comprehenders are less sensitive to abstract semantic relations than normal readers.

TL;DR: This article showed that starting with simplified inputs or limited memory is not necessary in training recurrent networks to learn pseudonatural languages; in fact, such restrictions hinder acquisition as the languages are made more English-like by the introduction of semantic as well as syntactic constraints.

TL;DR: It is suggested that observers can update a viewer-centered representation of a scene when they move to a different viewing position, but such updating does not occur during display rotations even with visual and motor information for the magnitude of the change.

TL;DR: This research shows that by 24 months, children can interpret speech continuously, and adults' responses in the same task were found to be very similar to those of the 24-month-olds.

TL;DR: It is concluded that people do not generally avoid ambiguous options, instead, they take into account expected outcome, outcome variability, and their need in order to arrive at a decision that is most likely to satisfy this need.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that L1 shapes the perceptual system at early stages of development in such a way that it will determine the perception of non-native phonemic contrasts, even if there is extensive and early exposure to L2, is supported.

TL;DR: It is postulated that any language where orthography-to-phonology mapping is transparent, or even opaque, or any language whose orthographic unit representing sound is coarse (i.e. at a whole character or word level) should not produce a high incidence of developmental phonological dyslexia.

TL;DR: Picture naming and word categorization responses to targets were faster and more accurate when the picture primes belonged to the same semantic category as the targets, so called priming effect.

TL;DR: In two masked priming experiments, it is shown that single-digit and two-digit Arabic numerals are equally well primed by an Arabic numeral with the same number of digits as by an equally distant Arabicnumeral with a different number ofdigits.

TL;DR: Five experiments investigate the scope of conceptual and grammatical encoding during spoken sentence production and conclude that, prior to speech onset, lemma access is completed for the first phrase of an utterance and that high level processing is initiated but not complete for the remainder of a sentence beyond the firstphrase.

TL;DR: The results indicate that performance on the Ternus task is related to nonword reading ability but not to exception word reading ability, and alternative interpretations of these findings are offered.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the activity in the left temporal association area reflects the load of auditory, memory, and language information processing in speech recognition.

TL;DR: This paper pursues the second approach by arguing that the distinction between proximal and distal demonstratives does not correspond to an independently established distinction between near and far space in the visual system but is instead based on language-internal factors.

TL;DR: It is argued for a dissociation between these kinds of judgements in the freesort tasks and LEW's inability to make explicit use of his intact (implicit) knowledge is seen as related to his language impairment.